茂名港沙坝泻湖海岸泥沙运动特征分析

文章根据博贺湾的地形地貌、潮流、风浪、泥沙运动等资料,分析了沿海沙坝泻湖海岸泥沙运动特征,探讨沿海沙坝泻湖地区建设深水大港的可行性。     

定常径流条件下环胶州湾河流来沙数值模拟

胶州湾沿岸河流众多,这些河流每年都能携带大量泥沙进入胶州湾。本文利用三维的ECOMSED水动力-泥沙数值模型对定常径流和含沙量条件下12条河流对胶州湾的输沙进行了数值模拟,得到了胶州湾的余流分布、特征时刻胶州湾内泥沙浓度以及一个潮周期后胶州湾的冲淤分布。     

北塘港航道演变及治理措施研究

通过对蓟运河口径流、潮流、泥沙特性及地形资料的分析,研究了北塘港航道的演变规律和趋势,提出了疏浚与整治相结合的航道治理措施。     

瓯江下游河段污染物质滞留时间数值模拟研究

利用平面二维数学模型对瓯江下游守恒性污染物质滞留时间的空间变化及其对于径流、潮差、初始排放时刻的响应进行了研究.研究将瓯江梅岙至口门河段分为8个子区域分别进行数值试验.数学模型上、下游边界分别采用径流量和潮位控制.上游径流量选取5个代表性流量,下游选取大、中、小潮及混合潮型进行组合研究滞留时间的基本变化规律.研究认为,...     

A finite element model for the Venice Lagoon. Development, set up, calibration and validation

The development, calibration and validation of a two-dimensional finite element model for the Venice Lagoon is described. The model uses a staggered grid for the spatial integration of the water levels and velocities. A semi-implicit numerical time stepping scheme is implemented, which guarantees unconditional stability for the gravity wave propagation. Because of the shallow depths in the lagoon, the model deals also with areas where flooding and drying occur.A first calibration of the model has been performed against harmonic constants of 12 tide gauges located in the lagoon. After this calibration, model output shows a good agreement with a set of water level data referring to a period of calm winds and to another data set of water level data measured in 38 stations during a period of strong winds.Meteorological data and river discharges are used to set up a 1-year long simulation that models the salinity and temperature fields. The temperature time evolution is well simulated. Comparison of model output to salinity data is not straightforward, since input data for the main rivers that discharge freshwater into the lagoon is not available for the year of reference. However, yearly averages of observed values of salinity are in a reasonable agreement with results of a climatological simulation.The presented model shows good propagation of the tidal wave and stability characteristics. It is the first step for a comprehensive model of the Venice Lagoon that deals not only with hydrodynamic variables, but also with sediment transport and ecological processes.     

天津港人工沙滩环抱水域泥沙回淤研究

为提高对环抱堤内水域的泥沙回淤状况的认识,以天津港东疆人工沙滩环抱堤内水域为实例,通过综合分析浑水现象调查、悬沙粒径时空分布、含沙量时空分布、余流等方面的资料得出了环抱堤内水域的泥沙来源,然后采用套图法计算了地形冲淤变化并分析了冲淤原因。结果表明,环抱堤内的浑水主要随涨潮水体自口门外流入;淤积区域的年均淤积厚度约为0.2 m,环流集中区所在的重淤积区的淤积厚度约为平均淤积厚度的2~4倍;口门约束形成的大流速和从口门直接入射的波浪,以及NE向小风区波浪的作用,造成口门—宾馆区沙滩水域出现深度约为0.2 m的冲刷带;环抱堤内水域的冲、淤分布与动力条件分布密切相关。     

Residual circulation in the Ría de Muros (NW Spain): A 3D numerical model study

The residual circulation of the Ría de Muros, a large coastal embayment in NW Spain, are studied using a three-dimensional baroclinic finite-difference model. The driving forces considered by the model include the tide, winds, river inflows and density forcing at the open boundary. In situ data of current velocity and direction, water level, wind velocity and direction, river discharge, and temperature and salinity are used for model validation. Simulated and observed time series of water level and current velocity are in good agreement. Once validated, the model is applied to compute the residual circulation induced by the relevant agents of the ría hydrodynamics—the tide, an upwelling-favourable wind characteristic of spring and summer, a downwelling-favourable wind typical of winter, and freshwater inflows associated with high river runoff. The resulting residual circulation differ notably. The tide does not generate significant residual flows except in the inner ría. By contrast, winds and river discharges induce important residual flows throughout; in the middle and outer ría they generate a 3D residual circulation pattern which renders the conventional two-layer scheme of estuarine circulation too simplistic in this case. Thus, this first application of a 3D numerical model to the Ría de Muros sheds new light on its fundamental hydrodynamics.     

