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针对广州市琶洲大桥北段高架路,本文通过实测分析了高架路两侧PM_(2.5)质量浓度的分布特征,解析了车流量、车型比例、风速风向、温湿度等因素对PM_(2.5)浓度变化的影响,同时建立了高架路机动车尾气排放与扩散模型,并通过模拟值与实测值的对比阐明了误差原因。结果表明:在水平方向上,PM_(2.5)浓度随着与高架路面距离的增加而减小,在垂直方向上,PM_(2.5)浓度随着垂直高度的下降先升高后降低。影响因素分析表明,车流量影响较小,而货车比例、风速风向、温湿度对于PM_(2.5)浓度分布的影响较大。利用实测数据验证了高架路机动车尾气排放与扩散模型能够较好地预测高架路PM_(2.5)浓度的空间分布特征。 相似文献
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选取环境空气中PM2.5、PM10、CO、NO2、O3污染物及空气质量指数(AQI)分析乌鲁木齐市疫情期间交通流量对空气质量的影响。结果表明,在乌鲁木齐市两次疫情交通管制期间,交通流量显著降低,环境空气中PM2.5、PM10、CO、NO2、O3污染物浓度及AQI随之降低,尤其是PM10、CO和NO2浓度下降较为显著。自乌鲁木齐市解除交通管制,车辆恢复正常通行后,PM10、CO及NO2浓度逐渐增加甚至反超同期。鉴于PM、CO及NO2是汽车尾气的主要污染物,因此可推测交通流量增加或降低,环境空气质量也会随之发生变化,尤其是空气中PM10、CO及NO2污染物浓度呈正相关变化。 相似文献
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<正>一个幽灵,代号为PM2.5的幽灵在北京上空徘徊。此幽灵来无影去无踪,看不见闻不到,却害人于无形之中。PM2.5就是空气中粒径在2.5微米以下的可吸入颗粒物。与粒径较大的PM10相比,PM2.5对人体健康的伤害更大,其被吸入人体后会进入支气管,干扰肺部 相似文献
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事实证明,与农村道路建设配套的城乡公交站场基础设施,已经在政府部门的大力推动和农村发展的迫切需求下得到了快速有效的扩张。但是,在城乡公交站场设施飞速发展的背后,却往往由于对其管理不善、维护不当等因素,使之不能发挥正常的站场功能和作用。本文作者结合本职工作,在深入实际调研的基础上,就如何加强城乡公交站场设施的管理、养护工作,建立长效的城乡公交站场设施管养机制进行了分析研究,希望与各位同行一起探讨 相似文献
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基于WRF-CMAQ空气质量模型,定量模拟了我国近周边海域船舶运输活动主要大气污染物排放对沿海区域城市环境空气质量的影响。结果表明,2014年我国沿海周边地区船舶活动对所产生的NOx、SO2、PM2.5和PM10年度平均贡献率分别为5.95%、2.20%、1.46%和1.41%。船舶排放对空气质量影响时间差异性显著,船舶4月和7月的平均贡献约为10%和3.5%,在1月和10月的贡献仅为2%和0.93%。我国近周边海域域船舶活动对年均浓度的贡献率低于6%,沿海船舶营运对环境空气质量的影响总体较小。 相似文献
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随着社会经济迅猛发展,高速公路建设工程项目日益增多。同时,高速公路车流量只增不减,严重影响了公路养护人员及车机设备安全。在“一带一路”经济发展后,这种状况愈发严重。如何在行车流量大、速度高的高速公路上进行养护车机设备安全管理操作。早已成为养护部门关注的焦点。基于此,本文以高速公路及养护机械为切入点,针对高速公路养护车机设备安全管理提出了几点建议,助力提高高速公路养护机械设备作业过程的安全质量。 相似文献
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为研究实时交通信息影响下的出行者出行中路径选择行为,基于效用理论,建立了出行者出行的路径效用最大化的选择规划模型.将出行者的出行路径分割为在决策点的多次路径决策,并利用动态规划方法求解效用最大的路径,得到的结果即交通信息影响下的最优路径.同时,在算例分析中,模拟实时路况的变化,在每个决策点动态加载交通信息,并引入出行者对信息的信任度概念和出行者对信息的信任度学习过程,使得模型可以更加准确描述实际决策过程.算例结果表明,实时交通信息可以有效提升出行者地实际出行效用,并且随着信任度地增加,出行者获得的收益越高. 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本. 相似文献
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This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress. 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part A: General》1991,25(6):407-418
The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda. 相似文献
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Joseph N. Prashker 《Transportation》1979,8(4):329-346
Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area. 相似文献