近自由表面大展弦比超空泡水翼的研究

本文采用非线性超空泡水翼二维解,考虑了重力效应及水翼兴波速度势,应用升力线理论对近自由表面三维超空泡水翼进行了研究,并以平板水翼为例作了计算,所得的结果比Furuya1975年的工作有所推进。     

近自由面三维水翼的水动力分析及试验研究

采用面元法对近自由面三维水翼进行势流数值分析并进行了相关试验研究。在数值计算中,将Rankine源和偶极子置于边界面上,用时间步进法模拟水翼的势流场和自由表面波形。在自由面采用非线性自由面边界条件,在尾涡面上采用偶极子布置以满足Kutta条件。文中给出了数值计算模型的参数,对于不同浸深、不同航速和不同攻角下的水翼,计算了水翼表面上的压力分布,水翼的阻力和升力及自由表面波形。数值计算结果与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,文中方法可用于水翼优化设计、近自由面振动翼运动及水翼船兴波等问题的研究。     

基于Rankine源高阶面元法的船舶航行姿态与兴波阻力计算

针对航行船舶的兴波阻力和姿态预报,采用Rankine源高阶面元法求解船舶航行兴波问题。计算时采用叠模线性化自由面条件,对自由面影响系数奇异积分采用源点上置的方法处理,物面奇异积分和立体角则直接求解。就数学船型Wigley、S60和KCS集装箱船的航行兴波阻力与姿态分别进行了数值计算与分析,计算中根据姿态变化重新划分船体湿表面,进行迭代计算,不同航速下的姿态、兴波阻力和船侧波高与试验结果比较,吻合良好,自由面波形真实反映了物理现象,研究表明本文方法能准确地预报船舶航行姿态和兴波阻力,对不同船型和航行速度有着广泛的适用性。     

偶极子面元分布法及其在水翼组合体水动力预报中的应用

本文将偶极子面分布法用于水面下一般升力组合体绕流问题的数值计算。对兴波势计算中出现的复指数函数 E_1(z),采用了数值造表的方法,从而在保证精度的前提下,大大提高了计算运行速度。作为主要算例,数值预报了JETFOIL929-115型水翼艇后水翼组合体的水动力性能,得到了组合体升力随Fr 数变化的规律,以及组合体各部件上的压力分布,数值计算结果令人满意。     

水线源强消弃法在船舶定常兴波计算中的应用

当采用等强度源汇分布法求解线性船舶水动力学问题时,船体的水线源强必须等于零,基于这一假定,杜双兴在基于边界元法的数值计算中,令水线附近面元上的源强为零,且水线积分项也自动消失,称这种方法为"水线源强消弃法".本文应用Kelyin移动兴波源格林函数,研究水线源强消弃法在定常航行船舶的兴波计算中的应用,首先以潜航椭球体为例,对Kelvin移动兴波源格林函数进行了计算和验证,然后分别采用常规面元法和水线源强消弃法,对Wigley船型的兴波阻力、波形及船体压力分布进行了计算及试验比较,另外为了考查水线源强消弃法的工程实用性,最后对一艘SWATH船型的兴波阻力进行了计算.结果表明:与考虑水线单元和水线积分的常规面元法相比,水线源强消弃法能够较好地消除水线积分时格林函数的奇异性所引起的误差,给出的预报结果与试验值吻合更好;另外水线源强消弃法的预报结果受网格划分形式、忽略水线单元尺寸大小的影响,文中的算例表明:忽略10%-15%吃水以上的水线单元能够给出较为合理的预报结果.     

考虑定常兴波影响的辐射问题去奇Rankine源方法数值计算

随着中高速船舶在海洋资源开发中的广泛应用,航速对船舶在波浪中摇荡运动的影响受到重视。本文基于势流理论,采用非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)表达物面,应用去奇Rankine源方法求解流场速度势;推导了兴波问题的二阶近似非线性自由面边界条件,以及考虑二阶近似非线性兴波影响的辐射速度势的线性自由面和物面边界条件。本文编程首先数值计算了Wigley船型的近似非线性兴波问题,将计算的线性和非线性兴波阻力系数与文献结果做了比较;然后数值计算了计及线性定常兴波影响的下潜圆球有航速辐射问题,将计算的附加质量和阻尼系数与文献结果比较。本文计算结果与文献结果吻合程度较好,验证了本文数值计算方法的有效性。文中还给出了兴波波形和辐射波形。     

大方尾三体船型阻力及航态预报

现代船舶无论是单体船型还是多体船型,方尾都得到了广泛的运用,尤其对于三体船型,其多为喷水推进系统,船型设计时主体大多采用了较大方尾的设计。方尾船型在航行过程中,方尾后流场及出水情况随航速不断变化,这也一直是方尾船型阻力预报过程中的重点与难点。基于改进后的近场兴波方法,并对方尾后区域采取特殊处理,结合近水面网格快速划分的方法,对方尾船型的兴波阻力及航行姿态进行预报。得到不同航态下湿表面积后,预报船体总阻力。结合经验公式对低航速下的方尾静水力进行估算。以具有较大方尾的某三体船型为例进行计算,并将计算结果与实验值及部分软件参考结果进行对比,证明了理论方法可行有效。     

