船体梁极限强度计算中的曲板“硬角”属性

为了解决极限强度计算时曲板能否作为硬角单元的问题,从曲板屈曲的规范公式出发,讨论曲板屈曲与几何参数的关系。采用非线性有限元程序对具有不同初始缺陷的多组曲板进行极限强度计算,研究初始缺陷对曲板极限屈曲强度的影响。依据是否发生屈曲,给出判定曲板归属硬角单元的判据。     

考虑失稳模态型初始缺陷的加筋板极限强度分析

加筋板是船体结构的重要组成部分。采用一阶屈曲分析得到的加筋板失稳模态以局部变形为主,按一阶屈曲模态引入的初始缺陷不能很好反映船体甲板结构的整体缺陷,为了进一步推广高等分析法在船舶与海洋结构物中的应用,本文提出一种能反映船体整层甲板、舱段乃至全船结构整体缺陷分布的失稳模态型初始缺陷引入方式。采用有限元软件Ansys,对加筋板不同初始缺陷形态下的极限强度进行分析并与试验结果对比,验证了引入失稳模态型初始缺陷在加筋板极限强度计算中的可行性与有效性。有限元计算结果表明,与采用一阶屈曲型初始缺陷相比,采用失稳模态型初始缺陷得到的加筋板极限强度更低,更能保证结构的安全性。考虑失稳模态型初始缺陷,对31个单一参数变量加筋板进行极限强度分析。计算结果表明,在合理范围内增高加强筋是提高加筋板极限强度的最有效手段。     

组合压载下金属折叠式夹层板的后屈曲极限强度分析

金属夹层板以优异的力学性能已应用于实船。本文根据与加筋板重量相当原则,设计一种金属折叠式夹层板结构,考虑其应用于舰船甲板的受力特性,采用非线性有限元方法,研究夹层板结构在不同组合载荷作用下的非线性后屈曲极限强度。首先通过与经验公式及相关结果对比验证了本文数值仿真方法和技术的可行性和准确性;然后建立双向面内受压和垂向载荷作用下的金属折叠式夹层板结构数值模型,基于屈曲特征值确定屈曲极限强度分析的初始缺陷;考虑结构初始缺陷,计算得到夹层板结构的后屈曲极限强度;对金属折叠式夹层板在不同组合载荷作用下的横向、纵向后屈曲极限承载能力进行计算分析;并与传统加筋结构对比,结果显示本文设计的金属折叠式夹层板结构具有更优异的稳定性和极限承载力,结果对金属夹层板的应用与强度设计提供参考。     

夹层板面内连接结构力学性能数值仿真分析

夹层板连接结构始终制约着夹层板在船体结构中的大规模应用。为推进夹层板连接结构的研究设计,以夹层板面内连接结构为研究对象,研究面内连接结构屈服强度、稳定性、极限强度分析的力学模型,然后从建模方式、单元类型、网格尺寸、加载速率、初始缺陷等多个方面研究面内连接结构力学性能数值仿真分析技术。通过研究确定:采用Shell-Shell-Contact建模方式,可以提高计算效率和计算精度;网格尺寸的选取应以计算资源作为主要考虑因素;可采用小尺寸板条模型研究极限强度,加载时间为5~10 T(T为结构固有周期)范围内可提高计算效率和计算精度;施加5%板壳厚度的初始缺陷,可在极限抗压能力分析时引导结构进入一阶屈曲模态。     

船体总纵极限弯矩计算的一种简化方法及程序开发

本文提出了船体总纵极限弯矩计算的一种简化方法，并据此开发了程序-UStrength。本文的简化方法考虑残余应力，初始变形和侧向载荷对板和板格弯曲屈曲性能的影响；考虑侧向载荷对加强筋扭转屈曲的影响；提出了硬角单元的一种新模型。使用所开发的程序对若干箱形梁模型、Dow的1/3缩尺护卫舰模型和Energy Concentra-tion号VLCC油船进行了比较。符合得较好。     

复合材料船体纵向极限承载能力分析

该文利用梁柱理论推导出复合材料梁柱的极限承载能力公式，讨论了加筋板的初始几何缺陷，载荷偏心，蒙皮屈曲后的有效蒙皮宽度对复合材料长帽形加筋板的极限承载能力的影响。利用复合材料梁柱理论计算船体甲板或船底板结构视加筋板单元构件的极限承载能力，最后由Smith法来计算复合材料船体的极限承载能力。     

压缩与剪切联合载荷作用下矩形板格的极限强度分析

当船舶在波浪中航行时，一般认为为船体结构基本单元的矩形板处于联合载荷作用之下，为了评估板单元在这种情况下的极限强度，讨论了矩形板在压缩与剪切应力联合作用下的特性。该研究分三步进行；第一步是运用伽辽金（Galerkin)法对板进行弹性屈曲分析；第二步是在材料刚塑性的假定下进行塑性破坏分析；第三步是综合弹、塑性分析的结果，进行极限强度分析。在整个分析中，对压缩与剪切应力在联合载荷中所占比例的不同情况进行了计算，而且还考虑了初始缺陷对于极限强度的影响。     

