静水航行船舶粘性兴波阻力计算分析(英文)

The prediction of a ship's resistance especially the viscous wave-making resistance is an important issue in CFD applications. In this paper, the resistances of six ships from hull 1 to hull 6 with different hull forms advancing in still water are numerically studied using the solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU, which was developed based on the open source code package OpenFOAM. Different components of the resistances are computed and compared while considering two speed conditions(12 kn and 16 kn). The resistance of hull 3 is the smallest while that of hull 5 is the largest at the same speed. The results show hull 3 is a good reference for the design of similar ships, which can provide some valuable guidelines for hull form optimization.     

重庆—上海江海直达船船型优化

为提升重庆—上海过闸型江海直达船的航行性能和经济性,以满足通过三峡船闸船舶吃水要求的江海直达船型为研究对象,以排水体积和浮心纵向位置为约束条件,采用理论设计与数值计算相结合的方法优化船型。采用Rhinoceros软件进行船体建模,采用CAESES（FRIENDSHIP-Framework）软件进行半参数化模型优化,采用计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD）技术进行阻力预报。通过2轮优化对比,优化船型在10 kn、13 kn和16 kn航速下的总阻力相比原始船型分别减小10.76%、8.18%和1.86%。研究表明：垂直艏+下凸艉组合的减阻效果要优于尖直艏+平直艉组合,且航速越低,减阻效果越明显;采用多航速验证方法能有效避免固定航速船型优化的局限性。研究结果可供江海直达船的船型设计和建造参考。 关键词：型线优化;总阻力;多航速;江海直达船;SBD技术     

片体布局对四体船阻力的影响（英文）

Multihull ships are widely used for sea transportation, and those with four hulls are known as quadramarans. Hull position configurations of a quadramaran include the diamond, tetra, and slice. In general, multihull vessels traveling at high speeds have better hydrodynamic efficiency than monohull ships. This study aims to identify possible effects of various quadramaran hull position configurations on ship resistance for hull dimensions of 2 m length, 0.21 m breadth, and 0.045 m thickness. We conducted a towing test in which we varied the hull spacing and speed at Fr values between 0.08 and 0.62 and measured the total resistance using a load cell transducer. The experimental results reveal that the lowest total resistance was achieved with a diamond quadramaran configuration at Fr = 0.1?0.6 and an effective interference factor of up to 0.35 with S/L = 3/10 and R/L = 1/2 at Fr = 0.62.     

Hydrodynamic optimization of ship hull forms in shallow water

A computational method for improving hull form in shallow water with respect to wave resistance is presented. The method involves coupling ideas from two distinct research fields: numerical ship hydrodynamics and nonlinear programming techniques. The wave resistance is estimated by means of Morinos panel method, which is extended to free surface flow and considers the influence of finite depth on the wave resistance of ships. This is linked to the optimization procedure of the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) technique, and an optimum hull form can be obtained through a series of iterations giving some design constraints. Sinkage is an important factor in shallow water, and this method considers sinkage as a hydrodynamic design constraint. The optimization procedure developed is demonstrated by selecting a Wigley (C _B = 0.444) hull and the Series 60 (C _B = 0.60) hull, and new hull forms are obtained at Froude number 0.316. The Froude number specified corresponds to a lower than critical speed since most of the ships operating in shallow water move below their critical speed. The numerical results of the optimization procedure indicate that the optimized hull forms yields a reduction in wave resistance.     

