LNG旁靠FSRU码头系泊的水动力性能试验研究

本文对码头系泊的FSRU和LNG船的水动力性能进行了研究,分别对FSRU单船码头和FSRU-LNGC并排码头系泊进行了模型试验.码头与船和船与船之间均采用系泊缆和靠垫进行连接.试验中考虑了风、流、浪等环境因素对码头系泊系统的影响.在风浪流模型试验中,分别测量了不同海况下系泊系统的动态响应,其中包括FSRU和LNG船的六自由度运动响应、系泊缆张力和靠垫接触力.相比较其它浪向,横浪(90°)引起的船舶运动更大,进而导致系泊缆和靠垫的受力增大.结果还表明,FSRU单船码头系泊在所有海况下安全性较好,但对于LNG船旁靠FSRU码头系泊系统,其对环境的响应非常敏感,尤其是横浪环境.     

Characteristics of low-frequency motions of ships moored inside ports and harbors on the basis of field observations

In order to understand characteristics of low-frequency motions of ships moored inside ports and harbors, analysis on actual cargo handling logbook of stevedoring services company, including events of interruption of cargo handling, and countermeasure for ship mooring problems are investigated by field observations at two ports and numerical simulation on moored ship motions. First model port concerns with interruption of cargo handling due to the low-frequency motions. Second model port relates to a resonant effect of long-period waves or harbor oscillations, and its countermeasure by mooring system. From the investigation, it is confirmed that the low-frequency motions of ships are induced by a resonance between surge motions and long-period waves or harbor oscillations and an asymmetry in the mooring system, and affect safe ship mooring and operation efficiency of cargo handling in ports and harbors significantly.     

大型LNG船舶系泊条件试验研究

以某开敞式LNG接收站码头工程为例,通过物理模型,采用国内先进的仪器设备和试验手段,包括国内第一台可吸收式L型造波机等,模拟了风、浪、流对系泊船舶的共同作用,分析探讨了大型LNG船舶系缆力和撞击力对风浪流三种环境荷载不同方向的响应。通过优化系缆墩的布置和系缆方式,达到了LNG船舶安全系泊要求,为工程设计和运营提供了依据。     

系泊船舶动力学特性的计算机仿真研究

以三阶操纵运动方程为基础，引入定常的风力、潮流作用力和二阶波浪力，建立了系泊系统三自由度的运动微分方程。在此数学模型的基础上．建立了系泊系统的多自由度的计算机仿真模型。在潮流作用、潮流和风作用以及风浪流联合作用等三种情形下，对系泊船舶的动力学响应分别进行了仿真研究。研究表明，系泊系统的动力学行为具有强烈的非线性特征。对于单点系泊船舶而言，在定常的风浪流作用下．顶风顶浪顶流状态并不一定是最为危险的工况。     

系泊系统的时域仿真及其非线性动力学特性分析

应用时域仿真的方法研究了系泊系统的非线性动力学特性。以三阶操纵运动方程为基础,引入定常的风力、潮流作用力和二阶波浪力,建立了系泊系统三自由度的运动微分方程。在此数学模型的基础上,建立了系泊系统的多自由度的计算机仿真模型。在风浪流联合作用的情形下,对一艘单点系泊油轮的动力学行为进行了仿真研究。以潮流速度和系缆程度为分岔控制参数,在参数平面上给出了局部分岔集。研究表明,系泊系统的动力学行为具有强烈的非线性特征。在仿真过程中观察到了吸引子的共存和Hopf分岔。局部分岔集将参数平面分为3个系统动力学行为本质不同的区域。极值系泊力水平与系泊系统的动力学行为有着密切的关系。对于单点系泊船舶而言,顶风顶浪顶流的状态并不一定是最为危险的工况。局部分岔集的确定为系泊系统参数的选择提供了决策依据。     

船舶靠帮模型试验中缆绳和碰垫的非线性特性模拟方法

船与船在海浪中进行补给、转运等作业是一个非常复杂的过程,在波浪水池中进行模型模拟试验,了解靠帮系统的运动和受力特性,必须考虑每一个细节.本文针对模型试验,重点介绍了具有非线性弹性特性的系泊缆绳和碰垫的模拟方法,并给出了试验结果.从模拟的缆绳和碰垫弹性曲线以及试验结果来看,本文所用的缆绳和碰垫模拟方法是可行的,可以用于今后其他类似的模型试验中.     