中心穿透裂纹板在复杂载荷作用下的剩余极限强度分析

为了深入研究复杂载荷作用下的含中心穿透裂纹板的剩余极限强度,利用弹塑性有限元分析方法对现有的具有中心穿透裂纹板进行了双向拉伸载荷下的极限拉伸强度分析,得到了与实验结果比较吻合的结果;系列有限元计算结果表明,结构剩余极限强度随有效裂纹长度的增大而线性降低,并推导了具有较高精度的极限拉伸强度计算公式;最后对轴向压缩载荷作用下的具有初始挠度的中心穿透裂纹板进行了剩余极限强度分析,分析了裂纹参数和结构初始缺陷对其相对剩余极限强度的影响.计算结果表明,此时结构的剩余极限强度主要取决于结构中存在的初始缺陷的大小.     

焊接初始缺陷对海洋平台横撑极限强度的影响

为了研究焊接初始缺陷对海洋平台结构极限强度的影响,采用热弹塑性有限元法对不同焊接顺序下半潜式海洋平台横撑结构的焊接过程进行模拟,获得横撑结构的焊接残余应力和变形。在此基础上,采用Riks法计算含焊接初始缺陷的横撑结构的轴向压缩极限强度。结果表明:在2种焊接顺序下,横撑结构的纵向构件发生局部屈曲时的压缩载荷相差约11%,含焊接初始缺陷的横撑结构的屈曲压缩载荷比无缺陷的横撑结构小约18.45%;由于该结构整体的刚度较大,焊接初始缺陷和焊接顺序对横撑结构最终极限强度的影响较小。     

复合材料夹层板架结构在组合载荷作用下的极限强度研究

随着复合材料船舶建造尺寸越来越大,结构极限强度评估具有重要意义。本文基于后屈曲理论,通过渐进失效分析方法对复合材料夹层板架结构在组合载荷作用下的极限强度展开研究。首先通过与相关复合材料层合板试验及数值仿真结果进行对比,验证了本文渐进失效分析方法的准确性。然后,以复合材料夹层板架结构作为船舶上层建筑并考虑其受力特性,对具有初始缺陷且在轴向和侧向压力同时作用下的复杂受力状态的夹层板架结构进行计算,得到夹层板架结构的首层失效强度以及最终承载能力,并对失效位置做出预报。     

Effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames of bulk carriers (2nd Report)—Lateral-distortional buckling and local face buckling

Pitting corrosion is typical corrosion observed on coated hold frames of bulk carriers which exclusively carry coal and iron ore. In order to secure the safety of these types of bulk carriers, it is important to understand the effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames.

In order to investigate this effect, a series of 4- and 3-point bend tests on structural models which consist of web, shell and face plates has been carried out. Artificial pitting was created on the web plate to simulate pitting. In the 4-point bend tests, two equal concentrated loads have been applied vertically at the one-third points of simply supported models so that compression load due to bending would act on the face plate. In this testing condition, lateral-distortional buckling occurred before reaching the ultimate strength and local buckling of the face plate was observed after reaching the ultimate strength. The effect of web plate pitting on the lateral-distortional buckling strength was found to be small but the ultimate strength decreases with increase in the degree of pitting intensity. In the 3-point bend tests, concentrated load has been applied vertically at the center of simply supported models so that compression load due to bending would act on the face plate. In this testing condition, local face buckling occurred just after reaching the ultimate strength. The ultimate strength is found to be decreasing with increase in the degree of pitting intensity.

A series of non-linear FE analyses has been performed to simulate the deformation behavior observed in the tests. It has been revealed that even in the case of randomly distributed pitting corrosion the ultimate strength of the structural models was almost the same as that of the structural models with uniform corrosion corresponding to the average thickness loss.     

复杂载荷作用下船体板格屈曲强度计算公式研究

分析复杂载荷作用下船体板格结构屈曲强度的影响因素,基于ANSYS软件APDL模块参数化建模,对这些因素进行相关性分析,排除无关参数,保留有关参数,得到屈曲强度的定性表达式。然后变更有关参数,得到不同的有限元模型,通过计算得到不同模型下的屈曲强度,分析大量数据,最终得到屈曲强度的定量表达式。该公式可以在工程上用于复杂载荷作用下船体板格结构的屈曲评估,具有重要的实用价值。     

中心斜裂纹矩形薄板的极限断裂强度分析

对具有中心穿透斜裂纹在弹性断裂和完全塑性断裂两种破坏模式下的断裂强度进行了分析.在弹性破坏模式下,利用应变能密度因子准则对不同的裂纹倾斜角和不同的矩形板长宽比对斜裂纹的初始扩展角度的影响进行了数值计算和讨论.对于延性材料的完全塑性断裂模式,利用弹塑性有限元对不同裂纹倾斜角下的矩形板的极限拉伸强度进行了分析,并对中心穿透裂纹拉伸强度简化计算公式进行了考虑裂纹倾斜角度的修正.     

