顺应式垂直通路立管新构型设计及其力学性能分析

为研究顺应式垂直通路立管（以下简称CVAR）的力学特性，本文基于虚功原理和变分原理创建了CVAR力学模型，并与文献结果进行对比验证，之后在原构型的基础上提出改进，在进一步校正浮力因子后对CVAR进行时域内的动力响应分析。结果表明：新构型相较于原构型不仅减少了浮力块的布置数量，而且在设计位置和极端偏移情况下都能保证良好的作业性能；新构型过渡段的浮力因子在1.08~1.82范围内能满足文中给出偏移情况下的作业要求；CVAR的动力分析中，下部区域（靠井口位置）的各项位移很小，能保持良好的作业性能；过渡段区域由于弯矩较大引起应力值较高，是应优先检测的位置。     

脐带缆深水安装的参数影响分析(英文)

随着水深的增加引起外部压力的增大和脐带缆的重量相应增加,且由于海洋环境载荷和浮体的运动引起复杂的动力特性使得脐带缆的受力复杂,其安全性受到很大的挑战,故深水安装是脐带缆的关键问题之一。文章详细分析了安装过程中不同浮力块的布置方式(不同尺寸,长度和布置位置)和波浪与流的方向对脐带缆的影响。利用悬链线方程构建自由悬挂的脐带缆的模型,然后施加浮力与环境载荷得到动态脐带缆的安装模型。通过对比分析表明,浮力块的布置方案和波浪与流的方向对脐带缆的安装都有很大的影响,上述这些参数在安装中需要给予重视。     

基于剪流分布规律的节点力加载方式在船体结构有限元分析中的应用

船体结构强度评估是船舶建造与设计过程中的重要环节.本文在总结研究现有的船体结构有限元分析加载方式的基础上,提出基于剪流分布规律的节点力加载方式.对于为模拟船体梁载荷而在各剖面处施加的集中力以及为进行强度计算需在各剖面处施加的调整载荷,使用本文方法将其离散至单元网格节点处并于与加载,得到的结果符合船体梁弯曲时的应力分布规律,这对于正确进行船体结构强度评估具有重要意义.给出适用于计算机实施的规格化加载过程,以实现船体结构有限元分析的自动加载过程.     

水下滑翔机外形设计与水动力计算

水下滑翔机是一种不依靠外部推进装置的水下自主航行器,它通过改变净浮力和浮心位置进行运动,因此要求其具有优良的水动力性能.本文介绍实验室所研制的水下滑翔机的外形设计,对水下滑翔机斜航运动与定常回转运动水动力进行数值计算,并实施拖曳试验,其计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.同时,在湖泊试验中水下滑翔机相继完成了多组锯齿运动和螺旋下潜运动,进一步验证水动力计算结果的准确性,满足工程应用的要求,其结果对水下滑翔机的设计具有一定的指导和借鉴意义.     

浮箱下水方案与安装工艺研究

根据制造厂当地水文资料及潮位预报,某型船难以在同系列其他船相近状态下进行下水作业,由此研究增加浮箱的下水方案,并进行浮箱结构强度计算和安装工艺研究,为船舶下水工艺提供了一个新的方案。     

液压销孔式升降系统结构分析

升降系统是自升式风电安装船的核心设备，其结构稳定性是其平台和桩腿顺利实现升降的保证。本文以某自升式风电安装船的液压销孔式升降系统为研究对象，采用有限元方法建立其部件的结构模型，给出结构分析的载荷及边界条件，并运用有限元分析软件Ansys对各工况下的受力与变形进行求解,对计算结果进行分析和评估。研究结论为升降系统的设计与制造提供了理论指导，并为此类结构受力的设计计算提供参考。     

A B-spline method used to calculate added resistance in waves

Making an exact computation of added resistance in sea waves is of high interest due to the economic effects relating to ship design and operation. In this paper, a B-spline based method is developed for computation of added resistance. Based on the potential flow assumption, the velocity potential is computed using Green's formula. The Kochin function is applied to compute added resistance using Maruo's far-field method, the body surface is described by a B-spline curve and potentials and normal derivation of potentials are also described by B-spline basis functions and B-spline derivations. A collocation approach is applied for numerical computation, and integral equations are then evaluated by applying Gauss–Legendre quadrature. Computations are performed for a spheroid and different hull forms; results are validated by a comparison with experimental results. All results obtained with the present method show good agreement with experimental results.     

