计及侧向载荷作用的纵骨梁柱多跨失稳载荷-端缩曲线确定方法

针对现有船体梁极限承载能力计算的Smith法不能计及侧向载荷作用的问题,本文提出了一种考虑侧向载荷作用下板架变形的纵骨梁柱失稳的屈曲载荷计算模型和方法,推导了计及侧向压力对板架影响的纵骨梁柱屈曲载荷-端缩曲线公式。进行了纵向与侧向载荷共同作用下三个板架的极限承载力计算,分析讨论了侧向载荷、板架参数等对纵骨梁柱屈曲极限强度的影响规律。应用本文方法编制了考虑侧向荷载作用的船体梁极限强度程序,进行了实船的计算和对比分析。     

双向受压裂纹板剩余极限强度分析

[目的]船舶在航行过程中船底板等船体结构除了受到纵向弯曲应力以及舷侧外板传递的横向水压力载荷影响外,还因焊接及应力集中容易产生裂纹,使船体结构的承载能力降低。为此,[方法]通过数值计算,研究双向受压载荷作用下含中心裂纹船体板的剩余极限强度。首先,提出计算含裂纹船体板剩余极限强度的参数化函数模型;然后,计算和分析影响其强度的因素,如裂纹长度、倾角和船体板细长比、长宽比以及横纵载荷比,并提出倾斜裂纹的有效投影长度参数;最后,基于计算结果,拟合得到双向受压载荷作用下含中心裂纹船体板的剩余极限强度计算公式。[结果]结果表明,运用计算公式得到的结果具有较高的精度,[结论]可用于对实船上含中心裂纹船底板纵向极限承载能力的计算分析。     

基于局部横向强度要求的船舶侧向承载板厚度设计研究

液体的压强作用一直是船体外板、液舱舱壁等位置板厚设计的主要考虑因素之一,且可归结为局部板格在侧向载荷作用下不屈服的安全衡准问题。结合理论分析及非线性有限元数值计算,对于受侧向载荷作用的局部板格极限强度的影响,探讨了包括边界条件、大挠度问题及相应的薄膜效应等各种影响因素,论证了一种优化的受侧向载荷作用的船体板厚约束设计公式,该公式经济适用且安全。整个探讨过程为船体结构规范的进一步完善提出了建议。     

基于复变函数解法的桁材开孔腹板弹性屈曲分析

在船体梁总纵弯矩作用下,位于甲板和船底的纵桁承受着较大的轴向压力,而桁材腹板上的开孔将影响腹板结构的屈曲强度。腰圆形是桁材腹板开孔的常见形状,带这种开孔的板格屈曲计算是难以获得弹性屈曲解析解的,目前常用的算法是基于有限元的特征值屈曲分析。本文综合运用复变函数方法和Ritz法,形成了一种新的计算方法,它可以在较粗的背景网格下得到足够准确的弹性屈曲载荷。通过系统的敏感性计算对比,此方法的可用性得到了验证。     

加筋板格高级屈曲分析技术研究及软件开发

文章给出了基于弹性大挠度理论和刚塑性分析的加筋板格高级屈曲分析方法(EPM),该方法包括五种失效模式,即正交加筋板格整体屈曲、纵向加筋子板格整体屈曲、纵向加筋和带板的局部屈曲或屈服、纵向加筋的侧倾以及全部屈服,可以考虑初始挠度和残余应力的影响以及双向压缩和侧向载荷的联合作用。以EPM方法为核心开发了加筋板格高级屈曲分析软件系统,包括任务管理、数据输入、屈曲分析、结果查看、能力曲线和文件分析等六个模块。为验证EPM方法的精度进行了系列纵向加筋和正交加筋板格试验模型的比较计算,并计算了四种典型加筋板格的双向应力能力曲线,与板格极限状态分析（PULS）软件和协调共同结构规范（HCSR）方法进行了比较分析。结果表明EPM方法可以分析联合载荷等因素对加筋板格极限强度的影响,文中开发的软件系统可用于加筋板格高级屈曲分析。     

圆筒形生活平台总体强度分析

参考挪威船级社海工规范要求,分析平台极限载荷状态下的总体结构强度.应用海工规范公式对主船体结构中的板和筋进行规范校核,对主船体双层壳内的环形梁进行屈服和局部屈曲的强度校核,对大的板架结构开展针对各种屈曲类型的校核,结果表明,该生活平台在目标海况下的结构承载能力满足船级社的规范要求.     