Validation of a dynamic mooring model coupled with a RANS solver

Standard design procedures and simulation tools for marine structures are aimed primarily for use by the offshore oil and gas. Mooring system restoring forces acting on floating offshore structures are obtained from a quasi-static mooring model alone or from a coupled analysis based on potential flow solvers that do not always consider nonlinear mooring-induced restoring forces, fluid structure interactions, and associated hydrodynamic damping effects. This paper presents the validation of a dynamic mooring system analysis technique that couples the dynamic mooring model with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations solver. We coupled a dynamic mooring model with a RANS equations solver, and analyzed a moored floating buoy in calm water, regular and irregular waves and validated our motion and mooring force predictions against experimental measurements. The mooring system consisted of three catenary chains. The analyzed response comprised decaying oscillating buoy motions, linear and quadratic damping characteristics, and tensile forces in mooring lines. The generally favorable comparison of predicted buoy motions and mooring forces to experimental data confirmed the reliability of our implemented coupling technique to predict system response. Additional comparative results from a potential flow solver demonstrated the benefits of the coupled dynamic mooring model with RANS equations. The successful validated tool of coupling the dynamic mooring model with the RANS solver is available as open source, and it shows the potential of the coupled methodology to be used for analyzing the moored offshore structures.     

深水半潜式平台运动响应及截面波浪载荷模型实验研究

半潜平台在恶劣的海洋环境中将承受极端的环境载荷,从而导致相应的大幅运动,截面载荷以及系泊力。文章对一艘系泊在南海的典型半潜平台进行了综合试验研究。为了测量中纵剖面上的波浪载荷,半潜平台模型从中纵剖面处被剖开,并用3个六分力传感器进行连接。结果表明,当波浪周期在10 s附近时,中纵剖面处的截面传递函数达到最大值。而低频长波以及差频波浪成分对剖面载荷影响很小。文中还分别针对仅有波浪作用的海况和风、浪、流联合作用的海况,对半潜平台的运动和载荷情况进行了研究,发现风和流对平台波频运动影响较小,而对于低频运动,其影响要大于波浪作用。随着风和流的出现,中纵剖面的剪切力,分离力以及垂向弯矩增幅分别可达127.07%,51.87%和45.77%。与此同时,在风、浪、流的联合作用下,最大锚链力与锚链的破断强度比值达到了62.3%,接近规范中66.6%的限制。     

计及叶片载荷的双机对转式海流发电机系泊系统动力分析

本文设计了一种新型的双机对转式海流发电机并对其系泊系统与叶片载荷和直径关系进行模拟分析。首先将单机式海流发电机与已有研究进行对比验证其可靠性，然后在不改变系泊方式的前提下，设计出双机式结构，并通过分析机身位移和旋转比较两种系统的稳定性。为考虑叶片载荷对系泊系统影响，在Orcaflex中对不同精细程度的叶片进行建模，分别对比单一翼型/三翼型/九翼型的数值模拟结果。接着使用M-BEMT软件优化后的翼型参数，对比使用原始升阻力系数的三翼型发电机的模拟结果，同时将使用不同直径叶片的发电机系统进行对比，说明双机式发电机的稳定性更优，对海流发电机及其系泊系统的设计提供重要参考价值。     

波流联合作用下的船舶系泊

通过波流联合作用下开敞式深水码头系泊试验研究成果的分析,阐述了流对系泊船舶的作用性质,波流联合作用下系泊船舶动态特征,缆绳选择及系缆方式,并对试验方法的选取提出了建议。     

桁架式Spar平台在波浪中的运动预报与实验测量

基于细长体水动力公式和刚体全非线性运动方程,以及桁架式Spar平台主体与其锚泊系统相互耦合的力和位移边界条件,建立了桁架式Spar平台在波浪中的运动响应预报模型,对其在波浪中的运动和锚泊力进行了预报。通过运动光学测量系统和拉力传感器在哈尔滨工程大学水池对Spar平台模型在波浪中的运动和锚泊力进行了测量。数值预报结果和实验测量进行了比较,结果表明二者符合得很好。     

3-D computational method of wave loads on turret moored FPSO tankers

A three-dimensional method of calculating wave loads of turret moored FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) tankers is presented. The linearized restoring forces acting on the ship hull by the mooring system are calculated according to the catenary theory, which are expressed as the function of linear stiffness coefficients and the displacements of the upper ends of mooring chains. The hydrodynamic coefficients of the ship are calculated by the three-dimensional potential flow theory of the linear hydrodynamic problem for ships with a low forward speed. The equations of ship motions are established with the effect of the restoring forces from the mooring system included as linear stiffness coefficients. The equations of motions are solved in frequency domain, and the responses of wave-induced motions and loads on the ship can be obtained. A computer program based on this method has been developed, and some calculation examples are illustrated. Analysis results show that the method can give satisfying prediction of wave loads.     