大风期黄骅港外航道的骤淤估算及防淤减淤措施探讨

黄骅港运用后,偏北大风引起外航道的泥沙淤积严重。根据2002年及2003年的实测数据,本文使用新近完善的风、浪、流共同作用下的输沙公式及已编制成的大风期航道回淤预报程序,进行回淤的验证和计算,计算表明:预报结果与实测比较相当符合。参考已有的文献资料,提出了用潜堤作为防淤减淤的措施。     

The importance of estuarine gravitational circulation in the early life of the Bohai Penaeid Prawn

Estuaries along the southern shore of the Bohai Sea are the major habitat of the Bohai Penaeid Prawn (Penaeus chinensis). Since the 80's, however, many of the rivers have been dammed. Field observations, as well as laterally integrated 2-D numerical experiments, were conducted to understand both the role of estuarine gravitational circulation and the impact of the damming of the rivers on the early life of the Bohai Penaeid Prawn.For a river with runoff, especially for small discharge, the gravitational circulation tends to transport the planktonic larvae in their metamorphosis phase near the river mouth where condition is favorable for survival. The gravitational circulation inside the estuary tends to transport the mysis phase larvae towards the upstream end of the estuary when the most part of the larvae suspended in the bottom layer, and it transports the post larvae to the low salinity near upstream side of the estuary when the larvae become benthic, if the larvae enter the estuary.Damming causes long periods of zero runoff in the river, resulting in the alteration of the estuarine circulation and in the change of the estuarine environment. In addition, excess evaporation may prematurely transport the planktonic larvae into the estuary. On the other hand, sudden release of a large volume of freshwater from behind the dam may exert undesirable stress on the larvae.     

甬江及口外海域潮流泥沙数值模拟

建立了甬江河道及口外海域平面二维潮流泥沙数学模型,对2015年6月半个月的潮流场和悬沙场进行模拟,模拟结果与实测资料吻合良好。计算得到了研究区域洪季的余流场和输沙格局,结果表明:甬江口外余流整体由西北指向东南,河道余流指向下游;除口门局部水域,甬江口外输沙格局基本与余流场一致,悬沙经涨潮流的作用被带入甬江河道,致使河道内近口门处的输沙格局由口门向内;甬江口局部区域输沙格局与余流场存在差异的原因是悬沙输移与潮流运动存在时间上的滞后。     

Asymmetry of Columbia River tidal plume fronts

Columbia River tidal plume dynamics can be explained in terms of two asymmetries related to plume-front depth and internal wave generation. These asymmetries may be an important factor contributing to the observed greater primary productivity and phytoplankton standing crop on the Washington shelf. The tidal plume (the most recent ebb outflow from the estuary) is initially supercritical with respect to the frontal internal Froude number F_R on strong ebbs. It is separated from the rotating plume bulge by a front, whose properties are very different under upwelling vs. downwelling conditions. Under summer upwelling conditions, tidal plume fronts are sharp and narrow (< 20–50 m wide) on their upwind or northern side and mark a transition from supercritical to subcritical flow for up to 12 h after high water. Such sharp fronts are a source of turbulent mixing, despite the strong stratification. Because the tidal plume may overlie newly upwelled waters, these fronts can mix nutrients into the plume. Symmetry would suggest that there should be a sharp front south of the estuary mouth under summer downwelling conditions. Instead, the downwelling tidal plume front is usually diffuse on its upstream side. Mixing is weaker, and the water masses immediately below are low in nutrients. There is also an upwelling–downwelling asymmetry in internal wave generation. During upwelling and weak wind conditions, plume fronts often generate trains of non-linear internal waves as they transition from a supercritical to a subcritical state. Under downwelling conditions, internal wave release is less common and the waves are less energetic. Furthermore, regardless of wind conditions, solition formation almost always begins on the south side of the plume so that the front “unzips” from south to north. This distinction is important, because these internal waves contribute to vertical mixing in the plume bulge and transport low-salinity water across the tidal plume into the plume bulge.F_R and plume depth are key parameters in distinguishing the upwelling and downwelling situations, and these two asymmetries can be explained in terms of potential vorticity conservation. The divergence of the tidal outflow after it leaves the estuary embeds relative vorticity in the emerging tidal plume water mass. This vorticity controls the transition of the tidal plume front to a subcritical state and consequently the timing and location of internal wave generation by plume fronts.     