Mathematical model of steel lazy-wave riser abandonment and recovery in deepwater

To meet the increasing applications of the deepwater steel lazy-wave riser (SLWR), the riser abandonment and recovery (A&R) is a great challenge for SLWR installation and its mechanical analysis is necessary and significant. This paper is focused on the abandonment and recovery process which is of great importance to the installation feasibility and analysis. A comprehensive mechanical model based on the nonlinear large deformation beam theory for simulating the deepwater SLWR is proposed. And a simple and suitable model for analyzing the A&R cable is developed. The presented model with detailed boundary conditions is able to deal with three different A&R methods. Numerical analysis is conducted by the finite difference method to investigate the riser configurations and somev important mechanical parameters of the pipeline and cable which exert influences on the riser's performance and the A&R cable's requirement. Parametric comparison study is conducted to analyze the advantage of different method. The proposed model can help on development of deepwater SLWR A&R design and analysis.     

柔性跨接管安装的三维力学分析

文章对柔性跨接管在三维空间中使用下放缆绳的安装做了相应的力学分析。根据悬链线理论,可以首先获得整个安装系统（缆绳及柔性管）的初始形态（仅受重力作用时）。其最终形态可以根据一迭代过程,使用力的平衡及协调性要求作为收敛准则来得到。通过有限单元离散法,可得柔性跨接管的内力,曲率半径及相应的位移值。为了验证文中提出方法的正确性及可靠性,将此得到的结果与OrcaFlex有限元模型得到的结果进行了对比。同时该文对两端下放缆绳的长度差对柔性跨接管最小曲率半径及最大轴力值的影响也做了一定的研究。该方法能够给实际工程中柔性跨接管的安装提供一定的参考。     

减摇复合船型首部构型设计与水池模型试验研究

船舶在波浪中航行时的纵向运动性能是衡量船舶综合航行性能的重要指标.为了改善船舶在波浪中的纵向运动性能,本文基于首部减摇组合附体技术对某型船首部构型进行改造并通过水池模型试验对其静水阻力和耐波性进行了分析研究.在分析该船作业及航区特点的基础上,通过船首部线型改造及减纵摇组合附体构型优化,给出适用于该船的首部构型方案.应用CFD软件和修正切片法进行水动力性能分析,并对船首构型方案进行优选.将优选出的性能较优复合船型方案和原船型开展水池模型静水阻力与耐波性对比试验分析,验证减摇复合船型的静水阻力性能与耐波性能.试验结果表明,改造后的复合船型减纵摇效果明显,对应实船四级海况18节航速下纵摇与首部加速度有义值较原船型降低15%以上;复合船型静水阻力有所增加,实船18节航速下静水阻力增加13.5%.     

基于倒置单摆原理的海上风机塔柱和转子机舱新的安装过程的数值模拟研究（英文）

Current installation costs of offshore wind turbines(OWTs) are high and profit margins in the offshore wind energy sector are low, it is thus necessary to develop installation methods that are more efficient and practical. This paper presents a numerical study(based on a global response analysis of marine operations) of a novel procedure for installing the tower and Rotor Nacelle Assemblies(RNAs) on bottom-fixed foundations of OWTs. The installation procedure is based on the inverted pendulum principle. A cargo barge is used to transport the OWT assembly in a horizontal position to the site, and a medium-size Heavy Lift Vessel(HLV) is then employed to lift and up-end the OWT assembly using a special upending frame. The main advantage of this novel procedure is that the need for a huge HLV(in terms of lifting height and capacity) is eliminated. This novel method requires that the cargo barge is in the leeward side of the HLV(which can be positioned with the best heading) during the entire installation. This is to benefit from shielding effects of the HLV on the motions of the cargo barge, so the foundations need to be installed with a specific heading based on wave direction statistics of the site and a typical installation season. Following a systematic approach based on numerical simulations of actual operations, potential critical installation activities, corresponding critical events, and limiting(response) parameters are identified. In addition, operational limits for some of the limiting parameters are established in terms of allowable limits of sea states. Following a preliminary assessment of these operational limits, the duration of the entire operation, the equipment used, and weather-and water depth-sensitivity, this novel procedure is demonstrated to be viable.     

