区域公路网规模预测研究

公路网规模预测是区域公路网规划的重要内容。通过分析公路网规模的主要影响因素和现有的公路网规模预测研究方法,分析了因素分析法中常用的国土系数法存在的不足,并结合杭州市具体情况,提出了国土系数法的改善方法。建议根据具体实际综合分析公路网系数,通过改进公路网系数的计算模型,得到更准确的公路网规模预测值。     

河南省公路网发展规模预测及规划的理论研究

通过对世界上部分国家和地区不同经济发展水平下的路网规模进行对比分析，建立按照国际标准计算的各层次道路目标长度的模型，并结合河南省国民经济发展规划，确定河南省公路网发展的理论目标长度，并就今后各层次的道路配置进行了初步研究，为科学、合理地制订公路网的发展规模和层次配置提供了较好的参考数据。     

中国船舶绘制强国蓝图

2007年8月30～31日,在全国船舶工业工作会议上,国防科工委副主任金壮龙明确提出:加快推进船舶工业战略转型,把发展的目标从主要追求做大向全面推进做强转变。此前,为全面贯彻落实《船舶工业中长期发展规划》和《船舶工业发展"十一五"规划纲要》,国防科工委先后印发的《船舶科技发展"十一五"规划纲要》、《船舶配套业发展"十一五"规划纲要》和《全面建立现代造船模式行动纲要(2006～2010年)》绘制出中国船舶强国蓝图。在未来的5到10年间,中国船舶工业将围绕下述目标,向造船强国冲刺。     

南海区骨架公路网发展规划研究

根据南海区交通发展需要,在佛山市、广州市以及珠三角干线公路网规划的指导下,分析南海区骨架公路网规划的背景,指出其发展目标,明确其规划布局,为南海区的经济腾飞提供有效的交通支持。     

交通部出台港口规划管理规定

为规范港口规划工作，科学利用、有效保护港口资源，促进港口健康、持续发展，根据《中华人民共和国港口法》，交通部制定了《港口规划管理规定》，并于2008年2月1日起施行。     

广州内河港总体夫贝划通过专家审查

2011年12月14日，广东省交通运输厅在广州市组织召开《广州内河港总沐规划（送审稿）》（下称《规划》）审查会议。省、市有关部门的代表和特邀专家参加了会议。会议听取了规划编制单位关于《规划》主要内容的汇报，本着科学、求实的精神对《规划》进行了认真评审。     

港口规划环境影响评价中公众参与模式探讨

国家对环境影响评价工作中的公众参与非常重视,相继出台多项相关法规政策。目前对于建设项目环境影响评价中公众参与的形式和方法国内外已有一些理论研究和较多的实践应用,但对于规划环境影响评价中采取何种有效的公众参与模式尚需深入研究。通过对国内十多个港口总体规划环评案例进行归纳总结,阐述了港口规划环评公众参与的目的与意义,分析提出了港口规划环评公众参与的工作原则、工作方案和调查意见统计分析方法,并针对港口规划环评公众参与的重点和难点进行了分析研究,探讨港口规划环评中开展公众参与的有效方法和途径。     

抓住主要矛盾,提高规划工作的科学性：介绍《广东省及珠江三角洲港口布局规

简要介绍《广东省沿海及珠江三角洲港口布局规划》的主要工作内容：该地区的经济及港口现状评价，港口吞吐量预测，合理运输系统论证以及分层次布局规划等。以该规划项目为例，说明在规划中必须抓住主要矛盾，才能提高规划工作的科学性。     

《国家高速公路网规划》简介

《规划》于2004年经国务院审议通过,这是中国历史上第一个"终极"的高速公路骨架布局,同时也是中国公路网中最高层次的公路通道。     

《全国沿海港口布局规划》出台

2006年9月15日，交通部召开《全国沿海港口布局规划》（简称《规划》）新闻发布会。交通部副部长翁孟勇向到会的新闻媒体记者介绍了相关情况。根据《中华人民共和国港口法》的要求，为了合理、有序开发和利用港口资源，完善国家综合运输网络，促进沿海港口向规模化、集约化、现代化方向发展，适应国家经济社会发展需要，交通部与国家发改委联合编制了《规划》，并于8月16日经国务院审议通过。在现有港口布局的基础上，《规划》明确中国沿海将逐步形成五大区域的港口群体，自北向南依次是环渤海地区、长江三角洲地区、东南沿海地区、珠江三角洲地区和西南沿海地区。各大区域沿海港口群将通过各自区域内外的多种运输方式构成的综合运输体系，全面服务于我国经济社会发展和人民生活水平提高，促进区域经济协调发展。《规划》实施后，全国将形成一个布局合理、层次分明、功能明确、节约资源、安全环保、便捷高效、衔接协调、市场有序的沿海港口运输体系。     

