组织工程修复软骨基质蛋白聚糖代谢的初步探讨

目的 检测软骨修复组织中蛋白聚糖相关代谢指标,初步探讨在软骨修复过程中基质蛋白聚糖的代谢变化以及基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs)和蛋白聚糖酶(aggrcanases)的作用.方法 松质骨骨基质明胶(bone matrix gelatin, BMG)复合同种异体软骨细胞构建组织工程化软骨,体内植入修复兔膝关节骨软骨缺损.术后6个月取材检测蛋白聚糖合成表位3-B-3(-)、MMPs、MMPs裂解表位BC-4 以及aggrcanases裂解表位BC-13的表达情况.结果 在修复组织中,蛋白聚糖合成表位3-B-3(-)表达增加,MMPs及其裂解表位BC-4表达减低,而aggrcanases裂解表位BC-13表达阴性.结论 利用蛋白聚糖合成表位3-B-3(-)、MMPs、BC-4、BC-13的表达情况可以初步了解修复软骨组织中蛋白聚糖的代谢变化,修复软骨组织蛋白聚糖的合成大于分解,MMPs在兔关节修复软骨基质蛋白聚糖的基础代谢和重塑中具有重要作用.     

自制磷酸钙骨水泥人工骨修复骨缺损的实验研究

目的　观察自制水泥型羟基磷灰石 (CPC)人工骨修复兔桡骨大段骨缺损的成骨效果。方法　将自制的CPC人工骨植入新西兰兔桡骨大段骨缺损模型中 ,术后 4、8、12、16周取材 ,采用HE染色和Masson三色染色分析评价骨缺损修复效果。结果　CPC植入后 4周有新生软骨形成及未成熟的骨组织 ,可见大量的软骨细胞、成骨细胞、胶原组织及较多的小血管。 8～ 16周新骨继续生成 ,人工骨逐渐改建为成熟的板层骨、骨小梁和髓腔结构。结论　自制CPC人工骨有良好的生物相容性和成骨效果 ,可能是一种较理想的骨移植替代材料     

脱钙松质骨体外构建组织工程软骨的实验研究

目的软骨细胞复合同种异体脱钙松质骨(demineralized cancellous bone,DCB)体外构建组织工程软骨,评价DCB作为组织工程软骨支架的可行性。方法取新西兰兔长骨干骺端松质骨制备DCB,扫描电镜观察;分离幼兔关节软骨细胞,原代培养后种植在同种异体DCB体外培养,分别于7、14、21、28、35、42d取材进行苏木素-伊红(HE)、甲苯胺蓝(TB)、Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型胶原染色。结果制备的DCB成三维立体多孔结构,孔隙大小100~500μm,有良好的可塑性和一定的力学强度;软骨细胞在DCB表面和空隙内生长、分化良好,形成软骨陷窝,分泌基质蛋白聚糖和Ⅱ型胶原。培养42d软骨细胞在DCB表面及孔隙内形成软骨样组织。结论 DCB复合同种异体软骨细胞在体外成功构建了组织工程软骨,是一种较理想的软骨组织工程支架材料。     

自由基对兔关节软骨细胞超微结构的影响

本研究采用体外培养兔关节软骨细胞的方法,建立黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶系产生的内源性自由基对软骨细胞影响的实验模型。用倒置显微镜动态观察,扫描及透射电镜超微结构观察等研究方法,初步探讨了内源性自由基对兔关节软骨细胞的影响。结果表明:黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶系产生的内源性自由基对软骨细胞具有损伤作用。提示软骨老化、变性、一些变性性关节疾病,如大骨节病、关节炎的发生可能与自由基有关。     

家兔肋软骨膜移植再生关节软骨的实验研究

作者将14例家兔的肋软骨膜移植于剥去关节软骨的下颌髁状突骨床上,以电镜为主观察了自体软骨膜再生关节软骨的过程。结果见软骨形成开始于术后第14天,此时膜中出现软骨细胞,形成软骨基质;1月时软骨分层并开始改建,软骨细胞呈典型形态,伴有丰富的粗面内质网和高尔基氏器,提示其分泌活动旺盛;术后2月时细胞器减少;4～6月时软骨细胞呈现退变,而软骨形态已接近正常的关节软骨。作者还讨论了软骨膜移植物形成关节软骨以及软骨改建的机理。     

