H.264/AVC快速帧间编码算法

基于率失真优化的H.264/AVC帧间宏块编码模式,需要对10种模式进行率失真优化计算才能得到一个宏块的最优编码模式,这种宏块的最优编码模式是以巨大计算复杂度为代价的.为了降低计算复杂度,在实验统计了各种宏块编码模式在不同QCIF视频序列中所占的比例及分析各种编码模式的适用性情况下,提出了一种快速帧间编码算法,它采用优先判断SKIP模式和图像纹理相结合的方法,在基于H.264/AVC测试模型JM7.6上的仿真试验表明,所提出的快速算法,在基本保持图像质量和码率基本不变的情况下,可以有效提高编码速度.     

Fast Mode Decision Method Based on Historical Information for H.264/AVC

Mode decision based on rate-distortion optimization algorithm brings high compression efficiency to H.264/AVC. However, heavy computation load is also added to the encoder at the same time. In order to reduce the computation burden of mode decision, this paper presented a fast mode decision method based on mode information of the previously coded frame. Moreover, all coding modes were activated when scene change occurs and a scheme to detect scene change was proposed. The simulation results show that compared to the original encoder, the proposed method achieves a reduction of over 38% encoding time and keeps almost the same PSNR and bitrate for a wide range of quantization parameter.     

基于端到端失真优化的无线视频联合编码方案

在无线视频传输环境端到端失真分析的基础上,针对H.264视频流建立了一种新的端到端失真模型.在使用LDPC信道编码方式与该失真分析模型的基础上,提出了一种基于端到端失真优化的联合信源信道编码方案.该方案根据当前无线信道的信噪比与信道带宽等状态信息,自适应地调节信源编码量化参数和信道编码码率,使端到端失真最小.实验结果表明,与固定码率编码相比,本文提出的联合信源信道编码方案可在不增加带宽的情况下显著提高视频传输质量.     

Joint distortion model for progressive image transmission using error correcting arithmetic codes

A novel joint source channel distortion model was proposed, which can essentially estimate the average distortion in progressive image transmission. To improve the precision of the model, the redundancy generated by a forbidden symbol in the arithmetic codes is used to distinguish the quantization distortion and the channel distortion, all the coefficients from the first error one to the end of the sequence are set to be a value within the variance range of the coefficients instead of zero, then the error propagation coming from the entropy coding can be essentially estimated, which is disregarded in the most conventional joint source channel coding （JSCC） systems. The precision of the model in terms of average peak-signal-to-noise has been improved about 0.5 dB compared to classical works. An efficient unequal error protection system based on the model is developed, and can be used in the wireless communication systems.     

An improved frame-layer bit allocation scheme for H.264/AVC rate control

In this paper, we aim at improving the video quality degradation due to high motions or scene changes. An improved frame-layer bit allocation scheme for H.264/AVC rate control is proposed. First, current frame is pre-encoded in 16×16 modes with a fixed quantization parameter (QP). The frame coding complexity is then measured based on the resulting bits and peak signal-to-ratio (PSNR) in the pre-coding stage. Finally, a bit budgetis calculated for current frame according to its coding complexity and inter-frame PSNR fluctuation, combined with the buffer status. Simulation results show that, in comparison with the H.264 adopted rate control scheme, our method is more efficient to suppress the sharp PSNR drops caused by high motions and scene changes. The visual quality variations in a sequence are also relieved.     

Error Robust H. 264 Video Transmission Schemes Based on Multi-frame

Multi-frame coding is supported by the emerging H. 264. It is important for the enhancement of both coding efficiency and error robustness. In this paper, error resilient schemes for H. 264 based on multi frame were investigated. Error robust H. 264 video transmission schemes were introduced for the applications with and without a feedback channel. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.     

