前置前驱动轿车加速纵向振动模型仿真

汽车在稳定车速行驶时，突然踏下油门加速或改变负荷，车身有明显的纵向振动，直接影响乘坐舒适性和汽车的动力性。本文针对这种现象，对前置前驱动的样车进行系统分析，考虑轮胎，传动系统，传动系统，发动机第五悬架的特性对车辆纵向振动的影响，建立整车动态模型，利用MATLAB语言进行仿真，仿真结果与试验值有较好的一致性，在仿真的基础上，提出了改变离合器扭转刚度，半轴扭刚度及改变第五悬置刚度特性曲线等方案。     

基于排气系统挂钩位置和结构的座椅抖动优化

基于数值模拟和试验研究了某SUV主驾驶员座椅在加速时抖动较大的问题，结果表明，主驾驶员座椅2号安装点的振动加速度峰值在44.5 Hz附近远超目标值，是引起座椅抖动较大的主要原因。结合基于平均驱动自由度位移法所获得的理想挂钩布置点、排气系统结构和车身底部空间，优化了挂钩位置。通过挂钩尺寸和搭接结构优化，大幅提高了排气系统挂钩的一阶局部模态。优化方案各挂钩-主驾驶员座椅安装点的振动传递函数峰值明显降低，最大降幅百分比为36.7%。样车道路测试时主驾驶员座椅靠背测点的振动加速度峰值由1.19 mm/s2降至0.66 mm/s2，主观评价结果满足设计要求。     

电动汽车实车路谱低频成分对动力电池潜在损伤的影响

动力电池实车路谱从频域的角度看由较为丰富的频率成分构成，当前国内外的动力电池振动测试标准的频率范围并未完全覆盖这些频段，特别是低频部分。本文通过对动力电池实车路谱分别进行1 Hz和5 Hz高通滤波，从时域、频域、雨流统计结果等方面分析5 Hz及1 Hz以下的低频成分对动力电池潜在损伤的影响，提出了对动力电池进行1 Hz～5 Hz低频振动考核的必要性。     

基于ANFIS的工况跟踪用纵向驾驶员模型开发

针对基于PI控制纵向驾驶员模型的工况跟踪效果不佳等问题,采集了某PHEV试验样车的纵向驾驶行为数据,采用ANFIS建立了二输入参数的纵向驾驶员模型和考虑未来预期车速影响的预瞄纵向驾驶员模型。仿真结果表明,基于ANFIS的预瞄纵向驾驶员模型具有最好的工况跟踪效果,均方根误差为0.993 0 km/h,且其决策出的加速踏板行程、挡位和需求转矩与实车试验结果最为接近。     

车身低频结构噪声的主动振动控制技术仿真

为有效控制车身低频结构噪声,应用主动振动控制(AVC)技术,提出了一种可以改变振动系统阻尼、减弱车身高幅振动、降低车身低频结构噪声的降噪方案。基于AVC系统结构和最小均方(LMS)算法,提出滤波-x最小均方根(FxLMS)算法。针对样车的振动特性,合理布置硬件位置并采集振动输入信号。信号处理采用单一和多重一致性结合分析的策略,获得高水平一致性的输入信号,从而提升AVC系统的性能。采用MATLAB/Simulink软件进行AVC系统建模,并得出仿真结果。仿真结果表明：归一化步长为0.001和泄漏因子为0.1的参数方案可获得最佳的系统性能和稳定性,车顶振动最剧烈处(65~100Hz频段内)的振动峰值降低了20.765%,平均值降低了8.139%,减振降噪效果显著。     

客车发动机悬置系统隔振性能研究

针对中通某前置客车所装配的发动机悬置系统的隔振性能进行研究,建立发动机悬置系统的振动模型,于设计初期对悬置系统进行分析,经解耦计算,得到悬置系统Roll主频率为11 Hz;并对样车悬置系统进行全转速扫描和隔振性能测试,悬置系统Roll主频率为10 Hz,隔振性能良好。     