船体艏部水动力性能优化

提出一种以势流兴波阻力理论Rankine源方法为基础,结合SHIPFLOW软件为计算工具,利用CAD-CFD集成平台FRIENDSHIP-Framework软件进行变形优化,研究船舶的最小兴波阻力型线优化设计的方法,并考察了兴波优化得到的船型总阻力变化情况。在型线优化过程中,以兴波阻力系数为目标函数,排水量变化范围为约束条件,在Wigley船体前端增加一个利用Feature建模技术参数化生成的球艏并调整艏部型线使得船体表面光顺。选取球鼻艏形状的各项参数作为基本设计变量,利用DOE方法对船艏进行优化,获得了设计航速下兴波阻力较小的船型,验证了所提方法进行船艏型线优化的有效性。相应的考察变形及优化前后总阻力变化情况表明:在高傅汝德数情况下增加球艏所带来的粘性阻力的增加小于兴波阻力的减小量,总阻力得到了改善,优化后得到的球艏能在进一步减小兴波的同时减小总阻力。此外,还运用所提方法对3100TEU船型的船艏,利用Delta Shift方法进行变形,在设计航速下,将变形的参数作为设计变量,利用DOE方法进行优化设计。结果显示:在排水量限制范围内当球鼻艏向上向前伸展一定长度时可以降低兴波阻力。与此同时,由于优化前后船体湿表面积变化很小,粘性阻力的变化并不明显,兴波的减小则使得总阻力得到了改善。     

Ship resistance of quadramaran with various hull position configurations

Multihull ships are widely used for sea transportation, and those with four hulls are known as quadramarans. Hull position configurations of a quadramaran include the diamond, tetra, and slice. In general, multihull vessels traveling at high speeds have better hydrodynamic efficiency than monohull ships. This study aims to identify possible effects of various quadramaran hull position configurations on ship resistance for hull dimensions of 2 m length, 0.21 m breadth, and 0.045 m thickness. We conducted a towing test in which we varied the hull spacing and speed at Fr values between 0.08 and 0.62 and measured the total resistance using a load cell transducer. The experimental results reveal that the lowest total resistance was achieved with a diamond quadramaran configuration at Fr = 0.1-0.6 and an effective interference factor of up to 0.35 with S/L = 3/10 and R/L = 1/2 at Fr = 0.62.     

基于B样条的三维船体水动力数值计算

本文采用基于B样条的一种新的数值方法计算三维船体水动力，用B样条函数表达三维船体表面的几何形状以及流场中未知物理量的分布，为了验证该数值方法的可行性和精确度首先对处于无限流体域中的圆球体绕流问题进行了计算；其次计算了由ITTC所推荐的Wigley船型的兴波阻力以及以一攻角斜航时的操纵水动力；最后在一些假设下对两船作平行航行时的干扰水动力作了相应计算工作。数值计算结果与其它试验或理论结果在定量或定性上吻合良好。     

浅水中航行船舶的水动力系数

本文利用切片理论数值研究了浅水中前进船舶的水动力系数.为计及水深的影响,采用简单格林函数方法求解剖面水动力系数,提出了满足辐射条件的一种较方便的数值方法.计算了一数学船型的水动力系数,并与有关文献结果比较验证了数值方法的可行性.数值结果显示了水底效应对航行船舶水动力的影响,为进一步研究浅水航行船舶的耐波性提供了基础.     

Systematic study on the hull form design and resistance prediction of displacement-type super-high-speed ships

Systematic theoretical and experimental studies were carried out to establish methods for hull form design, optimum dimension selection, and resistance estimation for displacement-type super-high-speed ships. In this study, a theoretical hull form design method for displacement-type super-high-speed ships was first developed using the minimum resistance theory and a sectionally varying hull form equation. Using an established hull form design method, a series of 60 hull forms were prepared with systematic variations of the most important design variables, and model tests were conducted for these ship models. Finally, regression analyses were performed for the results of the model tests. The study was very successful, and the prepared computer programs are now being actively used as efficient tools for the design of the displacement-type super-high-speed ships.     

