公路交通噪声监测方法和防治措施研究

本文分析了交通噪声产生的危害,强调交通噪声防治的重要性,结合现行高速公路交通噪声声环境功能区质量监测、衰减断面监测等监测方法,从路线选择、新技术运用、声传递控制等方面综述了可行且有效的交通噪声防治方法,并提出应基于降低噪声污染源源强角度出发,加强降噪路面及低噪声运输工具研发工作,从源头控制噪声污染,从根本上解决噪声污染问题的建议。     

高速铁路安全评价存在问题及其对策

随着高速铁路建设进入高速发展期，各方舆论对其安全性的关注也逐渐增强，高速运行环境下承载结构的可靠性、系统稳定性，以及产生诸如振动、冲击、噪声、电磁辐射、生态平衡等问题已备受关注。本文通过分析现阶段我国高速铁路安全评价和运营中普遍存在的问题，提出了相应对策和建议，希望能对今后我国高速铁路建设及营运起到一定的指导作用。     

高速公路营运期交通噪声污染与防治措施

公路建设的发展，促进了国民生产总值的增长和社会的进步，同时也加剧了公路交通噪声污染的程度，控制、治理公路交通噪声，改善公路沿线的声环境质量是至关重要的。对高速公路营运期的噪声污染治理措施和控制对策，进行了分析研究。     

高速铁路缩小区域差距的传导机制分析

高速铁路加速了要素、资源的流动性,拓展了市场半径,区域经济更加一体化,对缩小区域差距构建了要素流通和配置机制;高速铁路增强了区域开放程度,为各区域快速增长创造条件,为拓展我国空间发展结构铺平道路;高速铁路拉动了旅游等现代服务业产群的发展,促进了消费,带动了滞后区域的人力资本水平跃迁。     

高速铁路的外部经济效益分析

高速铁路作为交通运输技术的突破性成果,极大地改善了区域内的交通通达情况,改变了区域内的综合交通运输结构,影响了区域内生产要素与市场的布局,在发展过程中对区域经济产生了巨大的拉动作用。然而高铁建设项目国民经济后评价的研究尚不完善,多集中于高速铁路的直接效益与交通方式之间竞争的研究,对于高速铁路对区域经济发展的外部经济效益研究较少。本文通过高速铁路的时间节约效益、能耗环保效益等设施效益与产业结构升级、推动区域经济一体化、形成高铁经济带等外部效应方面,分析高速铁路带来的外部经济效益对区域经济发展的影响。     

浅谈城市隧道降噪——南京市玄武湖隧道降噪设计

城市隧道的噪音问题已成为建设者日益关注的问题，主要噪声源为车行及设备运行噪声，相应的对隧道路面、侧墙、顶部以及相关的设备，特别在隧道口部采取降噪措施，对隧道及周边地区的环境质量的提高将起到一定的作用。     

高速公路运营期声屏障降噪效果监测探讨

文章概述了高速公路交通噪声的特征、危害及主要防治措施,结合声屏障设计、建造、使用特点及现状,提出了定期开展高速公路运营期声屏障降噪效果监测工作的建议及监测方法,可为高速公路声屏障的管理提供参考依据。     

高架轨道交通声屏障设计简述

从声屏障降噪原理、设计要点及声屏障主要型式等方面,系统介绍高架轨道交通列车运行噪声的治理。     

岳望高速公路噪声环境影响跟踪监测与分析

为进一步落实岳望高速公路竣工环保自主验收报告提出的跟踪监测要求,本文筛选了5处代表性点位进行噪声环境影响跟踪调查监测。运用Cadna/A模拟了设置声屏障前后的噪声分布与达标情况,进行了声屏障降噪效果跟踪监测。为高速公路营运期噪声环境日常管理提供了管理经验,也有效缓解了建设项目营运逐步凸显的噪声环境影响。     

高速铁路动车组不断电过分相技术研究

文章介绍了一种用于高速铁路动车组不断电过分相技术。该技术基于先进的电力电子技术,采用大功率晶闸管阀组作为开关装置,开关过程对动车组及接触网无电压电流冲击,动车组在过电分相时不失电,避免了现有车载断电过分相方式中存在的退级降速-重合闸增流加速过程问题,提高了高速铁路运行效率。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.