海上风电复合筒型基础抗波浪液化研究

海上风电复合筒型基础周围海床在波浪作用下会发生液化现象,近年来许多学者都对海床抗液化措施进行了研究。采用基于开源软件OpenFOAM建立的波浪-海床-结构物相互作用的CFD-CSD耦合模型,模拟求解波浪作用下海床动力响应及考虑结构物的复杂波浪荷载条件下的响应问题。通过数值模拟复合筒型基础周围的海床表面覆盖不同块石下的动力响应和液化范围分布,表明上覆块石层厚度越大,抗液化效果越好。     

波浪作用下海上风力发电装置基础海床的液化研究

基于FLOW软件建立三维数值波浪水池模型,模拟海上风力发电装置筒型基础周边的波浪场和海床表面的波压力,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立筒型基础及周边海床的三维动力响应数值模型,研究不同波浪条件下筒型基础周边海床的动力响应和液化深度。研究结果表明：波浪作用下海上风电筒型基础迎浪侧的海床易发生液化,风力发电装置基础周围海床的液化深度随波高加大而增加,由于筒型基础的人土深度较大,筒内土体不发生液化。     

非线性立波作用下砂质海床动力响应及液化研究

利用傅立叶级数近似法求解非线性立波作用下海床表面波压力,基于波浪作用下海床动力响应的二维准静态模型以及液化判定标准,模拟非线性立波作用下海床动力响应以及液化深度。线性与非线性立波计算结果比较表明:当相对水深较大时,非线性立波波峰处波压力出现双峰,波谷处的波压力明显大于线性立波波谷处波压力;海床中孔隙水压力在波峰时也表现出双峰型特性,且波谷时的海床压力增大;在相同波浪条件下,非线性立波作用下海床更易液化,且液化深度大于线性立波作用下液化深度。     

淤泥质海岸波致液化及航道骤淤问题初步研究

研究波浪与淤泥海床相互作用导致的海床液化、体积冲刷和高浓度近底悬沙的层移输运问题。采用de Wit提出的液化判别条件及计算方法,结合连云港近岸波浪和淤泥力学特征,计算不同来波条件下淤泥质海床的液化深度;进一步考虑浑水中含沙量对流速的折减影响,计算液化层运移速度分布。计算结果表明,大浪条件下,淤泥质海床可能有较大的液化深度,但层移厚度不大。由于层移含沙量较高,在近底水流驱动下仍能形成较大的输沙率和一定规模的大风天航道骤淤。有关研究成果为海床稳定性分析和输沙计算提供了新的思路和方法。     

波浪作用下可渗沙质海床模型相似率研究*

海床渗流是海洋工程设计中重点考虑的因素之一，其影响着建筑物的稳定性，严重时还会引起海床液化。现有波浪与海床相互作用的有关研究尚未解决实验室内海床的模拟方法问题。基于此，进行波浪作用下可渗沙质海床模型相似率研究，通过系列波浪水槽物理模型试验，基于原型孔隙水压力与模型值相似的条件，提出实验室内模拟海床的相似准则。结果表明：沙质海床相似比尺与模型几何比尺的关系为λ海床=λ1/3。     

砂质海床特性对单桩所受波浪荷载的影响

砂质海床特性极大地影响波浪与海工单桩基础结构的相互作用,而将多孔介质海床简化为刚性、不可渗透固体海床,忽视了多孔介质海床对波浪能量的影响。研究砂质海床孔隙率、介质颗粒平均粒径对单桩所受波浪荷载的影响,设计5种不同海床特性的波浪水槽试验。研究结果表明:在相同波浪条件下,砂质海床结构内部的孔隙流对波浪能量产生衰减作用,随着颗粒直径的增大,波浪能量衰减愈加明显,单桩所受波浪荷载越小。当海床孔隙率较小,海床结构内部水流运动微弱,多孔结构对波浪消能作用不明显。当海床孔隙率进一步增加,海床结构内部水流运动增强,多孔结构对波浪消能作用显著,单桩所受波浪荷载明显减弱。     