高阶谱数值方法及其应用

高阶谱方法是一种快速模拟波浪运动的有效方法,它基于小波陡对速度势展开,通过快速Fourier变换解决了自由面波动问题.文中基于高阶谱方法,建立了模拟波浪运动的数值模型,通过与Stokes波理论值比较,验证了方法的合理性;并应用于波浪的色散聚集和Stokes波不稳定性研究,通过与其它结论的比较,验证了结果的正确性.     

深水耐压壳仿生设计与分析

文章研究了千米水深蛋壳仿生耐压壳的设计理论与分析方法,首先采用Upadhyaya方程、N-R方程,分别建立了鸡蛋壳、鹅蛋壳形状函数;其次,设计了6 km水深鸡蛋壳、鹅蛋壳仿生耐压壳,并基于解析法和数值法,对这两种结构进行强度和稳定性研究;最后,建立了球形、抛物线形、柱形、椭球形等4种典型耐压壳的数值模型,与仿生耐压壳作对比分析。结果表明:解析法和数值法所得的经向应力、纬向应力、临界屈曲应力吻合良好,鹅蛋壳仿生耐压壳的强度和稳定性优于鸡蛋壳仿生耐压壳,具有较好的耐压特性;球形耐压壳储备浮力能力最优,鹅蛋形、鸡蛋形、柱形、椭球形、抛物线形耐压壳的储备浮力能力分别是球的87%、82%、68%、67%、66%;从储备浮力、壳内空间利用率、流线型、乘员舒适性等方面综合比较可知,鹅蛋壳仿生耐压壳可为深水耐压壳设计提供有效参考。     

参激振动对顺应式垂直通路立管涡激振动的影响

顺应式垂直通路立管(CVAR)是目前处于研究阶段的一种新型的立管类型,在海流作用下产生涡激振动,在平台垂荡运动作用下产生参数激励振动。为了研究参数激励的影响,本文引入尾流振子模型模拟漩涡脱落对立管的作用,同时考虑浮式平台升沉运动产生的参数激励,建立了CVAR参激-涡激联合振动方程,获取联合作用下的动力响应,并与纯涡激振动响应进行对比。结果表明,在相同的流速下CVAR中部涡激振动幅值最大,流速的增大会导致涡激振动的频率增大,发生高阶锁振,高阶锁振振动幅值比低阶锁振振动幅值小。考虑参数激励之后,较纯涡激振动而言,立管的振动幅值增大;当参激频率与涡激振动频率接近时,立管的振动幅值最大。     

基于CFD的船舶货舱通风数值模拟

以某集装箱船的货舱通风系统为研究对象,根据船舶舱室的通风系统的特点,采用合理的数值模拟方法,并利用拉格朗日粒子示踪的方法描述舱室中的气体流动状况.在此基础上,分析比较3种不同的通风设计方案,通过对比分析研究送风管上开孔朝向和数目对通风效果的影响,确定对通风最有利的方案.模拟结果表明,应用CFD技术进行通风系统分析,可以很好地从流场的分布特性以及空气粒子的运动追踪等方面来评估设计方案的优劣,为通风系统的设计、优化提供有力的工具.     