一个高质量的数字音频压缩算法

提出一个具有实时性能的改进型ＲＣＴ算法,并将改进型ＤＣＴ与混合滤波器组相结合,给出了一个高质量音频压缩算法,该算法增加了滤波变换块长度的自适应特性并更接近于人耳的滤波特性。     

提升高精度图像弱目标视觉质量的高效压缩算法

为了实现对高精度图像进行高效压缩,同时确保重建图像的弱目标区域有较好的保真效果,提出了一种提升弱目标区域质量的基于误差优化编码的高精度图像压缩算法. 首先,使用JPEG-LS （joint photographic experts group lossless）压缩算法对图像数据进行压缩,在游程编码过程中自适应地选择需要二次编码的误差数据,并完成了基于视觉质量的非均匀量化;其次,对量化值进行数据分解,去除量化值之间的相关性,并对分解后的数据进行MQ算术编码的熵编码;图像重建时根据量化间隔重建反量化值,并设计了反量化优化和滤波优化过程;最后,将本文算法与JPEG-LS、JPEG2000 （joint photographic experts group 2000）算法进行了性能比较,结果表明:本算法能够实现高精度图像数据的高效压缩,且复杂度低,易于硬件实现,虽然引入了误差数据二次优化编码等过程,但增加编码的数据量较小,故与JPEG-LS算法的压缩速度相当,然而比JPEG2000算法的压缩速度提升4.47倍;同时有效减少了常规算法造成的信息损失,重建图像的峰值信噪比与JPEG-LS、JPEG2000相当或略低,但弱目标区域的视觉质量及保真效果更好.      

基于频域特征的H.264/AVC帧内编码模式快速预测

为降低H．264／AVC帧内预测计算复杂度，提出了基于频域特征的快速帧内编码模式预测算法．首先，对要编码的4×4块进行DCT变换，得到少数的几个DCT系数．然后，通过这几个系数计算块的特征方向和方差．最后，根据特征方向和方差计算最可能的几种预测模式．实验验证了该算法在不牺牲图像质量和压缩效率的基础上将帧内预测的计算复杂度平均降低了67．5％．     

A high-performance low cost inverse integer transform architecture for AVS video standard

A high-performance, low cost inverse integer transform architecture for advanced video standard (AVS) video coding standard was presented. An 8×8 inverse integer transform is required in AVS video system which is compute-intensive. A hardware transform is inevitable to compute the transform for the real-time ap-plication. Compared with the 4×4 transform for H.264/AVC, the 8×8 integer transform is much more complex and the coefficient in the inverse transform matrix Ts is not inerratic as that in H.264/AVC. Dividing the Ts into matrix S8 and R8, the proposed architecture is implemented with the adders and the specific CSA-trees instead of multipliers, which are area and time consuming. The architecture obtains the data processing rate up to 8 pixels per-cycle at a low cost of area. Synthesized to TSMC 0.18 μm COMS process, the architecture attains the operating frequency of 300 MHz at cost of 34 252 gates with a 2-stage pipeline scheme. A reusable scheme is also introduced for the area optimization, which results in the operating frequency of 143 MHz at cost of only 19 758 gates.     

A New MPEG-2 Rate Control Method Based on Model Classification

The paper proposed a new MPEG-2 rate control method that is based on model classification. The macro-blocks are classified according to their prediction errors, and different parameters are used in the rate-quantization and distortion quantization model. The different model parameters are calculated from the previous frame of the same type in the process of coding. These models are used to estimate the relations among rate, distortion and quantization of the current frame. Further steps, such as R-D optimization based quantization adjustment and smoothing of quantization of adjacent macroblocks, are used to improve the quality. The results of the experiments prove that the technique is effective and can be realized easily. The method presented in the paper can be a good way for MPEG rate control.     

The factors analysis and algorithm implementation of single-pattern matching

By studying the algorithms of single pattern matching, five factors that have effect on time complexity of the algorithm are analyzed. The five factors are: sorting the characters of pattern string in an increasing order of using frequency, utilizing already-matched pattern suffix information, utilizing already-matched pattern prefix information, utilizing the position factor which is absorbed from quick search algorithm, and utilizing the continue-skip idea which is originally proposed by this paper. Combining all the five factors, a new single pattern matching algorithm is implemented. It’s proven by the experiment that the efficiency of new algorithm is the best of all algorithms. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 60502032 and 60672068)     

AN EFFICIENT BTC IMAGE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM

IntroductionBlock truncation coding( BTC) [1] is a simple andfast lossy image coding technique,which has theadvantage of being easy to implement comparedto transform coding and vector quantization[2 ] .Its simplicity,performance and channel error re-sisting capability make it attractive in the real-time image transmission.BTC is a one- bit adap-tive moment- preserving quantizer that preservescertain statistical moments of small blocks of theinput image in the quantized output.The origi-nal …     

