典型加筋板拉伸疲劳试验方法（英文）

加筋板是船体结构的主要组成部分,针对船用加筋板试件在疲劳试验过程中连接段先于考核段破坏的技术问题,文章开展了加筋板拉伸疲劳试验技术研究,提出了加筋板拉伸疲劳试件设计方法。在此基础上,依据疲劳累积损伤理论,结合声发射动态裂纹检测技术,建立了基于声发射技术的疲劳累积损伤试验方法。通过加筋板拉伸疲劳试验验证了该方法的可行性和适用性,实现了疲劳试验的考核目标,可为以后类似结构疲劳试验提供方法参考。     

典型加筋板拉伸疲劳试件设计方法研究

文章以加筋板拉伸疲劳试件设计为例,利用有限元方法对其疲劳试件应力分布情况进行了研究,得到了疲劳试件高应力区域;对影响试件疲劳强度的过渡段面板长度、球头端口结构型式、圆弧半径以及加强方式等主要因素进行了详细研究,提出了疲劳试件设计方法;利用该方法成功地对加筋板疲劳试件进行了优化设计,实现了疲劳试验的主要考核目的,为以后类似疲劳试件设计提供了参考依据。     

轴向循环载荷下裂纹板和加筋板极限强度

为保障船体总纵强度的安全性,对裂纹板和加筋板在轴向循环载荷下的极限承载性能进行研究。采用系列光板和筋-板组合试件模拟船体板和加筋板构件,并在板上预制初始裂纹,对其在轴向循环载荷下的极限承载力进行试验研究。最后对试件的极限承载力进行数值分析,将所得结果与试验结果进行对比,并将由循环载荷引起的塑性累积和疲劳裂纹扩展均考虑在内。通过数值分析和试验研究得到板上裂纹长度、筋上裂纹长度、疲劳损伤因子、裂纹张开位移和挠度,分析发现这些参数（尤其是裂纹长度）对轴向循环载荷下裂纹板和加筋板的极限强度有一定影响。     

多次水下爆炸下背空加筋板损伤累积特性研究

为了评估舰船结构在水下多次爆炸冲击下抗爆抗冲击性能,采用Abaqus非线性有限元软件建立了固支背空钢板结构水下爆炸冲击数值模型,数值计算结果与文献实验结果吻合较好,验证了水下爆炸声-固耦合方法的可靠性。在此基础上,提出了多次水下爆炸冲击声-固耦合数值模拟方法,研究了多次水下爆炸冲击下典型背空加筋板损伤累积特性与损伤模式演化规律,分析了冲击因子对结构损伤特性的影响。结果表明,多次水下爆炸冲击作用下背空加筋板动态变形与损伤逐渐累积,可能发生塑性大变形、边界拉伸撕裂以及整体失效破坏等损伤模式演化。当冲击因子小于某一阈值时,背空加筋板多次水下爆炸冲击下塑性变形趋于稳定,出现伪安定现象。研究结果可为舰船结构抗爆抗冲击设计提供参考。     

拉伸载荷下加筋板裂纹扩展研究

采用预制缺口的加筋板结构试样,对921A钢加筋板结构进行拉伸疲劳载荷作用下的低周疲劳试验,采用奇异单元法计算相应试件的裂纹尖端应力强度因子,利用Paris准则得出裂纹扩展速率与应力强度因子的关系式,得到拉伸疲劳载荷作用下舰体加筋板结构破口裂纹扩展模型,用于分析和预报破损舰船结构在波浪中航行时的裂纹扩展情况和剩余疲劳寿命预报,算例验证了本试验计算方法的合理性。     

加筋板低周疲劳寿命和累积塑性应变模型

为分析加筋板结构累积塑性破坏的影响,应用损伤力学基础理论,并结合筋板相互影响系数,以塑性应变为损伤演化的控制参量,推导并建立加筋板结构低周疲劳累积递增塑性应变模型和低周疲劳寿命模型。将加筋板在循环载荷下的疲劳损伤变量引入累积递增塑性应变方程中,通过积分变换,推导出循环载荷下船舶加筋板结构轴向累积塑性应变的演化方程及其低周疲劳寿命本构模型;采用船舶通用高强度402钢相关材料疲劳特性参数对船舶加筋板结构低周疲劳寿命模型进行对比分析;将塑性应变发展理论模型与有限元计算结果进行比较,分析平均应力和筋条刚度比对累积塑性应变的影响规律。结果表明,该模型较好地反映了船舶加筋板结构的轴向累积塑性应变演化规律,同时能方便地对船舶结构低周疲劳强度进行评估、校核。     

钛合金焊接接头疲劳裂纹声发射特征研究

钛合金以其良好的性能得到工业界广泛的应用,但是钛合金建造和焊接工艺极难控制,容易产生焊接缺陷.本文利用声发射技术对不同厚度钛合金焊接接头拉伸和疲劳损伤过程进行动态监测,获得了钛合金焊接接头焊缝从裂纹萌生、扩展、直至断裂过程的声发射事件数量、幅度、危险程度分布特性,提出了钛合金焊接接头疲劳损伤声发射阶段性理论,为声发射技术应用于钛合金结构服役过程的全寿命安全监测提供了理论依据.     