模块化小型水下航行器设计及其水动力学性能研究

基于模块化思想,设计一种小型水下航行器,该航行器共分为艏舱、前侧推进舱、前浮力舱、主控舱、后浮力舱、后侧推进舱和艉舱7个舱室,并在航行器上安装可拆卸式滑翔翼板,由滑翔翼提供向上升力。设计完成后,建立航行器的三维数值仿真模型,采用CFD软件对其进行水动力学性能预报,分析水下航行器的流场分布以及不同攻角下的升力和阻力特性,并通过试验验证数值仿真结果的准确性,为新型水下小型航行器的设计提供研究思路。     

高水头船闸阀门顶止水安装变形试验与数值模拟

针对高水头船闸反弧门顶止水安装变形的问题,采用止水切片试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究半圆头型止水在不同安装荷载作用下的变形轮廓、位移变形、头部凸起和接触宽度等安装变形规律及等效应力分布规律.结果表明,基于力学试验获得原型材料参数和接触力学计算理论,止水变形数值模拟结果与1∶1切片试验结果吻合较好;随着安装扭矩增大,止水半圆形头部凸起高度近似线性增大,胸墙处止水接触宽度呈非线性变化趋势;止水头部与压板、座板接触边界位置应力梯度最大,是止水最易发生损坏的部位.     

全海深载人潜水器用浮力材料的初步研究

目前我国有两台全海深载人潜水器和几台全海深无人潜水器和着陆器正在研制。在所有的这些深海装备中,全海深载人潜水器代表着深海技术的制高点。要设计一台全海深载人潜水器,如何来选择浮力材料就是其中的关键问题之一。文章针对全海深载人潜水器浮力材料选择过程中所涉及的各种问题开展初步研究。通过研究,获得的主要结论是,满足规范要求的1.5倍安全系数的浮力材料目前还没有。如果要降低安全系数,根据有限的试验数据的经验外插,可以把安全系数降至1.4,但需要对满足1.4倍安全系数的浮力材料开展深入的吸水率特性研究。同时,针对现有浮力材料密度过大的问题,文中提出了一种在大型浮力块中添加陶瓷球的思路,可以把密度从0.7 g/cm~3下降至0.64 g/cm~3。该文的研究可为全海深载人潜水器浮力材料的选择提供一定的理论基础。     

The wet-towing resistance of the composite bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines

The composite bucket foundation (CBF) is a new and environmentally-friendly foundation for offshore wind turbines. This foundation can be prefabricated in batches onshore followed by integrated transport and installation at sea. The structure itself has a subdivision air cushion structure that enables the foundation to float stably on the water surface and realize long-distance towing of the foundation. The mechanism of this air-liquid-solid coupling towing process is complicated, and the influence of the bulkheads on the towing resistance is not clear. In this paper, the influence of the subdivision structure on the towing resistance of the CBF is compared with the tow test in hydrostatic water. The structural motion characteristics and the change of the cushion pressure are also analysed. Experiments are used to verify numerical calculation results. The flow field difference between the CBF with bulkheads, the CBF without bulkheads and the real floating structure was analysed. The dynamic pressure coefficient was used to analyze the force at surfaces of different CBF's. For the tow test and numerical calculation of multiple CBFs, the optimal multi-CBF tow distance and towage number are obtained through the calculation of energy consumption rate.     

Numerical Simulation of Float-Over Installation for Offshore Platform

In this paper, a numerical investigation of a float-over installation for an offshore platform is presented to verify the feasibility of the actual installation. The hydrodynamic performance of a T-barge is investigated in the frequency domain, and the coupled motions are analyzed in the time domain. We then compare with those of the model test and determine that the response amplitude operator and the time series agree quite well. The barge exhibits favorable hydrodynamic behavior in the considered sea state, and the equipment loads are allowable. The mooring system and sway fender forces are within the permissible range. Based on these results, we can verify that the actual installation of the offshore platform is feasible. We accurately simulated many important factors and effectively reduced the risk associated with the offshore installation, which is of great importance. As such, we demonstrate that the numerical simulation of the float-over installation for offshore platforms has practical engineering significance.