多岛屿、多汊道环境下大型深水港建设中的水沙问题

洋山港海域多岛屿、多汊道,是由大、小洋山两条岛链围成的喇叭口型的海域,潮汐水道以落潮流为主、高含沙量、强潮流,泥沙运动主要以悬沙为主。通道内潮流基本为东南-西北向往复流,潮流平均流速在1.0 m/s,最大流速都在2.0 m/s以上,含沙量在1.0 kg/m3以上。根据其海域边界特点,利用任意三角形网格建立了能较好拟合洋山港海域边界的二维潮流泥沙及地形冲淤变化数学模型。应用2006年4月实测水文泥沙及地形冲淤资料进行了验证,验证结果表明,该海域潮位及定点同步垂线流速、流向、含沙量过程的计算值与实测值吻合良好,洋山港海域通道内地形冲淤变化情况和实测值接近,较好地复演了洋山港一、二期工程建设后海域流场、含沙量场和地形变化。     

长江口南汇边滩短期冲淤变化分析

南汇边滩位于长江口和杭州湾的交汇地带,受长江口和杭州湾北岸两股潮流的控制,近年来由于低潮滩促淤围垦工程导致其水流和泥沙运移、沉积和地貌发生了显著的变化。根据2006—2008年南汇边滩测图及2007年11月—2008年11月每个季度的9个断面测量资料,结合区域内的泥沙沉积特征,探讨南汇边滩对周边涉水围垦工程和流域来水来沙变异做出适应性地貌耦合过程之后的近期冲淤演变规律,着重探讨季节性冲淤特征。结果表明:年度上南汇东滩以淤长为主,南汇南滩以冲刷为主。不同季节南汇边滩冲淤变化过程存在很大差异:平面上,南汇边滩等深线夏、冬季以淤进为主,春、秋季以蚀退为主;垂向上,南汇东滩断面呈春夏秋冲淤交替、冬季淤积的态势,南汇嘴断面呈秋季冲刷、冬夏季淤积的态势,而位于南汇南滩的断面则呈秋冬季冲刷、春夏季淤积态势。南汇东滩沉积物粒径总体上较细,东滩与南滩交汇处的南汇嘴附近中值粒径相对较粗,南汇南滩浅滩沉积物颗粒中值粒径最粗。     

海南东水港水动力泥沙特征研究

东水港位于海南澄迈湾东水泻湖内。针对东水深水港的开发建设,采用自然条件分析、岸滩演变分析、悬沙运动及岸线变化卫星遥感分析、潮流泥沙数模计算等手段,对海南澄迈湾及东水港的水动力泥沙特征进行了分析研究。结果表明,从水动力泥沙条件考虑,澄迈湾东水港具备开发建设成深水大港的良好条件。     

Temporal variations of water flow between the Venetian lagoon and the open sea

Long-term measurements of the water flow at three Venice Lagoon inlets with the bottom-mounted ADCPs show that the main part of the variance (>90%) is associated with the tidal variability. Semi-diurnal constituents (mainly M2 and S2) are responsible for about 80% of the flow variance. Phase-lag between the axial current and sea-level is on the order of 2 h for M2 and 4 h for the K1, the maximum inflow leading the sea-level maximum. Phase-difference of tidal flows between inlets shows that Chioggia leads both Malamocco and Lido, suggesting that tidal signal progresses northward, thus in the opposite direction of both the semi-diurnal and diurnal tidal signals in the open Adriatic currents. The sea-level slope between the open sea and the lagoon interior controls the inlet flow, which is due to the time lag being constant for all tidal constituents. It was shown that tidal oscillations at Punta Salute (lagoon interior) lag those in Lido by about 45 min. The pressure gradient due to the sea-level slope generates the flow acceleration. Only for large current speeds (>0.5 m/s), the bottom friction term becomes equally important as the local acceleration and the horizontal pressure gradient terms. Wind effects manifest as a remote forcing through Adriatic seiches at semi-diurnal and diurnal scales, and as a local forcing at very long time scales on the order of a month. This latter mechanism is limited to a winter period (November–January). Seiches are present over the entire year, being however, more energetic and frequent during autumn and winter.     