自由基对体外培养兔、人胚软骨细胞的影响

采用体外培养兔关节软骨细胞、人胚软骨细胞的方法，研究黄嘌呤—黄嘌呤氧化酶系产生的自由基对软骨细胞的影响。应用多项生化指标及光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察方法以判断自由基对软骨细胞的影响。实验结果表明，黄嘌呤—黄嘌呤酶系产生自由基对软骨细胞具有损伤作用。提示软骨老化、变性、炎性关节疾病时中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞释放的氧自由基是引起软骨损伤的重要原因。     

羟磷灰石陶瓷修复牙周骨缺损的实验研究

牙周病骨缺损是临床牙齿松动脱落的主要原因之一。本研究采用与骨组织成份相似的HAC植入牙周骨缺损区。结果证明,羟磷灰石陶瓷(HAC)与牙槽骨、牙根有良好的组织相容性。组织学观察发现,HAC植入后为新生骨组织包绕,结合为HAC-骨质复合体,可长期存留于新形成的骨组织内而不被吸收。研究结果表明HAC具有骨引导能力,是修复牙周骨缺损的良好材料。     

氧自由基对人胚软骨细胞DNA基质成分及超微结构的影响

本实验采用体外软骨细胞培养方法,观察由黄嘌呤—黄嘌呤氧化酶产生的自由基对人胚软骨细胞DNA、基质蛋白多糖、胶原合成功能及超微结构的影响。结果表明该酶系产生的自由基抑制人胚软骨细胞DNA、蛋白多糖、胶原的合成,对软骨细胞膜及细胞器具有明显的损伤作用,从而间接说明某些炎性关节疾病时活化中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞释放的氧自由基是引起关节软骨损伤的重要因素。     

IL-1β和MMP-13在兔骨关节炎模型软骨和滑液中的表达

目的评价兔膝关节内侧半月板损伤制作骨关节炎(OA)模型的方法的可行性,探讨白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和金属蛋白酶-13(MMP-13)在兔骨关节炎模型软骨和滑液病变中的作用机制。方法新西兰大白兔40只,随机分为实验组(n=30)和对照组(n=10),于术后2、6、12周观察股骨髁关节软骨的病理变化并进行评分;用免疫组化方法检测关节软骨中IL-1β和MMP-13的表达情况;用酶联免疫吸附法测定关节液中IL-1和MMP-13的含量。结果实验组和对照组在大体和病理观察不同时间点关节软骨评分及HE染色差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。免疫组织化学检测结果显示IL-1β在两组中均有表达,实验组和对照组2周时细胞分数差异无统计学意义,6、12周差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MMP-13在对照组关节软骨细胞中未见表达,实验组的关节软骨细胞中可见MMP-13蛋白的表达,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。关节滑液中IL-1β表达和在软骨中表达一致。结论采用损伤兔膝关节半月板的方法可建立合理的动物OA模型;IL-1β和MMP-13在OA发病过程中表达水平有明显变化,需要进一步的临床研究来探讨其是否可以作为早期诊断OA的指标之一。     