Environmental assessment in the Prc: Third phase of the Qinhuangdao coal port

Abstract

The use of environmental impact assessment (EIA) is relatively recent in the People's Republic of China (PRC). China is committed to a reversal of the environmental degradation resulting from its industrialization and the central government has initiated a requirement for environmental planning and assessment for large development projects. Today large scale harbor developments are subject to the requirements of the National Environmental Protection Law (1979) and the Marine Environmental Law (1982). Because the third phase expansion of the coal port of Qinhuangdao would increase the ports’ capacity to handle coal by 30 to 50 million tons, an EIA was required.

Since 1981, the Environment and Policy Institute of the East‐West Center (EWC), Honolulu, has had a program of research focusing on the environmental impacts of coal transportation. On the basis of workshops in China that centered on the problems associated with planning coal transportation projects, the Ministry of Communications of the PRC invited the EWC to participate in the environmental assessment for the third phase coal port expansion at Qinhuangdao. A 10‐member team with specialities in environmental assessment and port environmental problems from five countries representing the EWC worked with a 25‐member team from four different agencies of the PRC Ministry of Communications.

This article describes the environmental regulations in the PRC that affect this harbor expansion, discusses the process by which the EWC assisted the PRC in the preparation of the environmental assessment and evaluates the assessment product against PRC regulations and U.S. standards. The most important contribution of the EWC was the provision of guidelines adapted from the EIA experience in several countries which will assist the PRC in the environmental evaluation of future pon expansion projects.     

喀斯特地貌公路建设项目环境影响评价

喀斯特是一种具有特殊的物质、能量、结构和功能的生态系统,其特征是生态敏感度高,环境容量低、抗干扰能力弱,稳定性差,工程建设过程中若忽视其特征可能会引发区域石漠化现象。针对目前我国高速公路建设正由东部平原地区过渡到中西部丘陵地区、重丘区建设,喀斯特地貌的遇见概率逐渐增多,而相关的环境影响如何进行合理评价与分析,应采取何种针对性措施,国内很少有系统的分析、说明。这里通过石漠化概念、石漠化形成的原因与机理分析,结合实例公路建设项目特点,对产生的环境问题进行环境影响评价,提出更为切实可行的措施,为喀斯特地貌公路建设项目环境影响评价提供一定的借鉴。     

基于网络计划模型的施工危险性动态评价方法

危险源评价是公路施工中安全控制管理的关键环节,以往一般是在施工前针对施工项目对象进行危险源辨识并进行危险性评价,常用的评价方法如模糊综合评价法没有体现施工的动态变化特性。文中利用网络计划技术中时标网络图的实时动态分析特性,将其应用到公路施工危险性评价中,对危险源进行精确定位,并做出动态评价。     

基于生态足迹供给模型的区域可持续发展能力评价

区域环境影响评价乃至目前正大力推行的规划环境影响评价中区域规划的可持续能力的评价是个难点,现尝试借用生态足迹理论中生态足迹供给的模型,结合区域环境影响评价的具体实践,分析了其用于区域可持续能力评价的可行性,并以上海市青浦区重固镇的区域开发为案例进行了研究,结论认为:生态足迹供给模型是对区域开发的可持续能力进行评价的一个有效工具,但有关具体参数的选择还需结合当地实际进一步开展基础研究工作。     

Sustainable procurement and environmental life-cycle costing in maritime transport