船体板和加筋板的屈曲及极限强度研究综述

船体板和加筋板的屈曲及极限强度是船舶结构强度设计的重要内容,近年来研究成果颇丰,为了能够更方便地对其展开学习和研究,对近十几年来国内外钢质船体板和加筋板的屈曲及极限强度研究进展进行综述。主要叙述了静态加载范畴下的研究现状,分别按照试验法、数值计算法、解析法和综合性方法 4种不同研究方法,对完整结构和含有开口、裂纹、腐蚀、凹痕几种不同损伤的非完整结构,在承受单一载荷或联合载荷作用下的极限强度研究成果进行系统的概述,并介绍加筋板低周疲劳和动力屈曲的研究必要性和部分研究成果,讨论各研究方法的优劣性,对一些重要的定性研究结论进行汇总,指出6个需要进一步展开研究的问题。     

四边刚性固定矩形板塑性设计公式

由于船体结构在轮压、冰载等作用下板厚采用塑性设计,需要求得塑性阶段解答,Lin Hong和J?rgen Amdahl提出了针对四边刚性固定,承受部分均布横向载荷矩形板的“双钻式”失效模型。为进一步提高“双钻式”模型的适用性,本文采用非线性有限元方法,通过变化板厚以及载荷作用区域的大小等因素,对Lin Hong等人“双钻式”失效模式下的塑性设计公式进行了拟合修正,得到了适用于求解冰载荷作用下船体板结构塑性阶段载荷变形关系的计算公式,该公式可用于冰载荷下船舶舷侧板的强度校核。     

基于共同规范的散货船屈曲强度评估

依据散货船共同结构规范的要求对某散货船船中区域主要结构进行屈曲强度直接计算,重点分析其屈曲强度,对不满足屈曲强度要求的板格进行加强,结果表明,共同规范对船体结构的要求更高。     

基于有限元分析的大型豪华邮轮船型研究

为找出初期大型豪华邮轮船体造型中存在的缺陷,提出基于有限元分析的大型豪华邮轮船体造型研究方法。以某大型豪华邮轮资料实施对标分析构建船体有限元模型,选取四节点减缩积分板单元S4R划分网格,依照相关标准在模型内引入初始几何缺陷。将不同的工况与载荷加载至船体有限元模型上,并设定相应的边界条件,在此基础上分析船体造型的应力与相对变形情况。结果显示：研究对象受整体纵弯矩包络线载荷影响,底部甲板中间区域形成较大面积无法满足应力标准的区域;受整体纵剪力包络线载荷影响,部分强框架局部区域产生的应力变化不符合相关标准;外底板与内底板结构的屈曲应力成分主要为短边受压应力,随甲板高度提升,板格屈曲应力成分从短边受压应力转换成剪切应力。     

Ultimate collapse tests of stiffened-plate ship structural units

An increasingly popular approximate method for assessing ship hull girder ultimate strength is to combine the individual elasto-plastic load-carrying characteristics of each single stiffened-plate unit comprising the ship hull cross section. In order to evaluate methods (numerical and experimental) for developing the load-carrying characteristics (load–shortening curves), a full-scale testing system was designed and constructed to provide data for stiffened steel plate units under combined axial and lateral loads. The system included an assembly of discrete plate edge restraints that were developed to represent symmetric boundary conditions within a grillage system. Twelve full-scale panels including ‘as-built’, ‘deformed’ and ‘damaged’ specimens were tested in this set-up.

The specimens failed by combined plate and flexural buckling, stiffener tripping or local collapse, depending on the magnitude of lateral loads and local damage. Load-shortening curves associated with different failure modes were found to be distinctly different and it was found that a small lateral load could change the failure mode from flexural buckling to tripping. Current design criteria should directly consider effects of the lateral loads on the failure modes and the collapse loads of stiffened plates.     

Assessment of IACS-CSR implicit safety levels for buckling strength of stiffened panels for double hull tankers

The present study aims at applying structural reliability methods to assess the implicit safety levels of the buckling strength requirements for longitudinal stiffened panels implemented in the IACS Common Structural Rules (CSR) for double hull oil tankers. The buckling strength requirements considered are used in the initial stage of the hull girder scantlings’ design to control the buckling capacity of longitudinal stiffened panels subjected to the compressive loads induced by the hull girder vertical bending. The following buckling collapse failure modes are explicitly considered in the design formulation: uniaxial buckling of the plating between stiffeners, column buckling of stiffeners with attached plating and lateral-torsional buckling or tripping of stiffeners.The paper presents the procedure used to assess the implicit safety levels of the strength requirements for the three buckling collapse failure modes above mentioned, which includes the optimization of the scantlings of the plate panels and longitudinal stiffeners in order to reflect the minimum strength required by the formulation. A first order reliability formulation is adopted, and stochastic models proposed in the literature are used to quantify the uncertainty in the relevant design variables. A sample of five oil tankers representative of the range of application of the IACS-CSR design rules is considered. The effect of corrosion in the implicit safety levels is quantified based on the three corrosion levels of the Net Thickness Approach (NTA) adopted in the design rules. Sensitivity analyses are also performed to quantify the relative contribution or importance of each design random variable to the implicit safety levels.     