船型生成

介绍了中国船舶科学研究中心开发的一个船型生成模块及其特点和应用情况。该模块是针对大型集装箱和大方形系数低速船而建立的，但对一般的船型也适用。它利用强大的数据库，不但能生成性能良好的光顺线型，并能对该船型的快速性能作了评估。     

基于CFD的三体船侧体布局优化

三体船构型复杂,侧体布局对其阻力性能有很大的影响。基于计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)理论,利用SHIPMDO-WUT软件平台构建一种侧体布局自动优化方法。以某高速三体船为例,进行侧体布局的优化,结果表明:在4个不同弗劳德数下,优化船较母型船的兴波阻力均有所下降,总阻力也相应减小。得出在4个不同弗劳德数下总阻力最小的侧体布局方案,表明该方法的可行性与有效性。研究内容可为三体船减阻优化设计提供参考依据。     

基于CFD的船舶不同浪向下运动及增阻数值分析

为分析波浪对船舶快速性和耐波性的影响,必须对波浪中航行的船舶阻力增值进行准确预报。本文基于计算流体力学软件FINE/Marine建立了Wigley船模的数值模型,对不同规则波波长下的船体运动和波浪增阻进行了计算,并与试验结果进行对比,验证了数值模型的可行性与准确性。同时计算分析了船舶在规则波中航行时的波浪增阻与浪向之间的变化关系。通过研究发现：随着浪向角的增大船舶波浪增阻逐渐增加,在60°浪向角时波浪增阻达到最大值,浪向角对波浪增阻的影响较大。本文的研究方法可用于船舶有航速下的不同浪向波浪增阻的数值预报。     

平头方尾运输船舶开槽减阻研究

传统的平头方尾型运输船舶具有载重大、吃水浅的优点,但航行阻力大,航速低。本文针对该船型开展了开槽减阻的研究,通过在船底开设纵向槽道对艏部高压区进行引流减阻,来实现该船型高航速运输的要求。船体流场及阻力采用RANS方法进行数值模拟,并计及航行姿态的变化。通过改变槽道长度、宽度以及槽道顶板的形状,研究了减阻效果与槽道几何尺度的关系。针对某型船船的研究表明,船底槽道的引流量是影响减阻效果的主要因素,当采用纵向贯穿的槽道,且槽道顶板的折角点设在船中时,可使原船30节时的减阻率达到24%以上。     

Dilated-polyhedron-based DEM analysis of the ice resistance on ship hulls in escort operations in level ice

The ice resistance on ships in escort operations in level ice are investigated using the discrete element method (DEM). A dilated polyhedron—generated by the Minkowski sum of a sphere and a polyhedron—is employed in the DEM; this dilated polyhedron-based DEM (DPDEM) is adopted to simulate the ship–ice interaction, wherein the contact force and bond-failure criterion are considered for the collision and fracture of sea ice, respectively. A three-point bending test was simulated with DPDEM, and a field test was conducted in the Bohai Sea to validate the DEM results. Further, a parametric analysis of flexural strength was conducted to identify the parameters involved in the bond-failure criterion. The ice resistance on icebreakers and cargo ships in level ice are simulated using DPDEM. The simulated ice resistances are compared with the Lindqvist and Riska formulas and the model test, which proves the validity of the DEM simulation. The interaction between ships and level ice is simulated parametrically to investigate the ice resistance on cargo ships with and without the icebreaker escort. Influencing factors such as ship speed, ice thickness, and ship breadth were examined to investigate the ice resistance on the escorted cargo ship. Analysis and change rules of the ice resistance on cargos affected by those factors were given.     

两船在波浪中耦合运动的三维频域理论研究

本文采用三维势流理论求解两船在波浪中相互干扰的耦合运动。基于源分布方法，两船船体表面被划分成若干面元，在每一面元上进行等源强分布。为了验证该理论以及算法的可行性，计算了有限水深中两圆柱的水动力干扰，其数值计算结果与其他理论结果吻合较好。其次计算了两船在波浪中无航速与有航速情况的水动力干扰，其结果与单船结果以及双船试验结果进行比较。同时深入研究了纵横向间距以及航速变化对水动力干扰的影响，得出间距与航速不仅是水动力干扰的重要参数，而且对两船中的小船影响尤为重要。本文的研究提出了一种有效而又简单的方法预报两船在波浪中的耦合运动，为分析海上航行补给所涉及的水动力问题提供了有效的手段。     