Transportation sector, including maritime transport, exerts significant environmental impact. Public procurement as a policy strategy instrument which applies to the purchase of transport means, construction of infrastructure and the provision logistic services in supplying the goods, services and executing of works must integrate environmental considerations in the contract award procedures. While conventional life-cycle costing (LCC) is based on four categories to be assessed e.g. investment, operation, maintenance and end-of-life disposal expenses, the environmental LCC method also takes into account the external environmental costs. The paper is focused on sustainable public procurement and environmental life-cycle costing aspects of EU 2014 Directive. Analysis is made of the real cost of procurement, the externalities and the impact of maritime transport sector on the environment. The purpose of this research is to propose the framework for assessment of integral impact on the environment which combines environmental LCC approach with TBL concept using non-monetary units for measuring externalities. The authors advocate clean and energy-efficient maritime transport ensuring effective implementation of environmental policy objectives and targets and emphasize the role of public authorities and entities in fostering the inclusion of environmental externalities in calculation of LCC.     

Inland transportation system planning by life cycle impact assessment: a case study

The comparison of land and inland water transportation from economical and ecological points of view is discussed. Required freight rates for trucks and ships are calculated and compared to find which has economic superiority. From the environmental impacts of these two transportation types, the comparative environmental destruction indices for two different time-durations are estimated. All these investigations were conducted for the Yokohama–Fukuoka route in Japan. Life cycle impact assessment, a very useful tool for quantitatively evaluating the environmental influence of a product, was used to compare the environmental burden imposed by these types of transportation. Finally, the way that these results can be used for inland transportation system planning is discussed. Received: January 21, 2000 / Accepted: June 27, 2000     

Impact of coastal construction on coral reefs in the U.S.‐affiliated pacific Islands

Abstract

During the past century, traditional ownership, control, and use of coral reef habitats in the U.S.‐affiliated islands in the Pacific have declined, exposing them to increased construction for plantation, transportation, military, urban, aquaculture, fisheries, mineral, and resort development. Dredging, filling, and other construction in coral reef and related ecosystems are expected to continue at high levels. Collectively, these activities have resulted in major adverse ecological impacts, many of which can be avoided or reduced to minor levels. Improvements in the design, siting, and construction of coastal projects can be accomplished by early integration of environmental objectives. Ecological baseline surveys; environmental impact assessments; regulatory conditions; guidelines and standards during construction; monitoring of construction; post‐construction evaluation; and long‐range research, planning, and management are among the most useful of the environmental tools to describe reefs and to identify measures to reduce or avoid adverse impacts on coral reefs.     

The Next Step of Devising China's Legal Regime for Deep Seabed Mining—The Environmental Regulation under China's Deep Seabed Mining Law

The due diligence obligation of sponsoring states requires state parties to enact laws and take administrative measures to secure effective regulation of the contractors of deep seabed mining and ensure that the contractors comply with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and regulations issued by International Seabed Authority (ISA). China has invested significantly in the exploration and exploitation of the deep seabed resources in the Area and China enacted its deep seabed mining law (DSM Law) in 2016 to fulfill its due diligence obligation as a sponsoring state. Environmental regulation is an important part of devising the international legal regime of deep seabed mining, and the ISA has been in the process of drafting Environmental Regulations. It is the sponsoring states' obligation to ensure that the contractors comply with the environmental rules issued by the ISA. China's DSM Law has many provisions stating the environmental obligations of its contractors; however, these provisions are phrased in rather general terms. It is necessary for China to take the next step as a sponsoring state and promulgate its domestic environmental regulation under its DSM Law in order to further fulfill its due diligence obligation. A procedure-oriented approach should be adopted for drafting the environmental regulation under China's DSM Law. Ideally, the environmental regulation under China's DSM Law should specify the rights and obligations of the contractors and domestic regulatory agency, delineating the environmental measures that the contractors need to take in different stages of exploring and exploiting deep seabed resources in order to comply with the environmental rules issued by the ISA.     

基于AHP-ELECTRE Ⅱ的公路“绿色”选线方案比选

公路建设对沿线自然环境有着重大影响,因此＂绿色＂选线过程中应充分考虑环境因素。利用层次分析法（AHP）建立层次分析模型并确定评价指标权重,然后利用消去与选择转换（ELECTRE Ⅱ）综合评价法,实现各路线方案的环境影响量化评价。通过实例,证明该方法可以较好应用于公路＂绿色＂选线方案比选。