保时捷车身开发技术

在新开发的车型定性之后，便进行概念设计，为了节省时间，提高设计水平，优化结构，采用计算机进行辅助设计造型，根据新车型所采用的新结构，新技术等因素确立粘土模型，同步工程的开展概念设计完成之时总布置图亦随之确定，且检验模型也完成。车身结构和零部件强度，刚度计算机进行，然后进行样车的试制工作，样车的改进是由样车进行碰撞，气候振动，噪声，空气动力学等实验参数来确定的。最后，由定型部门进行定型工作。     

SUV整车振动噪声的试验研究

对自主开发的SUV(多功能运动车)样车和参考样车的振动、噪声进行了测试和对比分析，研究了噪声源定位和各主要噪声源对整车噪声的影响。根据研究结果提出了减振降噪措施，并在SUV样车上实施，使其车内噪声降低了2dB。     

基于道路载荷谱的某副水箱支架振动试验

针对某车型副水箱支架在道路耐久试验过程中出现的钣金开裂失效问题,采集副水箱支架路试道路载荷谱,计算路试总损伤并根据振动损伤等效原则,合成得到合适加速台架振动试验的驱动功率谱密度（PSD）。在道路耐久性试验中损坏的原状态样件按此PSD进行振动试验验证,样件失效模式、时间与整车路试结果一致,关联性好;利用该PSD对优化后的样件进行加速振动试验验证,通过加速振动试验的优化样件也通过了整车路试验证,该方法为样车开发节省了路试验证时间。     

汽车制动工况下纵向角振动的控制

本文应用键合图理论建立了五自由度汽车振动系统模型，以ＣＡ１０２６ＬＦ轻型货车为对象，通过仿真计算分析了悬架非线性弹性特性对纵向角振动的影响，提出了控制方案并研制出具有非线性一特性的扭杆悬架控制机构。实验结果表明，该机构可明显减小汽车制动工况下的纵向角振动。     

车内低频振动噪声的虚拟传递路径分析

传递路径分析法是诊断汽车振动噪声问题准确有效的方法。试验传递路径分析耗时耗力且需要实制样车,为在整车开发初期诊断汽车振动噪声问题,对整车虚拟传递路径分析法进行了研究。首先建立了包含底盘的整车声固耦合有限元模型,采用频率响应法预测车内声学振动响应,发现驾驶员右耳声压在38 Hz处以及驾驶员座椅导轨振动在59 Hz处存在较大峰值。在有限元模型基础上建立了整车虚拟传递路径分析模型,该模型合成的声学振动结果与频率响应法结果吻合较好,验证了模型的正确性。利用虚拟传递路径法对两处峰值作诊断分析,根据分析结果对贡献量大的路径进行优化。优化结果表明,38 Hz处驾驶员右耳声压降低2 dB,59 Hz处座椅振动改善效果明显。     

Effect of temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads on high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibrations

The soft under baseplate pad of WJ-8 rail fastener frequently used in China’s high-speed railways was taken as the study subject, and a laboratory test was performed to measure its temperature and frequency-dependent dynamic performance at 0.3?Hz and at ?60°C to 20°C with intervals of 2.5°C. Its higher frequency-dependent results at different temperatures were then further predicted based on the time–temperature superposition (TTS) and Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) formula. The fractional derivative Kelvin–Voigt (FDKV) model was used to represent the temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of the tested rail pad. By means of the FDKV model for rail pads and vehicle–track coupled dynamic theory, high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibrations due to temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads was investigated. Finally, further combining with the measured frequency-dependent dynamic performance of vehicle’s rubber primary suspension, the high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibration responses were discussed. It is found that the storage stiffness and loss factor of the tested rail pad are sensitive to low temperatures or high frequencies. The proposed FDKV model for the frequency-dependent storage stiffness and loss factors of the tested rail pad can basically meet the fitting precision, especially at ordinary temperatures. The numerical simulation results indicate that the vertical vibration levels of high-speed vehicle–track coupled systems calculated with the FDKV model for rail pads in time domain are higher than those calculated with the ordinary Kelvin–Voigt (KV) model for rail pads. Additionally, the temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of the tested rail pads would alter the vertical vibration acceleration levels (VALs) of the car body and bogie in 1/3 octave frequencies above 31.5?Hz, especially enlarge the vertical VALs of the wheel set and rail in 1/3 octave frequencies of 31.5–100?Hz and above 315?Hz, which are the dominant frequencies of ground vibration acceleration and rolling noise (or bridge noise) caused by high-speed railways respectively. Since the fractional derivative value of the adopted rubber primary suspension, unlike the tested rail pad, is very close to 1, its frequency-dependent dynamic performance has little effect on high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibration responses.     

