电动汽车电动轮滚动振动试验台研究

介绍国内外电动汽车电动轮试验设备;针对电动轮的实际工况和研发需求,设计基于电动轮滚动振动一体化测试的试验台,提出将振动与滚动耦合加载的试验方法,为电动轮的试验研究提供参考。     

电动汽车电动轮综合性能试验台的研发综述

电动汽车行业的迅猛发展,使得电动轮及其综合性能试验台架的研发变得至关重要。通过分析目前电动汽车电动轮及其试验台架的国内外研究现状,文章分析对比目前已有的电动轮试验台架的设计方案和性能特点,提出一些研发设计具有多功能、综合性的电动轮综合性能试验台架的思路。     

纯电动环卫车电驱动系统参数匹配研究

纯电动环卫车已成为城市日常生活的重要组成部分,为提高其动力性及作业效率,文章以一种基于平行轴变速箱与行星排集成的多模高效电驱动系统构型的纯电动环卫车为研究对象,首先对系统能够实现的模式进行了分析,其次以纯电动环卫车整车参数和动力性能为指标,分别匹配了驱动电机和作业电机峰值、额定功率、转矩及最高转速等参数,并搭建了整车动力学模型,通过仿真分析及系统台架进行爬坡和加速能力测试,证明系统参数匹配的有效性。     

电动轮驱动-转向集成结构设计

目前最常用的电动轮--轮毂电机驱动型电动轮是在电动轮内安装轮毂电机,这将增加电动车的簧下质量,从而降低悬架响应的敏感度;汽车重心发生改变,汽车转向定位参数、制动滑移率的控制参数等都会发生改变,对车辆的平顺性和乘坐舒适性带来不利的影响。针对这些问题,文章设计出驱动-转向一体化的电动轮,将轮毂电机、轮内悬架、转向电机、电机悬挂装置和轮毂集成在车轮上,有效提高电动轮汽车的性能。     

基于模糊控制的电动轮汽车再生制动能量回收研究

为提高电动轮汽车制动过程中再生制动能量的回收率以达到节约能源的目的,提出了一套适用于电动轮汽车的全新构型机电复合再生制动系统及控制策略。在该控制策略中,考虑到电池SOC值和制动强度对电机再生制动力矩的影响,设计了双输入单输出的模糊控制器,并在AMESim软件平台中搭建了15自由度的电动轮汽车的整车仿真模型和再生制动系统与液压制动系统的仿真模型,在不同的制动强度下采用UDDS循环进行AMESim-Simulink联合仿真。结果表明,所制定的控制策略能满足要求,在保证制动效能的前提下实现再生制动能量的有效回收。     

轮边驱动系统对车辆垂向性能影响研究

构成电动轮模块的轮边驱动系统,是非簧载质量构成的主要部件,由于引入轮毂电机,整车非簧载质量显著增加。文中根据某型号轮边驱动电动车的参数,利用均方根值和频率域分析方法,定量计算该电动车的大质量电动轮对车辆垂向性能的影响,最后在综合考虑车辆垂向性能基础上给出了该类型电动车悬架阻尼比的确定方法。     

重型车辆电动轮结构设计与有限元分析

基于目标车辆要求,设计了一款适用于重型特种车辆的电动轮,并利用CATIA建立了三维模型,验证结构的合理性。对电动轮关键部件进行受力分析,研究在三种典型工况下其受载情况,基于Abaqus对其进行强度分析,对结果分析研究,为电动轮的轻量化研究奠定基础。     

电动轮驱动的轿车差速性能试验

电动轮驱动的轿车取消机械式差速器后,使得各车轮运动状态相互独立,为保证车辆行驶中各车轮的转速协调,必须解决差速技术问题。文章介绍了采用电动轮驱动的轿车实车差速性能试验的过程,表明电动轮控制器可适应转向行驶和车轮半径不等引起的差速工况,实现很好的差速性能,指出该电动轮控制器可以在各种工况下实现良好的自适应差速性能。     