COLOR IMAGE QUANTIZATION WITH EVOLUTIONARY PROGRAMMING

Introduction　　 The need for quantization of color images isarised because of the limitations of image displayand hardcopy,data storage and data transmissiondevices.The color image quantization is a complexdata clustering problem due to the broad distribu-tion of local optima in the three- dimensional colorspace. Many of the present algorithms for colorquantization find non- optimal solutions,giving riseto visible shifts in color and false contours whenthe number of quantization colors is sma…     

Surface reconstruction of scanned human body using radial basis functions and adaptive partition of unity

It is important to reconstruct a continuous surface representation of the point cloud scanned from a human body. In this paper a new implicit surface method is proposed to reconstruct the human body surface from the points based on the combination of radial basis functions (RBFs) and adaptive partition of unity (PoU). The whole 3D domain of the scanned human body is firstly subdivided into a set of overlapping subdomains based on the improved octrees. The smooth local surfaces are then computed in the subdomains based on RBFs. And finally the global human body surface is reconstructed by blending the local surfaces with the adaptive PoU functions. This method is robust for the surface reconstruction of the scanned human body even with large or non-uniform point cloud which has a sharp density variation. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50575139) and the Shanghai Special Fund of Informatization (No. 088)     

无链表图像感兴趣区域编码算法

针对基于链表实现的感兴趣区域编码算法占用存储资源较多的问题,提出了一种无链表的编码算法.在SPIHT(等级树集合分裂)编码过程中,采用标志位图表示系数和集合的重要件信息;优先编码感兴趣区域,利用队列缓存非感兴趣区域系数和集合信息;编码非感兴趣区域时,从队列中恢复编码所需的重要件信息.编码过程不需要提升感兴趣区域小波系数,能实现感兴趣区域重建质量的精确控制.仿真实验表明,该算法优于提升小波系数的感兴趣区域编码算法;当编码码率为1 bpp(比特/像素)时,其存储需求仅为链表实现的感兴趣区域分离编码算法的1/10.     

Bias current influence on the characteristic of the magnetic-controlled switcher type fault current limiter

A novel magnetic-controlled switcher type fault current limiter (FCL) for high voltage electric network is presented. The current limiting principle of the FCL and the bias current influence on the characteristic of the FCL are discussed. The experiments on the 220 V/50 A test model show that the FCL can limit the fault current swiftly and effectively. Under the normal state, the bias current adjustment can change the FCL voltage loss; under the fault state, the steady fault current can be easily adjusted to the preset level by bias current regulating. The experimental result is in accordance with the principle analysis and the FCL has the advantages of flexible control strategy and simple and reliable structure. Foundation item: the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2005CB221505) and the Research Fund for Doctoral Program of High Education of China (No. 20050248058)     

Code-aided interference suppression in direct sequence spread spectrum systems with eigenvector sign spreading code

For direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication systems suffering interference, it is known that code-aided interference suppression technique outperforms all of the previous linear or nonlinear methods. In this paper, we proposed an improved code-aided technique which can improve the system performance greatly by using the eigenvector sign (EVS) spreading sequence which depends on the statistical characteristics of the interference and the thermal noise. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60772100)     

Fuzzy optimization of storage space allocation in a container terminal

A fuzzy optimization model of storage space allocation is proposed, and a rolling-planning method is derived. The model takes the uncertainty of departure time of import containers and arrival time of export containers into account. For each planning horizon, the problem is decomposed into two levels: the first level minimizes the unbalanced workloads among blocks using hybrid intelligence algorithm; based on block workloads allocated in the above level, the second level minimizes the number of blocks to which the same group of import containers are split. Numerical results show that the model reduces workload imbalance, and speeds up the vessel loading and discharging process.     

Combining Single（Mixed） Metric Approach and Genetic Algorithm for QoS Routing Problem

A hybrid algorithm for the delay constrained least cost path problem is proposed through combination of single(mixed)metric approach and genetic algorithm．Compared with the known genetic algorithm for the same problem，the new algorithm adopts integral coding scheme and new genetic operator，which reduces the search space and improves the efficiency of genetic operation．Meanwhile，the single(mixed)approach accelerates the convergence speed．Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can find near-optimal even optimal solutions within moderate numbers of generations．