交通荷载作用下市政道路路面振动测试与分析

对市政道路进行减隔振设计，需先研究交通车辆荷载引起的道路振动特性。实测了广州市南大路和番禺大道北辅路在四种车辆和混合车流时的路面振动加速度，并对测试数据进行峰值、频谱、VLz振级分析，研究车辆荷载引起的市政道路振动规律。结果表明:道路振动加速度响应幅值与汽车轴重、行驶速度、道路结构刚度密切相关，随着汽车轴重、车辆行驶速度和道路刚度的增大而增大；汽车荷载激励以竖向振动为主，频率主要在5.0～40.0 Hz之间，能量集中于10.0~20.0Hz范围。     

Material characteristics of a vehicle door seal and its effect on vehicle vibrations

The vibration characteristics of the door panels are affected by the weatherstrip seals used in between the doors and vehicle body along the perimeter of the doors. The weatherstrip seals exhibit nonlinear and viscoelastic material properties that vary with frequency, temperature, strain rate and amplitude, and previous load history. The material properties of the seal must be investigated carefully in order to predict the vibration characteristics of the automobiles under different loading conditions.

In this study, we developed hyperelastic and viscoelastic models of the weatherstrip seal to predict dynamic performance of a vehicle door and its effect on the overall vehicle dynamics. For this purpose, first, static compression and stress relaxation experiments were performed on the seal using a robotic indenter equipped with force and displacement sensors and then a finite element model utilising the results of these experiments was developed in ANSYS. Finally, a representative model of the seal was integrated into the finite element model of the vehicle door to investigate its effect on the vehicle vibrations. The model predictions were validated using experimental modal analysis performed on the vehicle door with and without the seal. It was observed that the seal has a significant effect on the vehicle dynamics.     

Excitation force analysis of a powertrain based on CAE technology

The excitation force of a powertrain is one of major sources of interior noise in a vehicle. This paper presents a novel approach to predict the interior noise caused by the vibration of the powertrain by using the hybrid TPA (transfer path analysis) method. Although the traditional transfer path analysis (TPA) is useful for the identification of powertrain noise sources, it is difficult to modify the structure of a powertrain by using experiments for the reduction of vibration and noise. In order to solve this problem, the vibration of the powertrain in a vehicle is numerically analyzed by using the finite element method (FEM). The vibration of the other parts of the vehicle is investigated by using experiments based on vibrato-acoustic transfer function (VATF) analysis. These two methods are combined for the prediction of interior noise caused by a powertrain. Throughout this research, two papers are presented. This paper presents a simulation of the excitation force of the powertrain exciting the vehicle body based on numerical simulation. The other paper presents a prediction of interior noise based on the hybrid TPA, which uses the VATF of the car body and the excitation force predicted in this paper.     

Vossloh300扣件阻尼频变对高铁高频振动的影响研究

以Vossloh300扣件胶垫为研究对象，利用配备温度箱的万能试验机测得其在-60℃~20℃的耗能刚度。在试验基础上结合温频等效原理及车辆-轨道垂向耦合Timoshenko梁模型，在频域内探究该型扣件频变阻尼对高铁轮轨系统动力特性的影响。结果表明:Vossloh300扣件胶垫在20℃，4 Hz激振频率下阻尼系数约152.2 kN/（m·s-1）。Vossloh300扣件频变阻尼主要影响车辆-轨道垂向耦合系统1/3倍频中心频率22 Hz以上的振动响应，即:①增大车辆和轨道系统22~56 Hz的中高频振动，同时减小其60~256 Hz的高频振动；②在512~1 500 Hz范围内，钢轨垂向1/3倍频加速度振级最大值增大了5 dB，同时，扣件力1/3倍频幅值最大值减小了92%。因此，为精确预测高速铁路车辆及轮下结构随机振动响应，需考虑扣件胶垫的阻尼频变特性。     