电动轮轮内主动减振器的非线性最优滑模模糊控制

轮毂电机与车轮刚性连接会增加电动车辆的非簧载质量,影响车辆平顺性。为克服电动轮垂向振动负面影响,提出一种电动轮轮内主动减振器的非线性最优滑模模糊控制方法。建立了考虑悬架广义非线性特性的1/4车辆动力学模型,通过对非线性系统的线性化、构建最优滑模模糊调节器和逆线性化这3步实现轮内主动减振控制,并进行了对比仿真验证。结果表明:非线性最优滑模模糊控制的电动轮轮内主动减振器可有效减弱轮毂电机垂直振动负面效应,确保电动车辆具有更好的综合平顺性能。     

SCT-121型电动轮自卸车总体设计

引言 电动轮自卸车是一种运用于大型露天矿山的利用电能运行的中短途运输工具.大型电动轮自卸车以其效率高、运量大、经济性好的特点成为年开采量千万吨级以上露天矿山普遍采用的高效运输设备. 为适应市场的发展,广州电力机车有限公司自主开发了载重220t的电动轮自卸车,型号为SCT-121型电动轮自卸车,该项目是南车集团2012年重点科研项目.该车除柴油发动机和轴承为进口外,其余部件包括主发电机、驱动电机、轮边减速器、车架、货箱、悬挂缸、驾驶室、液压系统、电气系统及网络控制系统等主要部件全部由南车集团和国内厂家提供,国产化率程度很高.该车已与2013年1月6日成功下线剪彩.     

电动轮驱动的混合动力汽车开发方案

分析了目前世界上典型的混合动力汽车动力总成方案,从结构模式、汽车性能以及具体布置型式3方面进行了详细地比较。提出了一种采用电动轮驱动的混合动力汽车开发方案,该方案基于某型轿车平台进行混合动力汽车的设计,动力总成采用ISG并联混合模式。同时在后轮安装2个轮毂电机,实现电动轮驱动模式。该技术开发方案,对电动轮技术以及混合动力开发技术的研究与发展具有十分重要的参考意义。     

Cooperative control of the motor and the electric booster brake to improve the stability of an in-wheel electric vehicle

A cooperative control algorithm for an in-wheel motor and an electric booster brake is proposed to improve the stability of an in-wheel electric vehicle. The in-wheel system was modeled by dividing it into motor and mechanical parts, and the electric booster brake was modeled through tests. In addition, the response characteristics of the in-wheel system and the electric booster brake were compared through a frequency response analysis. In the cooperative control, the road friction coefficient was estimated using the wheel speed, motor torque, and braking torque of each wheel, and the torque limit of the wheel to the road was determined using the estimated road friction coefficient. Based on the estimated road friction coefficient and torque limit, a cooperative algorithm to control the motor and the electric booster brake was proposed to improve the stability of the in-wheel electric vehicle. The performance of the proposed cooperative control algorithm was evaluated through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS). Furthermore, to verify the performance of the proposed cooperative control algorithm, a test environment was constructed for the anti-lock braking system (ABS) hydraulic module hardware, and the performance of the cooperative control algorithm was compared with that of the ABS by means of a HILS test.     

电动轮驱动电动汽车差速技术研究

提出了电动轮旋转动力学方程和对驱动电机采用转矩指令控制及车轮转速随动的方法,实现电动轮系统的自适应差速。进行了转向行驶、路面不平及不同车轮半径等工况的道路试验,试验结果表明:电动轮汽车在各种工况下都能保持良好的差速性能,具有自适应差速特性。     

Boundary conditions of active steering control of independent rotating wheelset based on hub motor and wheel rotating speed difference feedback

The source of torque ripple in a permanent-magnet synchronous motor was analysed. Based on the feedback of the rotating speed difference between the left and right wheels, the error value of torque ripple in an in-wheel motor was calculated. Next, a simulation model of active steering control of an independently rotating wheel (IRW) in an in-wheel motor was developed to investigate effects of torque ripple. The relationship between the accuracy of active steering control of an IRW in an in-wheel motor and wheel/rail profile was derived, and then the boundary conditions of active steering control were obtained. Finally, a method was proposed to improve the active steering control of an IRW by optimising the tread.     