风流作用下码头系泊船舶缆绳张力及运动量研究

基于力的平衡关系建立了系泊船舶在风和潮流作用下缆绳张力和运动的计算模型(Qmoor),其中根据船舶类型和吨位确定其水下的迎流面积和水上的迎风面积,由经验性公式计算风、流对码头前船舶的作用力,缆绳张力采用考虑缆绳非线性变形的Wilson公式计算,同时也考虑了护舷的变位与靠泊力之间的非线性关系。计算结果与物理模型试验结果较一致,且与Optimoor软件的计算结果进行了对比。     

长周期波浪影响下连片式码头系泊布置优化

为改善长周期波浪影响下连片式码头的泊稳条件,结合工程实例,利用数值分析软件分析长周期波浪作用下连片式码头系泊船舶的缆绳张力、船舶运动量特点,提出改善长周期波浪影响下泊位系泊稳定性的关键因素。结果表明,随着波周期的增大,系泊船舶的缆绳张力、船舶运动量均会显著增大;系泊优化的关键在于增加系泊体系的弹性以便吸收船舶的动能量。系泊优化措施包括增加缆绳长度、采用非刚性缆绳系泊或增加缆绳的尼龙尾缆长度。采取系泊优化措施后,可大幅降低长周期波浪作用下缆绳张力,达到系泊布置优化目的。     

快速脱缆钩过载问题分析与解决措施研究

本文介绍了巴基斯坦卡西LNG码头双船并靠模式的快速脱缆钩布置和选型方法,介绍了FSRU/LNG船舶的系缆过程以及在这个过程中发生的快速脱缆钩过载停车故障问题,针对停车故障问题,分别进行了三次现场检测研究,通过检测引缆过程中快速脱缆钩绞盘电动机内的电压和电流,计算出电动机的实际功率和实际拉力,并针对检测结果的详细分析研究,得出快速脱缆钩绞盘电动机停车故障原因并相应提出不同的解决方案,最终给出最优的快速脱缆钩改造方案,在改造后所有快速脱缆钩均未再发生过载停车故障。相关的检测和研究方法可以为其他港口工程相似问题提供参考。     

群性波列作用下系泊船舶的水动力响应数值模拟

该文根据随机波群的模拟方法,模拟得到具有同一有效波高,有效周期但不同群性的随机波列,研究了不同群高参数GFH和群长参数GLF的波列作用下系泊船的运动响应及缆绳张力。数值计算结果表明,系泊船横移运动量和缆绳张力呈现随波浪群高的增大而增大的趋势,升沉运动量也略有增加,而波浪群长的变化对系泊船的运动响应及缆绳张力基本没有影响。     

Simplified analysis for estimation of the behavior of a submerged floating tunnel in waves and experimental verification

To achieve rational design in waves for a submerged floating tunnel which has emerged as a new offshore transportation infrastructure, it's necessary to understand its hydrodynamic behavior. For simple but accurate estimation of hydrodynamic forces, a theoretical method is proposed and the tests with physical models in a wave flume were carried out for verification. Morison's equation was used to estimate wave loads composed of inertia force and drag force. Forces calculated by applying the linear wave theory to Morison's equation coincided well with those measured by the tests. The test results showed that mooring systems played a significant role in the movement of the submerged floating tunnel in waves. A pendulum model could be used to describe the motion of the submerged floating tunnel with a single vertical mooring. Based on the verified relations, a simple slack condition which causes the submerged floating tunnel to be unstable was also proposed. The simplified approach proposed by this study proved to be useful in designing the submerged floating tunnel in the initial stage.     

开敞蝶形码头泊位长度研究综述

随着我国港口深水化、泊位离岸化的发展趋势,设计对开敞式码头相关标准的认识、应用都更加深入。近年来开敞蝶形码头的布置,尤其是泊位长度成为研究重点,物理模型试验结合数学模型分析计算是优化泊位长度的主要方式。比较国内外泊位布置模式,系缆力分析和均匀缆绳张力分布以及不同动力荷载下减少靠泊船舶运动量是研究的主要内容。已有码头泊位长度研究成果多倾向于英国、OCIMF等标准。     

Mooring load of a ship single-point moored in a steady current

The Technical Committee I.2 of the 14th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress 2000 identified the occurrence of highly peaked loads in the mooring hawser of single-point moored (SPM) ships as an important issue. Industry, research laboratories and universities were requested to contribute to a systematic study investigating the mooring load of two single-point moored tankers subject to a steady current. Contributions were received from three industrial participants, one research laboratory, and three universities. Comparative simulated time histories of the mooring load as well as the corresponding horizontal motion response of the SPM tankers were analyzed. A relatively large spread characterized the predicted results.     

大型液化天然气码头的系缆力分析

大型专业化液化天然气码头系泊作业安全问题，特别是液化天然气船在风、浪、流作用下的系缆力分析，越来越受到、码头建设和管理方的关注。结合某工程实例，应用国际上著名的系缆力分析软件OPTIMOOR，计算船舶风荷载、水流力及波浪引发的船舶运动量，对风、浪、流综合作用下船舶的系缆力进行分析，并对比不同泊位长度对系缆力的影响。