近似技术在船型阻力性能优化中的应用研究

船体型线优化过程中,通常要利用高精度的CFD软件对船舶的相关性能进行数值求解。这将耗费大量的时间,导致船型优化效率降低。为有效提高船型优化的效率,提出将近似技术应用于船型自动优化中,以代替CFD数值求解。探讨了样本点选取、样本集形成及近似模型实现途径等问题。以一艘1300TEU集装箱船的线型优化为例,构建船体兴波阻力的Kriging近似模型,并将其应用于球鼻首的优化中。计算结果表明,基于Kriging模型的船型优化是一种实用而且有效的方法。     

基于非线性规划法的实用船型首部优化设计方法

为了得到阻力性能优良的实用船型,以线性兴波阻力理论为基础,利用非线性规划法探讨最小总阻力船型的优化设计方法.以总阻力为目标函数(其中兴波阻力采用Michell积分进行计算),船体表面型值为设计变量,排水量不减为基本约束条件,再考虑实用船型的附加约束条件,对船体首部形状进行优化研究,得到改良船型.对优化前后的船型再利用Rankine 源法进行兴波阻力数值计算,进一步评估优化后的降阻效果.最后给出了实际船型(集装箱船)的优化计算实例,明显的降阻效果证实了本优化设计方法的可靠性.     

曲线运动潜体近水面兴波时域研究

本文利用快速多极子面元法的高效性与精确性,对近水面潜体在水平面曲线运动过程中的时域兴波势流问题展开研究。首先确定了自由面网格密度及时域更新方法以保证数值模拟的准确性,探索了椭球潜体在水下做直线运动与曲线运动时阻力系数与升力系数变化的区别,明确了曲线运动过程中各项系数的变化规律,并针对不同的偏航角度的兴波特性进行比较,研究偏航角度大小对于潜体兴波阻力、升力以及表面兴波波形的影响。研究结果表明,当偏航角较大时,表面兴波对曲线运动潜体所受阻力和升力影响均非常显著;随着偏航角度的变大,各波系间的相互作用更加明显,表面波形更为复杂,导致了兴波阻力激增,阻力及升力曲线均出现大幅波动且不对称性。     

一种实用船型设计方法

介绍船型设计中对兴波阻力影响最大的两个因素--横剖面面积曲线和球鼻首的设计方法.20年间,结合实用船型的特点,采用该方法研发出一种对中高速船行之有效的船型设计程序,并先后对四种具有完全不同尾型的实用船型进行优化设计,即1984年完成的球首长轴套新船型、1988年完成的球首蜗尾新船型、1992年完成的球首双尾新船型、2002年完成的球首常规尾沿海客滚船新船型,都取得了良好的消波、减阻与节能效果.在设计航速下,与各自的对比船型相比较,四种新船型均大幅度减小兴波阻力,减小剩余阻力20%以上,节省有效功率分别为16.2%、5.5%、5.8%、10.3%.     

Dynamics of ships running aground

A comprehensive dynamic model is presented for analysis of the transient loads and responses of the hull girder of ships running aground on relatively plane sand, gravel, or rock sea bottoms. Depending on the seabed soil characteristics and the geometry of the ship bow, the bow will plow into the seabed to some extent. The soil forces are determined by a mathematical model based on a theory for frictional soils in rupture and dynamic equilibrium of the fluid phase in the saturated soil. The hydrodynamic pressure forces acting on the decelerated ship hull are determined by taking into account the effect of shallow water. Hydrodynamic memory effects on the transient hull motions are modeled by application of an impulse response technique. The ship hull is modeled as an elastic beam to determine the structural response in the form of flexural and longitudinal stress waves caused by the transient ground reaction and hydrodynamic forces. A number of numerical analysis results are presented for a VLCC running aground. The results include bow trajectory in the seabed, time variation of the grounding force, and the maximum values of the sectional shear forces and bending moments in the hull girder.     

动态刚度阵法在船体总振动计算中的应用

采用动态刚度阵法计算船体总振动的固有频率.该方法不但能简化计算模型,而且能获得较高精度的高阶固有频率.首先通过直接求解等直Timoshenko梁单元的运动微分方程,导出考虑剪切变形和转动惯量影响的平面梁单元动态刚度阵的解析表达形式;其次采用Wittrick-Williams算法结合二分法求解特征值;最后采用本方法计算299 500DWT超大型油船船体总振动的固有频率,并分别与一维梁有限元法和三维全船有限元法计算结果以及实测值进行比较,验证了方法的精确性和有效性.     