Maglev Vehicle/Guideway Vertical Random Response and Ride Quality

Summary The research and development (R & D) of maglev technology had made a great progress in China since the early 1980s. Especially, a 35 km-long Shanghai high-speed maglev railway employing the German Transrapid system began to be constructed on March 1, 2001. Based on the Transrapid system, the paper develops a 10-degree-of-freedom model of maglev vehicle running over three types of guideways with constant speed. Random guideway irregularities are discussed and taken into account for simulation of the vehicle response and for evaluation of the ride comfort. Using the direct time integration method and the discrete fast Fourier transform (DFFT), random responses of the maglev vehicle-guideway systems are obtained and analyzed. Numerical results show that the resonant frequency of car body acceleration response is 0.5–1 Hz, and there is a 2.2 Hz periodic vibration due to the periodic configuration of rigid piers when the maglev vehicle travels over the elevated-beam guideway. The car body acceleration power spectral density (PSD) curves meet well the ride quality criterion of the urban tracked aircushion vehicle (UTACV) and the maximum acceleration of car body is less than 0.05 g. Moreover, the Sperling ride index values are less than 2.5 as long as the operational speed is less than 450 km/h. It is concluded that the maglev vehicle ride quality is quite well.     

Maglev Vehicle/Guideway Vertical Random Response and Ride Quality

Summary The research and development (R & D) of maglev technology had made a great progress in China since the early 1980s. Especially, a 35 km-long Shanghai high-speed maglev railway employing the German Transrapid system began to be constructed on March 1, 2001. Based on the Transrapid system, the paper develops a 10-degree-of-freedom model of maglev vehicle running over three types of guideways with constant speed. Random guideway irregularities are discussed and taken into account for simulation of the vehicle response and for evaluation of the ride comfort. Using the direct time integration method and the discrete fast Fourier transform (DFFT), random responses of the maglev vehicle-guideway systems are obtained and analyzed. Numerical results show that the resonant frequency of car body acceleration response is 0.5-1 Hz, and there is a 2.2 Hz periodic vibration due to the periodic configuration of rigid piers when the maglev vehicle travels over the elevated-beam guideway. The car body acceleration power spectral density (PSD) curves meet well the ride quality criterion of the urban tracked aircushion vehicle (UTACV) and the maximum acceleration of car body is less than 0.05 g. Moreover, the Sperling ride index values are less than 2.5 as long as the operational speed is less than 450 km/h. It is concluded that the maglev vehicle ride quality is quite well.     

路面特性对车辆振动影响规律研究

对软路面上车辆的扭转、垂直和纵向振动进行了研究,首先对振动车辆进行单因素(路面不平度、胎压、路面抗压强度和牵引负荷)分析,找出对车辆振动影响显著的因素及影响规律,在此基础上对影响振动的多因素进行正交试验,分析交互作用对车辆振动的影响规律。同时,对不同路面条件下振动进行研究分析。随着路面波形频率、路面抗压能力、轮胎气压和牵引负荷的增加,车辆扭转、垂直和纵向振动增加。对于垂直振动、扭振和纵向振动,其主要影响因素各不相同。     

某轻型商用车悬置系统设计与优化

动力总成悬置系统的性能是整车NVH性能控制的关键。文章以某轻型商用车悬置系统为研究对象,对其进行设计及优化。文章基于主惯性轴理论确定了悬置系统的初始安装角度,并基于能量解耦法建立Adams模型对胶块安装角度及刚度进行优化设计。通过整车试验表明怠速工况下悬置系统隔振效果良好,但后悬置在加速工况下在2930rpm处存在共振,然后通过CAE分析,提出了后悬置系统优化设计方案,并对改进后悬置系统重新进行测试验证。测试结果表明优化后共振消除,整个悬置系统性能达到设计要求。