共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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在综合考虑地面标记视认试验设计参数的基础上,对地面标记版面颜色、文字字体、字宽、笔划数都给予相关规定,并选择光线明亮的大空间场所,运用行人实地试验的方法,采集行人视认地面标记的数据;运用方差分析或均值检验的分析方法,筛选影响视认距离的因素;采用线性回归拟合出不同身高条件下,地面标记文字高度与视认距离的关系模型,并进行补充试验以验证模型的有效性.结果表明:行人视认距离随着地面标记文字高度的增加而增加,但增加的幅度越来越小.综合以上分析,给出不同视认距离下地面标记文字高度设计推荐值,以便改善地面标记的视认性和有效性. 相似文献
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为保障驾驶员对交通辅助标志的有效视认,运用实验方法,研究辅助标志字高设计.建模分析驾驶员对交通标志信息的视认过程,构建基于车速和字数的交通辅助标志字高模型;设计实验分析交通辅助标志汉字阅读阈限;根据阅读阈限,分别确定门架式和悬臂式两种交通辅助标志在不同速度和字数条件的最小字高要求,并与《道路交通标志和标线(第2部分):道路交通标志》(GB 5768.2-2009)进行比较分析.结果 表明:(1)当辅助标志字数超过7个,不同字数句子的阅读阈限存在显著差异,阅读阈限的增速随字数的增加逐渐提高;(2)交通辅助标志的字高随车速和汉字字数的增加而增加;(3)国标(GB-5768)的字高设定对15字以内的辅助标志适用,对120 km/h道路中16字以上的长标志不满足阅读阈限要求. 相似文献
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逆光条件下交通标志的可视距离研究 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:10
交通标志的视认直接影响行车安全。将眼动仪EMR-8B应用到交通安全研究领域中,从影响交通标志视认性的外部因素出发,以大量的现场行车实验为研究手段,探讨了在不同行车速度下,光线条件对交通标志可视距离的影响。并进行了相关性分析。研究结果表明,交通标志的可视距离随车速的提高而降低;同一实验车速,顺光条件下标志的视认性最佳,其次为夜间反光标志,逆光条件下的标志视认性较差。 相似文献
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At conceptual design stage, beam element is extensively used to create the frame structure of automobile body, which can not only archive the accurate stiffness but also reduce much computational cost. However, the stress definition of beam element is very complex so that the stress sensitivity and optimization are difficult to analytically derive and numerically program. This paper presents an solution to this problem and an application in the lightweight optimization design of automobile frame. Firstly, maximal Von Mises stress of rectangular tube is calculated by using the superposition of stress, which is together induced by the axial force, bending moments, torsional moment and shear force. Secondly, the sensitivity of Von Mises Stress with respect to size design variables: breadth, height and thickness are derived, respectively. Thirdly, an optimal criterion is constructed by Lagrangian multiplier method to solve the frame optimization with stress constraints. Lastly, numerical example of car frame proves that the proposed method can guarantee the stress of each beam element almost fully reaches at the yielding stress. 相似文献
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影响公路土质边坡稳定性的坡形要素主要为坡度、坡高和断面几何形状,文章根据国内外理论研究和公路路基设计规范将每个坡形要素分为若干个水平标准,基于Flac3D建立三维公路边坡模型,讨论三维模型建模尺寸等问题,采用强度折减法计算边坡安全系数,并通过观察塑性区贯通以及边坡整体位移情况分析不同坡形要素与边坡稳定性的变化关系。结果表明:土质边坡稳定性随着坡度的增大、坡高的增大而逐渐减小;当边坡坡高大于8m后需要对其进行分级处理,稳定性随着分级台阶宽度的增大、分级坡率的放缓呈现不同程度的增大。 相似文献
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风吹雪雪害地区公路路基高度的确定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对风吹雪雪害地区不同路基高度的风雪流场的观测与分析,初步掌握了公路路基高度与风雪流场的关系,建立了风吹雪雪害地区不易积雪的合理路基高度的数学模型,为风吹雪雪害地区公路路基高度的合理确定提供了有力的科学依据。 相似文献
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随着时代的发展,汽车贸易出口也在逐步的增加,中国汽车的国际市场实力不容小觑.为了使中国的汽车走出国门,积极地参与竞争,就必须顺应时代的发展,拓展市场宽度. 相似文献
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针对公路罩面导致的路侧波形梁护栏防护高度不足,研究并提出了基于内套管节点加高法的波形梁护栏加高改造方案,该方案可实现护栏随路面升高调节高度。采取HyperMesh和LS-DYNA联合仿真的方式开展了皮卡车、货车的有限元仿真试验对该种加高方案的可行性进行验证。通过对车辆重心加速度、车辆重心速度、车辆驶出角度、护栏最大动态变形量4个指标对护栏的防撞性能进行评价。通过各指标的分析结果以及对加高方案的阻挡功能、缓冲功能、导向功能、吸能作用的综合评价,证明了经过内套管节点加高法改造后的护栏满足B级波形梁护栏标准,适用于我国现行公路旧有波形梁护栏改造。 相似文献
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Q. Fan J. Bian H. Lu L. Li J. Deng 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2012,13(4):523-531
The first firing cycle is very important during cold-start for all types of spark ignition engines. In addition, the combustion characteristics of the first firing cycle affect combustion and emissions in the following cycles. However, the first-cycle fuel-air mixing, combustion and emissions generation within the cylinder of a two-stage direct-injection (TSDI) engine during cold start is not completely understood. Based on the total stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and local richer mixture startup strategy, the first-cycle firing and combustion characteristic at cold start were investigated in a two-stage direct injection (TSDI) gasoline engine. In addition, the effects of the first injection timing, second injection timing, 1st and 2nd fuel injection proportion and total excess air ratio on the in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate and accumulated heat release were analyzed on the basis of a cycle-by-cycle analysis. It is shown that a larger 2nd fuel injection amount and later 2nd injection timing are more beneficial to the firing of the first cycle in the case of a total excess air ratio of 1.0. The optimum 1st and 2nd injection timing fuel injection proportions are 120°CA ATDC during the intake stroke, 60°CA BTDC during the compression stroke and 1:1. In addition, the firing boundary is a 2nd injection timing later than 90°CA BTDC during the compression stroke in the case of the 1st injection timing from 60°CA to 180°CA ATDC during an intake stroke and involves a 1st and 2nd fuel injection proportion of 1:1 and an excess air ratio of 1.0. The study provides a detailed understanding of cold-start combustion characteristics and a guide for optimizing the reliable first-cycle firing at cold start. 相似文献