复合筒型基础周围土体在波浪作用下的动力响应

利用OpenFOAM模拟数值波浪水槽,将复合筒型基础周围海床受到的波压力作为初始条件输入有限元软件ABAQUS,建立波浪作用下海床动力响应模型。数值模拟结果与实验结果及解析解吻合较好。运用此模型进行了复合筒型基础周围海床在行进波作用下动力响应研究和土体特性对波浪作用下海床动力响应的影响分析,结果表明,海床孔隙水压衰减速度随着海床渗透系数和弹性模量的增加而增大。     

海底埋管的上浮风险

海底输油输气、离岸深水排污和滨海电厂取排水等都经常建设海底管道,波浪、潮流等水动力引起的海床变形和稳定性是海底管道工程设计中必须考虑的关键问题之一。大直径管道的综合密度往往小于天然淤泥的密度,管道埋设采用原土覆盖回填时可能发生上浮。在波浪作用下,覆盖层发生沙土液化,管道也可能浮出床面,发生事故。通过分析回填土的密度变化规律和范围,以及波浪作用下的沙土液化规律,分析特定工程海上埋管的上浮风险。     

随机波浪作用下砂质海床中的孔隙水压力响应

本文以动弹性固结理论和线性渗流理论为基础，建立了求解随机波浪作用下饱和砂质海床中孔隙水压力响应的有限元方程，并用Wilson-θ法进行动力响应求解。海床可为具有任何边界条件的分层分块介质，作用波浪可为任何形态的随机波浪。忽略波浪和海床的动态相互作用，海床面上的波浪压力可先按各种波浪理论进行计算，之后作为边界塔荷载作用于海床。计算孔隙水压力与模型实验的量测值吻合较好。通过计算讨论分析了砂质海床中的孔隙水压力响应。     

钢管桩基础周围海床在极端波浪作用下的瞬时液化分析

以广东某原油码头工程为例,基于不可压缩粘性流动的Navier-Stokes方程和Biot固结理论,建立极端波浪作用下钢管桩周围密实海床的有限元数值模型,得到海床动力响应的过程。通过敏感性分析的方法探讨波高、水深、桩径对瞬时液化深度的影响。其研究结果为可为工程项目提供解决工程问题的思路,也为类似工程提供安全性的参考。     

Experimental study on seismic vibration control of an offshore wind turbine with TMD considering soil liquefaction effect

Wind energy is clean and sustainable. Taiwan is establishing offshore wind farms using wind turbines in the Taiwan Strait. However, these are located in an earthquake-prone area with sandy seabed conditions. To ensure their safety and reliability, the turbines’ support structure must be protected against wind, waves, and seismic loads. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are commonly employed to reduce structural vibrations. A TMD is more simply incorporated into turbine structures than are other energy dissipation devices. In this study, a 1:25-scale test model with a TMD was constructed and subjected to shaking table tests to experimentally simulate the dynamic behavior of a typical 5-MW wind turbine with a jacket-type support structure and pile foundation. The scaled-down wind turbine model has a nacelle without rotating blades; therefore, the aerodynamic and rotational effects due to the rotating blades were ignored in this study. A large laminar shear box filled with saturated sandy ground was used to simulate the typical seabed conditions of Taiwanese offshore wind farms. The TMD system was designed to be tuned the first-mode frequency of the test model. Two ground accelerations, selected by considering wind farm site condition and near-fault characteristics, were used for excitation in the test. The responses of the test model with and without the TMD system were compared, and the influence of soil liquefaction on the effectiveness of TMD vibration control was addressed.     