Compartment level progressive collapse analysis of lightweight ship structures

The continued development of large high speed ships, often constructed from aluminium alloy, has raised important issues regarding the response of lightweight hull girders under primary hull girder bending. In particular, the response of lightly framed panels in compression may be influenced by overall panel buckling over several frame spaces. Therefore, to provide improved ultimate strength prediction for lightweight vessels, an extended progressive collapse methodology is proposed. The method has capabilities to predict the strength of a lightweight aluminium midship section including compartment level buckling modes. Nonlinear finite element analysis is used to validate the extended progressive collapse methodology.     

含凹陷损伤FPSB典型加筋板剩余极限强度研究

本文选取一型FPSB典型加筋板结构,在考虑初始缺陷的情况下采用非线性元法,通过对比研究,选定了(1/2 1 1/2)的加筋板模型以及合适的边界条件、网格尺寸。分别研究了三种不同凹陷形状对加筋板极限强度的影响,选定了以弧形凹坑为主要研究对象的凹陷形式。分别研究了凹陷损伤加筋板随凹痕深度、凹痕长度、凹痕宽度、凹痕位置变化时结构在单轴受压情况下的极限强度变化情况。本文的计算结果可对此型FPSB加筋板结构在凹陷损伤后的极限强度评估提供一定的参考。     

基于J积分的含裂纹加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度计算

为研究含裂纹加筋板的极限拉伸强度,本文建立一系列不同长细比、不同裂纹长度、不同裂纹位置的含裂纹加筋板有限元模型,并基于J积分理论对其在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度进行了计算。结果发现含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随加筋板长细比的增大略有减小,但减小的程度并不明显;含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随裂纹长度的增大而减小,且减小的幅度逐渐增大;加强筋上的裂纹对含裂纹加筋板极限强度的影响小于底板上的裂纹,而裂纹同时出现在底板和加强筋上时对含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度的影响最大。表明含贯穿型裂纹的加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的剩余强度对加筋板长细比不敏感,而对裂纹长度较为敏感。     

Experimental and numerical investigations of the ultimate torsional strength of an ultra large container ship

Structures of ultra large container ships (ULCS) are characterized by large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. It is essential to comprehensively figure out their collapse behaviors under pure torsion with both model experiments and numerical simulations, making an evaluation of their ultimate torsional strength. In this paper, a similar scale model of a 10,000TEU container ship has been designed and manufactured first, in which both geometric similarity and strength similarity are taken into account. Next the collapse behaviors of the test model are detailedly illustrated with both experimentally and numerically obtained results. Then discussions on warping or shear buckling deformations involved in the collapse process of the structure are conducted with extended numerical simulations. Finally, the ultimate torsional strength of the true ship is evaluated according to the similarity theory. Results show that it is the yielding and shear buckling of the side shells that causes the failure of the hull girder under pure torsion. Further nonlinear finite element analysis demonstrates that it may either have warping or shear buckling deformations in the torsional collapse process of the hull girder with a large deck opening, depending on the local rigidity distribution of side shells, which has a significant effect on the ultimate torsional strength of the hull girder.     

Collapase analysis of ship hulls

This paper presents an efficient finite element procedure for the collapse analysis of ship hulls under complicated loads. A set of finite elements, such as beam-column elements, stiffened plate elements, and shear panel elements are developed, directly accounting for the geometrical and material non-linearities and initial imperfections.

Elastic-plastic stiffness matrices for elements have been derived by combining elastic large displacement analysis theories with a plastic hinge model. The buckling and post-buckling behaviour of plates is included using an effective width concept. The procedure is effective, since few mode-points are necessary and numerical integration for evaluating stiffness matrices is avoided. Fracture mechanics criteria are introduced in order to account for tension tearing rupture and brittle failure of the material.

Practical applications to ultimate longitudinal strength analysis of ship hulls and tanker collision analysis are presented. The procedure can also be used for collapse analysis of offshore and onshore structures.     

屈强比对裂纹板极限强度的影响

工程上很重要的具有小裂纹板的极限强度却没有得到研究者的重视。文章首先对不同屈强比具有中心穿透裂纹的板进行了系列弹塑性有限元计算,结果表明板的极限强度随裂纹长度的衰减趋势可以分为两个阶段,而这两个阶段的范围并不是固定的,它们与板材的屈强比有着密切的联系。然后详细讨论了双向加载对裂纹板极限强度的影响,并对这些现象进行了合理解释。最后对这些计算结果进行了回归得到经验计算公式并将公式计算结果与实验结果及有限元结果进行比较,表明文中提出的公式具有较好的精度。