夹芯结构的疲劳裂纹损伤扩展研究

本文以夹芯复合材料板的疲劳试验为基础,结合裂纹探测技术对疲劳裂纹扩展及累积损伤过程进行了检测,实现了全寿期内裂纹发生、扩展直至最终破坏的整个疲劳累积失效过程的追踪。基于累积损伤追踪过程的数据规律,提出了适用于夹芯复合材料结构疲劳渐变累积损伤过程的材料性能渐降模型,建立了以剩余刚度为表征参量的复合材料结构的疲劳累积损伤状态量D的失效准则,最后推导了夹芯复合材料板在面内弯曲受载路径下,结构疲劳寿命的预测力学模型。     

含裂纹加筋板在压缩载荷下的剩余极限强度试验研究

在老龄化引起的船舶结构安全性问题中,裂纹损伤是结构强度衰减的一个重要因素。文章采用逐步加载法对含裂纹损伤的加筋板压缩剩余极限强度进行试验研究。设计六种典型的穿透裂纹损伤加筋板,对损伤试件进行轴向压缩试验。通过改变裂纹尺寸、位置及倾角参数并根据试验观测结果,探讨了不同裂纹参数下加筋板的屈曲破坏特点和对剩余极限强度影响。试验结果表明,不同的裂纹长度以及裂纹位置改变加筋板结构承载力的分布,影响结构应力应变场,进而改变其失效崩溃模式;倾角为45°的裂纹相对于垂直于加筋的裂纹对加筋板结构的剩余极限强度影响较小,此外初始缺陷对结构的剩余极限强度的影响也不容忽视。     

基于局部应力应变Neuber法的舵板寿命分析

开展舵板材料的循环应力应变试验,通过静态拉伸实验数据近似估算了材料的疲劳性能参数;给出了3种材料应变寿命曲线估算法,以及相应的修正方法。根据舵板危险点等效应力-时间历程曲线,应用雨流计数法和疲劳累积损伤理论对舵板的疲劳寿命进行预计。     

基于试验获取主应力应变曲线的油船极限强度评估研究(英文)

A geometrically similar scaling was made from small-scale specimen to full-scale stiffened panels and then their collapse behaviour is investigated. It is considered that the stiffened panel compressive ultimate strength test was designed according to geometrical scaling laws so that the output of the test could be used as representative of the stiffened panels of the compressive zone of a tanker hull subjected to vertical bending moment. The ultimate strength of a tanker hull is analysed by a FE analysis using the experimentally developed master stress-strain curves which are obtained by the beam tension test and the compressive test of the stiffened panel, and are then compared with the result achieved by the progressive collapse method.     

Ultimate strength assessment of a tanker hull based on experimentally developed master curves

A geometrically similar scaling was made from small-scale specimen to full-scale stiffened panels and then their collapse behaviour is investigated. It is considered that the stiffened panel compressive ultimate strength test was designed according to geometrical scaling laws so that the output of the test could be used as representative of the stiffened panels of the compressive zone of a tanker hull subjected to vertical bending moment. The ultimate strength of a tanker hull is analysed by a FE analysis using the experimentally developed master stress-strain curves which are obtained by the beam tension test and the compressive test of the stiffened panel, and are then compared with the result achieved by the progressive collapse method.     

具有裂纹缺陷的加筋板的剩余拉伸强度分析

对具有裂纹缺陷的加筋板的剩余强度进行了数值分析.考虑了加筋板上的三种缺陷形式,即板和筋上的垂直裂纹,板和筋上的倾斜裂纹以及板上的裂纹和筋上的圆孔.对板和筋上的相对裂纹长度、材料属性、板和筋的厚度、裂纹开裂角度以及圆孔的直径等影响参数进行了分析.同时,将无加筋板剩余强度的经验公式推广到加筋板,并验证了公式的有效性.     