近岛礁地形影响下的浮式平台运动响应

近岛礁附近的地形一般呈现高低不平的状态,水深从几十米到几米不等。远场波浪向近岸传递过来时在礁盘上会经过复杂的演化,使得浮体附近的波浪呈现一定的非均匀性,不同于常规的长峰规则波,同时礁盘的起伏变化会对波浪中的浮体的运动产生影响,最终使得浮体在复杂地形下的水动力运动响应不同于一般均一水深下的浮体响应。该文通过建立浮体和礁盘地形的耦合水动力模型,计算了礁盘对浮体入射波力、绕射力、辐射水动力系数以及运动的影响,同时与水池模型试验对比了浮体运动,两者较为一致。研究表明复杂地形对浮体的水动力运动存在较大的影响,在某些周期附近会增大浮体的运动响应,因此需要理性考虑复杂地形对浮体的影响。     

ABAQUS–OlaFlow integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction

In this study, a new one-way integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction is established by integrating the finite element software, ABAQUS, and the open-source fluid dynamics package, OlaFlow. In this new model, the generation and propagation of ocean waves as well as the seepage flow in a porous medium are controlled by OlaFlow; concurrently, the wave-induced dynamic responses of a porous seabed and marine structures are governed by ABAQUS. The reliability of this new model is validated by an analytical solution and a series of wave flume tests. The comparison results show that the new established model has high reliability and feasibility. Finally, this new integrated model is utilized for investigating the wave-induced dynamics of a composite breakwater and its seabed foundation as well as to evaluate the residual horizontal sliding displacement of the caisson of this composite breakwater under wave impact. Because this new integrated numerical model can fully utilize the advantages of both ABAQUS and OlaFlow, it is expected to have broad prospects for application in engineering practice.     

Dynamics of ships running aground

A comprehensive dynamic model is presented for analysis of the transient loads and responses of the hull girder of ships running aground on relatively plane sand, gravel, or rock sea bottoms. Depending on the seabed soil characteristics and the geometry of the ship bow, the bow will plow into the seabed to some extent. The soil forces are determined by a mathematical model based on a theory for frictional soils in rupture and dynamic equilibrium of the fluid phase in the saturated soil. The hydrodynamic pressure forces acting on the decelerated ship hull are determined by taking into account the effect of shallow water. Hydrodynamic memory effects on the transient hull motions are modeled by application of an impulse response technique. The ship hull is modeled as an elastic beam to determine the structural response in the form of flexural and longitudinal stress waves caused by the transient ground reaction and hydrodynamic forces. A number of numerical analysis results are presented for a VLCC running aground. The results include bow trajectory in the seabed, time variation of the grounding force, and the maximum values of the sectional shear forces and bending moments in the hull girder.     

多岛屿、多汊道环境下大型深水港建设中的水沙问题

洋山港海域多岛屿、多汊道,是由大、小洋山两条岛链围成的喇叭口型的海域,潮汐水道以落潮流为主、高含沙量、强潮流,泥沙运动主要以悬沙为主。通道内潮流基本为东南-西北向往复流,潮流平均流速在1.0 m/s,最大流速都在2.0 m/s以上,含沙量在1.0 kg/m3以上。根据其海域边界特点,利用任意三角形网格建立了能较好拟合洋山港海域边界的二维潮流泥沙及地形冲淤变化数学模型。应用2006年4月实测水文泥沙及地形冲淤资料进行了验证,验证结果表明,该海域潮位及定点同步垂线流速、流向、含沙量过程的计算值与实测值吻合良好,洋山港海域通道内地形冲淤变化情况和实测值接近,较好地复演了洋山港一、二期工程建设后海域流场、含沙量场和地形变化。     

利用水文测验资料预测海床冲淤演变趋势

利用平衡含沙量建立海床冲淤计算公式,由此导出海床冲淤指标新概念,得出海床冲淤判别式,用来预测海床冲淤演变趋势。进一步利用上海国际航运中心洋山港区全潮水文测验资料,计算出海床冲淤指标,预测该海区海床冲淤趋势,预测结果与现场实测很一致。