姜黄素对单碘乙酸诱导的膝骨关节炎大鼠的治疗作用

目的探讨姜黄素对单碘乙酸诱导的骨关节炎(OA)大鼠的治疗作用。方法将36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3个实验组:对照组(CON组),模型组(OA组,OA+DMSO)和治疗组(CUR组,OA+DMSO+姜黄素)。采用单次注射单碘乙酸(MIA)于大鼠右侧膝关节腔建立大鼠膝关节OA模型,对照组注射相同体积的生理盐水。3 d后治疗组腹腔注射姜黄素进行治疗,模型组注射相同体积的DMSO。分别于治疗2周、3周后观察各组大鼠膝关节肿胀情况并进行后爪回缩实验;取膝关节软骨标本,于解剖显微镜下观察股骨髁和胫骨平台并进行Pelletier评分;制作关节软骨组织冰冻切片,并进行HE、甲苯胺蓝、番红O染色和Mankin评分。结果模型组软骨缺损严重、表面粗糙,滑膜增生硬化并伴有炎症改变,骨赘出现;治疗组关节软骨得到明显修复,软骨表面相对光滑,无明显增生及骨赘。模型组与治疗组Pelletier评分、Mankin评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论姜黄素具有减缓关节软骨退化,修复坏损的关节软骨,降低炎症的作用。本研究为姜黄素作为治疗膝骨关节炎潜在的临床药物提供了实验基础和依据。     

关节内注射川芎嗪对兔膝关节软骨退变的影响

目的观察川芎嗪关节腔内注射对骨关节炎过程中软骨退变的保护作用,探讨川芎嗪关节腔注射治疗骨关节炎的应用前景。方法健康成熟新西兰大白兔26只,设立正常组、模型组、对照组和实验组。模型组、对照组及实验组建立骨关节炎模型。对照组与实验组分别关节腔注射地塞米松0.3 mL和川芎嗪0.3 mL。每周一次。在模型建立6周和9周时各组分别处死一半动物,去除关节炎模型,取材进行大体标本病理学观察,并经光镜和透射电镜观察膝关节软骨的病理变化。结果在6和9周时,实验组的大体标本软骨损伤分级明显优于其他3组;Mankin软骨组织学评分与上述两组相比,有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);电镜超微结构观察其病理改变明显轻于对照组和模型组。对照组大体标本软骨损伤分级与模型组基本相同;Mankin软骨组织学评分与模型组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);电镜超微结构观察对照组与模型组在细胞形态、细胞内细胞器改变等方面相似。结论关节腔内注射川芎嗪能减轻兔膝关节炎模型的关节软骨退变程度,并可促进软骨的自身修复;激素关节腔内注射对损伤软骨的修复作用不明显。     

THE EFFECT ON PROTEOGLYCAN METABOLISM OF DEOXYNIVALENOL AND SELENIUM IN THE CULTURED HUMAN FETAL CHONDROCYTES IN VITRO

Kashin BeckDisease(KBD)isasevere,en demicosteoarthrosis,butitspathogenesisisstilla pendentproblem.Withregardtoetiologyanalysis,mycotoxinhypothesisandlow seleniumhypothesis havebeenstudiedmoreinChina[1].Thepathologi calfeaturesofKBDarethedegenerationandnec…     

Accurate 3D reconstruction of subject-specific knee finite element model to simulate the articular cartilage defects

The biomechanical relationship between the articular cartilage defect and knee osteoarthritis (OA) has not been clearly defined. This study presents a 3D knee finite element model (FEM) to determine the effect of cartilage defects on the stress distribution around the defect rim. The complete knee FEM, which includes bones, articular cartilages, menisci and ligaments, is developed from computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. This FEM then is validated and used to simulate femoral cartilage defects. Based on the obtained results, it is confirmed that the 3D knee FEM is reconstructed with high-fidelity level and can faithfully predict the knee contact behavior. Cartilage defects drastically affect the stress distribution on articular cartilages. When the defect size was smaller than 1.00 cm², the stress elevation and redistribution were found undistinguishable. However, significant stress elevation and redistribution were detected due to the large defect sizes (⩾1.00 cm²). This alteration of stress distribution has important implications relating to the progression of cartilage defect to OA in the human knee joint.     

STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF T-2 TOXIN AND SELENIUM ON CD44 EXPRESSION IN THE CULTURED HUMAN FETAL CHONDROCYTES IN VITRO

KBD (Kashin BeckDisease)isasevere ,en demicosteoarthrosisandthepathogenesisofitisstillapendentproblem[1] .WiththestudyofetiologyofKBD ,thehypothesisofselenium deficiencyinthesurroundingandfoodcontaminatedbyfungaltoxinisanoticeableone .The pathologicalfeaturesofKBDarethedegenerationandnecrosisofthearticu larcartilage ,disorderofmetabolismofcartilagematrix .Thestudyontheosteoarthrosissuggeststhatthereductionoftheaggregationandincreaseofdeg radationofaggrecanareinitialaffairsifcartilagehasdeg…     

EFFECT OF LOW SELENIUM ON CHONDROCYTE DIFFERENTIATION AND DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF COLLAGEN TYPES Ⅰ , Ⅱ AND X IN ARTICULAR CARTILAGE FROM MINI-PIGS

Objective According to the distribution of low selenium areas, low nutrition state of the residents and the affecting cartilage growth and articular cartilage of Kashin-Beck Disease(KBD),the chondrocyte differentia- tion and differential expression of collagen types Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅹ in articular cartilage from Chinese mini-pigs treated with low selenium were investigated in order to gain insight into the effects of these conditions on chondrocyte differ- entiation in KBD cartilage. Mothods Eleven male juvenile mini-pigs, aged from 4 weeks to 6 weeks after birth, were divided into 3 groups. The Se content in the diet of the “low Se” group was 0. 035mg/kg diet, and 0. 175 mg/kg diet in the control. For Se-supplemented group 0. 390mg /kg diet was added. The content of Se in blood was assayed at the beginning and at the end of each experiment. Samples of articular cartilage were taken from the right femur condylus, and collagen types Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅹ in articular cartilage were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Results ①All cartilage samples from juvenile mini-pigs fed with low selenium diet revealed a re- duction in type Ⅹ collagen mRNA expression in the hypertrophic chondrocytes as shown by in situ hybridization, and reduced type Ⅹ collagen deposition in the lower hypertrophic zone as shown by immunohistochemistry. ②Addition of selenium to the diet restored the type Ⅹ collagen to normal level. ③Type Ⅱ collagen was evenly distributed over the entire articular cartilage in all experimental and control groups. Type Ⅱ collagen mRNA signals were most prominent in the upper articular layer as well as in the hypertrophic zone in all groups. Type Ⅱ collagen expression was restrict- ed to the zone of endochondral ossification in all experimental groups and the control. Conclusion Low selenium has an down-regulatory role on the synthesis and deposition of collagen type Ⅹ in hypertrophic chondrocytes in articular cartilage of mini-pigs. Supplement of the low Se diet with additional Se restored the signals of collagen type Ⅹ to nor- mal levels. These findings indicate that selenium deficiency may disturb chondrocyte differentiation to hypertrophic cells in the growth plate,and worthy to be investigated further.     

CHONDROCYTE APOPTOSIS IN ARTICULAR CARTILAGE WITH KASHIN-BECK DISEASE

Kashin BeckDisease(KBD)isachronic,en demicosteoarthritisaffectingover0.81millionspa tientsand101millionsofpeopleatriskinChina[1]. Thebasicpathologicalfeaturesofthediseaseis chondrocytesdegenerationandnecrosisinthedeep zoneofarticularcartilageandgrowthpl…     

体外诱导软骨细胞形成的实验方法研究

本文用19日～21日胎龄的SD种胎鼠的后肢肌肉与同种大鼠骨基质明胶一起做体外诱导培养,培非液为含3 700 mg/L NaHCO_3的DMEM。培养10日时,8个培养物中有7个出现诱导性软骨细胞。培养15、20、25日时,30个培养物(每个时间点10个培养物)中都出现了诱导性软骨细胞。结果表明,本实验所采用的组织培养方法和含3 700 mg/L NaHCO_3的DMEM培养液完全适用于体外诱导软骨细胞形成。     

甲基叔丁醚溶解胆石及其毒副作用的实验研究

将胆固醇含量为460mg～844mg/kg的人胆石置入家兔胆囊,采用自制的甲基叔丁醚进行溶石实验。结果证明甲基叔丁醚确是一种快速有效的胆石溶剂,但对家兔胆囊和肝脏具有明显毒性损害,临床应用应十分慎重,通过改进灌注方法有助于减轻毒副作用。