基于柔度曲率矩阵的加筋板结构损伤识别方法

为了对船舶工程中典型结构即加筋板结构的损伤部位进行准确的损伤识别分析,文章提出了一种基于柔度曲率矩阵的损伤识别方法并进行了仿真分析。首先对加筋板结构进行单元划分,以结构响应通过矩阵的列最大值来建立节点柔度矩阵,并通过二阶微分对柔度值的变化进行放大进而得到柔度曲率矩阵,最后通过柔度曲率矩阵图或者柔度曲率矩阵的行(列)曲率图来判断损伤位置。算例分析表明,该方法损伤定位准确并且具有较高的灵敏度,避免了使用原未损结构的模态参数,只需损伤结构的一阶或者前几阶模态信息就可以有效地进行损伤识别分析。通过大量模拟,给出了加筋板结构损伤的判别图。     

含损伤加筋板结构声辐射模态变异研究

本文采用声辐射模态的有关理论,用结构的声辐射模态参数来表征结构本身的固有声辐射特性.以加筋板结构为例,计算不同加筋情况和结构不同损伤情况下的声辐射模态.基于Mindlin理论,建立描述健康和损伤的四结点有限元板壳单元模型,采用有限元方法计算结构表面动力响应.各向同性损伤单元,采取刚度各向整体弱化的方法分析;对于各向异性损伤单元,采用K8chanov理论,引人了x和y两个方向的弹性损伤折减系数.考虑到不同损伤存在形式,计算分析了损伤对振动频率、模态以及声辐射模态的影响.文章建立了一种含损伤结构的分析方法,通过对一些典型算例分析,在评价损伤对船舶与海洋结构物常用的加筋结构声辐射特性影响方面做出了一定的探索.     

基于雨流计数法的高低频复合疲劳试验研究

船体固有频率与遭遇波浪频率及其倍频相接近时,波浪载荷极易引起船体结构产生持续的波激振动现象,对大型船舶结构疲劳损伤的影响达到40 %以上。因此,有必要针对波激振动引起的非线性垂向弯矩载荷特点,开展高低频复合工况下典型切口试件疲劳试验及累计损伤分析研究。基于非线性随机载荷的分析方法,采用闭合雨流计数法提取叠加应力历程中的多级循环载荷,并结合平均应力修正方法和疲劳极限以下SN曲线局部修正法,对叠加应力历程中小载荷的损伤效应展开研究。分析结果表明,高低频载荷叠加产生的附加损伤效应对疲劳寿命的影响显著,在恒定应力比下随平均应力的变化近似成二次函数关系。考虑高频小载荷的叠加应力历程疲劳寿命明显降低,可以通过修正累计损伤临界值或引入应力放大因子,近似的利用线性累积损伤理论预测实际叠加应力历程的寿命范围。     

Simulation-based fatigue crack management of ship structural details applied to longitudinal and transverse connections

It is of continuing importance for ship structural design to establish a system to compute the growth behavior of fatigue cracks propagating in structural details. In the present paper, a simulation program is developed for multiple fatigue cracks propagating in a three-dimensional stiffened panel structure, where it can predict fatigue crack lives and paths by taking into account the interaction of multiple cracks, load shedding during crack propagation and welding residual stress. Various fatigue crack propagations in longitudinal stiffeners of ship structures are investigated by both the present simulation method and experiments. From these results, it is found that the crack propagation may considerably change, depending on the loading conditions, structural details and residual stress distributions. This means that one could possibly manage to avoid fatal damage of the skin-plate by properly designing the structural details. Furthermore, these results may imply a possibility to realize a rational fatigue crack management if one can estimate the fatigue crack-propagation behavior during the ship lifecycle. The present simulation program may offer a useful numerical tool for this purpose.     

A computational approach for fatigue crack propagation in ship structures under random sequence of clustered loading

The authors have developed a simulation program, CP-System, for multiple cracks propagating in a three-dimensional stiffened panel structure, where through-the-thickness crack propagation is formulated as a two-dimensional in-plane problem, and the crack propagation behavior is simulated by step-by-step finite element analyses. In order to evaluate the fatigue lives of marine structures accurately, it is necessary to take into account the load histories induced by sea waves, which may be composed of a random sequence of certain clustered loads with variable stress range. In the proposed crack growth model, the crack opening and closure behavior is simulated by using the modified strip yielding model, and the effective tensile plastic stress intensity range, ΔK _RP, is calculated by considering the contact of plastic wake along the crack surfaces. The adequacy of the proposed crack growth model is examined by comparison with fatigue tests under non-constant-amplitude loading. The usefulness of the developed method is demonstrated for a ship structural detail under certain simulated load sequences. It is shown that the fatigue crack growth of a ship structure is significantly retarded due to the load interaction effects, so that the conventional method for fatigue life assessment may predict a relatively conservative fatigue life of a structure.