Numerical investigation on the ultimate strength behaviour and assessment of continuous hull plate under combined biaxial cyclic loads and lateral pressure

The ultimate strength of continuous hull plate under combined biaxial cyclic loads and lateral pressure is investigated in the present paper by using nonlinear finite element method. Geometric nonlinearity due to large deflection and material nonlinearity induced by kinematic hardening and isotropic hardening are both accounted for. A parametric study is designed and completed to examine the longitudinal ultimate compressive strength behaviours in the cycles on the basis of a large number of load-shortening curves. Effects of series of parameters especially the plate slenderness ratio, transverse cyclic compression, lateral pressure and cycle number are analyzed with details. It is found that the strength characteristic and collapse mode are highly affected by the coupling influence of the mentioned factors as well material behaviours. A dimensionless unified formulation as a function of the decisive factors is empirically proposed to accurately assess the ultimate strength of continuous hull plate in various cycles.     

船体梁极限强度计算中的曲板“硬角”属性

为了解决极限强度计算时曲板能否作为硬角单元的问题,从曲板屈曲的规范公式出发,讨论曲板屈曲与几何参数的关系。采用非线性有限元程序对具有不同初始缺陷的多组曲板进行极限强度计算,研究初始缺陷对曲板极限屈曲强度的影响。依据是否发生屈曲,给出判定曲板归属硬角单元的判据。     

基于设计波的载重3600t干货船结构强度直接计算分析

为准确评估超规范的载重3600t大通舱干货船的弯扭强度及变形水平,采取全船水动力分析及全船有限元直接计算的方法,对各工况下的主要载荷参数进行长期预报,推导出对应等效设计波各参数。根据等效设计波求出各工况全船所受的波浪诱导动载荷,施加到全船有限元模型上,进而对船体弯扭强度及变形水平进行评估。比较了单舱船及货舱中部设一道横舱壁的两舱船,得出单舱船屈曲强度不足的结论,并提出改善屈曲强度的方案。     

Research on the dynamic buckling of a typical deck grillage structure subjected to in-plane impact Load

The dynamic buckling of the main deck grillage would result in the total collapse of the ship hull subjected to a far-filed underwater explosion. This dynamic buckling is mainly due to the dynamic moment of the ship hull when the ship hull experiences a sudden movement under impact load from the explosion. In order to investigate the ultimate strength of a typical deck grillage under quasi-static and dynamic in-plane compressive load, a structure model, in which the real constrained condition of the deck grillage was taken into consideration, was designed and manufactured. The quasi-static ultimate strength and damage mode of the deck grillage under in-plane compressive load was experimentally investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to predict the ultimate strength of the deck grillage subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load, and was validated by comparing the results from experimental tests and numerical simulations. In addition, the numerical simulations of dynamic buckling of the same model under in-plane impact load was performed, in which the influences of the load amplitude and the frequency of dynamic impact load, as well as the initial stress and deflection induced by wave load on the ultimate strength and failure mode were investigated. The results show that the dynamic buckling mode is quite different from the failure mode of the structure subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load. The displacements of deck edge in the vertical direction and the axial displacements are getting larger with the decrease of impact frequency. Besides, it is found that the dynamic buckling strength roughly linearly decreased with the increase of initial proportion of the static ultimate strength P₀. The conclusions drawn from the researches of this paper would help better designing of the ship structure under impact loads.     

基于完整船体极限强度和搁浅剩余强度的协调共同结构规范对比分析

文章基于Smith法,根据国际船级社协会发布的2013版协调共同结构规范(HCSR)中破损模型、失效模式和载荷模型,考虑材料屈服、结构单元屈曲及后屈曲的特性,应用FORTRAN程序设计语言编写船体极限强度计算程序,以某76000吨散货船为算例,对完整船体的极限强度进行计算,对搁浅状态下破损船体的剩余强度进行计算并校核承载能力。通过在中拱和中垂工况下与其他规范的对比验证,2013版HCSR指定的剩余强度校核公式及船体梁载荷计算公式中选取的安全系数要求更高,校核更严格。     

A comparative study on the hull strength of a ship with thin-walled box girders

1 Introduction1 The permanent aim is that the ship designers try to optimize the ship structure to improve the strength of hull. The traditional design of ship structure avoiding damage is involved with many transverse bulkheads set up in the ship in orde…     

考虑腐蚀损伤的FPSO船体结构强度LC演变特性

在建立全船有限元模型的基础上,基于腐蚀模型完成各服役年限模型的更新,并使用自主开发的软件,依据规范,对浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)船体结构进行屈服强度与屈曲强度的直接计算。结果表明,在生命周期(Life Cycle,LC)内各年限船体结构强度计算结果均满足规范值。受腐蚀损伤影响,FPSO船体结构的屈服利用因子与屈曲利用因子逐渐增加;随服役时间增加,二者增长趋势逐渐加快。研究结果对FPSO的设计、维护与延寿具有一定的参考价值。     

潜器耐压液舱结构有限元分析

应用有限元方法对纵骨式耐压液舱结构进行系列计算,通过多参数多工况方案对比分析,详细讨论了耐压壳板半径、液舱壳板半径、耐压船体壳板板厚、液舱壳板板厚、相邻实肋板间距、相邻纵骨间距等参数对液舱壳板和耐压船体壳板结构强度和稳定性的影响,研究结果可供潜器耐压液舱结构设计参考,并为进一步完善耐压液舱结构的理论计算方法提供依据。