Cooling performance of 25 kW in-wheel motor for electric vehicles

The in-wheel motor used in electric vehicles was designed and constructed for an electric direct-drive traction system. It is difficult to connect cooling water piping to the in-wheel motor because the in-wheel motor is located within the wheel structure. In the air cooling structure for the in-wheel motor, an outer surface on the housing is provided with cooling grooves to increase the heat transfer area. In this study, we carried out the analysis on the fluid flow and thermal characteristics of the in-wheel motor for various motor speeds and heat generations. In order to resolve heat release, the analysis has been performed using conjugate heat transfer (conduction and convection). As a result, flow fields and temperature distribution inside the in-wheel motor were obtained for base speed condition (1250 rpm) and maximum speed condition (5000 rpm). The thermo-flow analysis of the in-wheel motor for vehicles was performed in consideration of ram air effect. Also, in order to improve cooling effect of the motor, we variously changed geometries of housing. Therefore, we confirmed the feasibility of the air cooling for the motors of 25 kW capacity with housing geometry having cooling grooves and investigated the cooling performance enhancement. We found that the cooling effect was most excellent, in case that cooling groove direction was same with air flow direction and arranged densely.     

电动汽车轴向轮毂电机的工作特性

本文针对轴向永磁轮毂电机变负载调速时的传动性能,分析了启动过程中的转矩和转速等启动性能以及启动完成后的磁密、涡流损耗、传动效率等工作性能。首先运用矢量磁位法建立了数学模型,得到气隙磁密、转矩、轴向力和传动效率等工作参数的数学表达式,并运用Matlab软件进行了系统气隙磁密的数值计算;然后利用Magnet软件模拟得到了不同输入转速和不同变负载系数下启动过程的转矩和转速的变化规律,接着分析启动完成后稳定运行时的磁密、涡流损耗和传动效率;最后搭建模拟的轴向磁通轮毂电机实验平台,测量得到了不同输入转速下的转速、转矩和传动效率,验证了理论分析和模拟的正确性。本文研究成果有利于轴向永磁磁通轮毂电机传动性能的研究,对提高轮毂电机工作效率的提高具有重要意义。     

独立悬架-电动轮模块的双横臂悬架机构设计

四轮驱动电动汽车采用由轮毂电机、转速传感器、制动盘和双横臂悬架机构组成的结构相同的独立悬架-电动轮模块，可大幅度减少零部件种类，降低制造成本。文中按空间机构理论导出了双横臂悬架导向机构运动分析与设计的基本公式，并研制成简明实用的视窗式分析与设计系统。提出了可完全消除附加转向干涉的非转向轮双横臂悬架导向机构。将这些研究成果具体应用于国内第一台四轮驱动燃料电池微型汽车概念平台“春晖一号”和样车“春晖二号”的研制，取得了良好效果。     

Direct yaw moment control and power consumption of in-wheel motor vehicle in steady-state turning

Driving force distribution control is one of the characteristic performance aspects of in-wheel motor vehicles and various methods have been developed to control direct yaw moment while turning. However, while these controls significantly enhance vehicle dynamic performance, the additional power required to control vehicle motion still remains to be clarified. This paper constructed new formulae of the mechanism by which direct yaw moment alters the cornering resistance and mechanical power of all wheels based on a simple bicycle model, including the electric loss of the motors and the inverters. These formulation results were validated by an actual test vehicle equipped with in-wheel motors in steady-state turning. The validated theory was also applied to a comparison of several different driving force distribution mechanisms from the standpoint of innate mechanical power.