Tidal current variability in the Central Great Barrier Reef

With tidal data from the literature and the field, a two-dimensional (depth-averaged) numerical model was formulated to simulate the dominant semi-diurnal tidal hydrodynamics of the Central Great Barrier Reef continental shelf. Importantly, the individual mesh dimensions of the numerical scheme were set at approximately 2 × 2 km which was sufficient resolution to incorporate the topography of each reef within the matrix. The model provided a new detailed understanding of the influence of the reef matrix on the tidal currents of the outer shelf. In particular, the model demonstrated that the spatial variability in the tidal current's speed and direction exists down to the scale of the 2 km grid size. The model also demonstrated the significant tidally-induced residual currents that result from the interaction with the complex topography of the reef matrix. The advective effect of these tidal currents would be significant as the tidally-induced residual currents are of similar magnitude to the non-tidal currents of the region. Further, the spatial variability in the modelled and observed tidal currents suggests highly spatially variable advective processes operate within the reef waters.     

连云港近岸海域余流特征及其季节变化

根据连云港近岸海域夏冬季多站同步连续实测潮流资料,分析了不同季节、不同潮周期余流变化特征。结果表明,余流大小由北向南呈逐渐增大趋势,余流方向在海州湾海域主要为西南向,港口南部海域余流的方向受地形和径流影响,规律性较差。余流垂向大小变化表现为4种形式,方向变化表现为2种形式。夏季上层余流大小、方向与近底层存在明显的差别,冬季余流在垂向上分布相对均匀。     

瓯江口水文泥沙特征分析

在大量实测资料的基础上,对瓯江口海区的地貌特征、河道径流特征、河道输沙特征、潮汐特征、潮流特征、余流特征、波浪特征、含沙量特征、泥沙来源、盐度特征、悬沙粒径和底质粒径特征、瓯江南北口的分流和分沙特征、中水道和北水道的分流和分沙特征进行了分析,根据实测资料分析得到了瓯江口挟沙力公式,得到了平衡水深公式,为瓯江河口的工程开发建设和科学研究提供了基础资料。主要研究成果表明:(1)瓯江口的潮汐属正规半日潮类型,平均潮差在4 m以上,属强潮河口;(2)潮流属正规浅海半日潮流类型,呈往复流动,潮流动力强;(3)瓯江为少沙河流,多年平均年悬移质输沙量为205.1万t;(4)瓯江南北口的平均涨潮分流比为21%和79%,落潮平均分流比为26%和74%;(5)瓯江南北口的平均涨潮分沙比为20%和80%,落潮平均分流沙比为22%和78%。     

长江下游典型代表性潮型选择研究初探

通过建立大通至长江口一维水沙数学模型,在实测资料验证的基础上计算得出沿程各站逐时潮位。利用计算得出的逐时潮位资料,研究了江阴、徐六泾和六效的高潮位以及日平均潮位与上游大通径流量的相关关系,分析上游径流与近河口河段潮位影响趋势。通过一维水沙数学模型结合不同潮差累积频率的代表性潮型作为下游控制条件计算,在比较河段实测冲淤量与计算冲淤量的基础上,分析不同潮差累积频率的代表性潮型适应性。     

巴基斯坦瓜达尔港泥沙淤积规律研究

利用现场实测资料,对工程海区的潮汐、潮流、风、波浪、含沙量及底质等自然条件进行了对比分析,并结合潮流和波浪数值模拟结果,利用经验公式计算方法,对不同建港方案的年淤积量及一次大风天气情况下悬沙和推移质泥沙淤强分布和淤积量进行了研究,同时就该工程对渔港泥沙淤积的影响作了阐述。