水翼复合小水线面双体船低阻特性的数值分析

为了获取高速航行的复合船型的阻力,基于Star-CCM+软件平台,考虑到航行姿态变化的影响,通过求解RANS方程和船体运动方程,采用DFBI的方式实时监控船体受力,在运动稳定后得出船体的航行姿态及阻力。本文选取一定速度范围内的水翼复合小水线面双体船进行数值计算,并和模型试验进行对比,计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,较适合该类船型的阻力估算。     

Verification of a simplified analytical method for predictions of ship groundings over large contact surfaces by numerical simulations

In this paper, a verification is presented of a simplified analytical method for the predictions from numerical simulations of structural performance during ship groundings over seabed obstacles with large contact surfaces and trapezoidal cross-section. This simplified analytical method was developed by Lin Hong and Jørgen Amdahl and calculates grounding characteristics, such as resistance and distortion energy, for double-bottomed ships in shoal grounding accidents. Two finite-element models are presented. One was built for a hold, and the other was built for a hold and a ship hull girder and also considers sectional properties, ship mass, added mass and the hydrodynamic restoring force. The verification was completed by comparing horizontal and vertical resistances and the distortion energy between seven numerical-simulation cases and a set of corresponding cases computed by a simplified analytical method. The results show that the resistances obtained by the simplified analytical method are close to the mean values of the resistance curves obtained by numerical simulations. The comparisons prove that the energy dissipation-prediction capability of the simplified analytical method is valuable. Thus, the simplified analytical method is feasible for assessing ship groundings over seabed obstacles with large contact surfaces and trapezoidal cross-section. Furthermore, studies of the influence of ship motion during groundings ascertained that ship motion affects structural performance characteristics. Resistances are lessened at the end of the grounding due to the reduction of indentations caused by heave and pitch motions of the ship hull girder. Finally, a new method for predicting the structural performance of the time-consuming complete-ship model by applying a combination of normal numerical simulations and ship-motion calculations is proposed and proven.     

可控环量船体的受力分析及对船舶操纵性的影响

本文在对—拖轮可控环量船体约束船模试验结果的基础上进行了水动力分析，并与船体在不喷流而仅操舵情况下的受力进行了对比．结果表明：在低航速下，喷流产生的转船力矩要大于操舵产生的转船力矩；在高航速下．喷流产生的转船力矩亦可满足船舶的操纵性要求．因此，作为一种新的船舶操纵方式，将环量控制技术直接用于船舶的操纵是可能的，可大大改善船舶在低航速情况下的操纵性．由于喷流装置结构简单，无可动部件，并且基本不改变船体形状，故为实船应用提供了较为乐观的前景．     

基于CFD的超小型双体无人船总体设计

概 要：现有超小型双体船的总体设计主要参照以往玻璃钢游乐船的设计经验,未考虑其型线设计,导致航速低和稳性差的问题。本文利用CFD仿真软件,对船体阻力进行分析对比,得到快速性较优的线型方案,同时考虑推进器布置的影响,设计了一型标准的超小型双体船。通过真实船模模型试验,验证了本设计方案较现有船型在航速指标上的明显改进,达到预期目的,为今后的超小型双体船总体设计提供了参考方向,值得应用和推广。     

大型舰船总振动固有频率近似计算研究

基于我国舰船的设计规律,提出了一种精确计算大型舰船总振动固有频率所需初始数据的虚拟设计方法。以某舰船为原型,设计出177～200 m船长范围内系列虚拟船型主尺度及船体等值梁数据。计算出系列舰船虚拟船型船体的总振动固有频率值,扩展了船体总振动固有频率近似公式中统计系数的统计样本范围,利用扩展的统计样本数据提出了适合估算大型舰船船体总振动固有频率的经验公式。