A study on flow field around full ship forms in maneuvering motion

To estimate the maneuvering ability of a ship, an accurate estimation of the hydrodynamic forces and moment acting on the ship's hull is indispensable. For the purpose of developing a numerical method of computing the viscous flow field around a hull and evaluating its validity, the hydrodynamic pressure on the hull and the velocity field were measured. Two full ship models with different hull forms in the aft part were used for the experiment. From the results of pressure measurements, the distribution of hydrodynamic lateral forces was obtained. The simulation method is a numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equation based on a finitevolume method and applied to the maneuvering motion. The measured and computed results agree qualitatively well, and the method is a valuable tool for estimating the maneuvering ability of a ship. The typical characteristics of the flow field in the steady turning condition are revealed by the numerical simulation, and the mechanism of the relations between hull form, flow field, and hydrodynamic forces are clarified.Translation and combination of articles that appeared in the Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, vols. 176, 177, 179 (1994–1996): The original article won the SNAJ prize, which is awarded annually to the best papers selected from the SNAJ Journal, JMST, or other quality journals in the field of naval architecture and ocean engineering.This work was conducted as part of the joint SR221 project supported by JSRA (Shipbuilding Research Association of Japan). The authors express their sincere gratitude to the persons concerned, and especially to M. Kanai, S. Eguchi, S. Usami, K. Tatsumi, and T. Kawamura.     

江海直达船船型特征及设计要点探讨

分析江海直达运输现状,阐述江海直达船的船型特征,以珠江水系3 000 t级双尾鳍型江海直达货轮为例,就设计规范的适用、主尺度及船型系数确定、船型特征等要点问题进行探讨,完成方案设计.     

Dynamic response of a surface ship structure subjected to an underwater explosion bubble

Bubble load in a noncontact underwater explosion can cause the ship hull global response and local response. In current literature, the ship hull is usually simplified as a hull girder to analyze its global response. However, literature dealt with the local response of a 3-D surface ship hull subjected to an underwater bubble were limited. This investigation develops a procedure which couples the finite element method with doubly asymptotic approximation (DAA) method to study the problem of transient responses of a ship hull structure subjected to an underwater explosion bubble. Using a 3-D ship model as examples, the global and local responses of the ship model in vertical, transverse and longitudinal directions are performed in detail. The acceleration, velocity and displacement time histories are presented. The characteristics of both the global and local responses of the ship model are discussed. The numerical results show that besides global whipping response, the ship hull also sustains severe local responses in different directions subjected to underwater explosion bubble jetting, which should be taken into consideration.     

Underwater acoustic field and pressure fluctuation on ship hull due to unsteady propeller sheet cavitation

The main objective of this paper is to develop an efficient numerical method which can predict the underwater acoustic field and pressure fluctuation on a ship hull due to unsteady propeller sheet cavitation by linear acoustic theory. In addition, the noise scattered from the ship hull and reflected from the free surface are included. Concerning the computation of the acoustic field induced by unsteady sheet cavitation and forces of a marine propeller, a method is derived without making any approximation about the distance function between the noise source and field point. Thus, this method can be used to predict acoustic pressure at both far and near fields, and this is very important for the scattering problem because the ship hull is located very close to the propeller. For the computation of the scattering problem, a more efficient and robust method is derived in time domain, which can treat multi-frequency waves scattered from underwater obstacles. The acoustic fields of a container ship radiated by the propeller and scattered from the ship hull with free surface is investigated in this paper. The pressure fluctuations of low blade rate on the ship hull induced by the propeller are also computed by the present method and are found to be similar to the results obtained by a panel method satisfying the Laplace equation for the points near the propeller due to the small retarding time. However, for the points on the ship hull away from the propeller, the differences of the results between two methods will increase.     

船行波对直立岸壁的作用研究

以Wigley数学船型为对象,采用传统的一阶Rankine源面元方法,对在浅水情况下的Wigley单体船、双体船以及三体船的艉浪进行数值计算,并用得到的浅水船行波对岸壁的作用力进行计算,结果表明该方法有一定的可行性。     

基于B样条的三维船体水动力数值计算

本文采用基于B样条的一种新的数值方法计算三维船体水动力，用B样条函数表达三维船体表面的几何形状以及流场中未知物理量的分布，为了验证该数值方法的可行性和精确度首先对处于无限流体域中的圆球体绕流问题进行了计算；其次计算了由ITTC所推荐的Wigley船型的兴波阻力以及以一攻角斜航时的操纵水动力；最后在一些假设下对两船作平行航行时的干扰水动力作了相应计算工作。数值计算结果与其它试验或理论结果在定量或定性上吻合良好。     

浅吃水肥大型船的尾部线型研究

从分析船舶尾部伴流场对船舶阻力推进,操纵及船体振动性能等影响的观点,研究尾部三维伴流场,介绍尾型与伴流场之间关系及非对称双尾鳍船型的形成。非对称双尾鳍船型与优选的常规双尾鳍船型模型的阻力,自航及伴流场等比较试验结果表明,非对称双尾鳍船具有两大优点,首先,该船型能在浆前方产生一个与外旋浆旋向相反的预旋流,在保持了优良阻力性能前提下可提高外旋浆推进效率8％,获得阻力,推进,操纵各性能间的最佳配合,第二,轴向伴流分布比较均匀,满足BSRA5项衡准指标,改善了螺旋浆工作的流场条件,减少了螺旋浆产生空泡及其诱导船体激振的危险,使节能与减振得到统一,最后还介绍了该船型首制船“宁安1号”的实船测试结果及其由船模试验预报实船性能的一致性。