浅海声传播对声学测试影响的初步分析

海面与海底构成了声源浅海海域波导场的声传播环境。本文采用解析算法将球面波分解为平面波,推导给出介质层中的声场空间分布特征,给出了低频声波声源定深而接收点在一定深度附近变化的声场变化计算结果,并初步分析了浅海海域中由于海面起伏使接收水听器深度变化对声场强度的影响,对实艇声学测试具有较强的针对性和一定的工程实用性。     

基于单水听器的移动声源运动参数估计

文章基于水声信道的多途结构,提出了一种利用舰船辐射噪声的单水听器声源运动参数估计方法。首先分析了自相关和倒谱多途时延估计方法,并针对传播水槽实验中随声源与单水听器距离增加自相关和倒谱时延峰信干比降低的问题,提出了基于自相关和倒谱的联合估计方法,提高了多途时延估计的稳健性;其次针对如何利用估计出的D-SR时延差这唯一信息进行运动参数估计的问题,通过逐步分析说明了径向匀速直线移动声源的运动参数估计问题可以在卡尔曼滤波(Kalman filter,KF)框架下进行求解;最后应用扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter,EKF)和迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波(iterated extended Kalman filter,IEKF)对水槽实验数据进行处理,所得结果表明:EKF和IEKF都能利用D-SR时延差信息估计出移动声源的距离、深度和速度,并且IEKF比EKF的跟踪效果更好,证明了方法的正确性和有效性。     

水面水下声起伏特性建模仿真与分析

为了解决水面和水下目标进行分类这一难题,本文从起伏特性的角度出发,对舰船辐射噪声进行特征提取。首先利用PM海浪谱模拟随机起伏界面,运用积分方程方法近似计算了海面起伏界面的散射强度,根据散射强度模拟信号幅度包络的变化规律,并基于信号的物理特征和幅度包络的特征设计了相关器。这样对接收到的信号进行包络提取,并将提取到的包络通过相关器处理得到相关系数,最后根据对相关系数的判断实现对水面和水下目标的分类。本文测试了不同深度下的声源,仿真结果验证了根据相关系数判断水面水下目标是可行的,并通过实验数据进一步验证了算法的有效性。     

声传播多途效应对目标方位估计影响的仿真研究

传统的目标方位估计方法基于这样一个假定,即假设信号是以平面波方式传播的,阵列的各个阵元接收到同一声源的信号波形完全相同,仅仅只是时延不同.然而在浅海环境中,由于声信号传播的多途效应使得这一假设常常不能满足.文中利用简正波理论模型分析了浅海条件下声信号传播的多途效应,并从理论上推导了浅海声传播的多途效应对传统的基于平面波假设的目标方位估计方法的影响,指出浅海声传播的多途效应会导致传统的基于平面波假设的目标方位估计方法产生方位估计偏差,在有些情况下甚至会产生主瓣的分裂,最后通过仿真试验验证了理论推导结论的正确性.     

基于互谱无功分量补偿的水面水下目标分辨

针对水面水下目标分辨的问题,可从波导中不同布放深度的2个接收水听器的声压互谱的正负判决来分辨水面水下目标。但如果2个接收水听器的位置选择不当,正负判决的临界深度会随着声源与接收之间的距离变化而起伏变化,从而对结果产生干扰。本文从简正波模型出发,分析声压互谱的有功分量和无功分量与目标深度的关系,提出用无功分量来对有功分量进行补偿,能得到不随距离变化而起伏变化的临界深度,从而提升水面水下目标分辨的正确率。本文进行的抗噪声分析说明,将本文方法应用于垂直阵在噪声干扰下仍能得到较好结果。理论分析和仿真结果都验证了本文方法的正确性。     

浅海典型声速近程海底混响数值仿真

浅海混响以海底混响为主。本文选取对浅海近程海底混响贡献较大的声线采用射线声学理论,数值计算浅海3种典型声速分布下的海底混响时域信号和混响强度,分析声速分布、脉冲宽度及负跃层声速条件下声源深度对海底混响衰减的影响。计算结果表明:浅海近程混响强度随着时间振荡衰减,不同声速、不同声源深度下混响强度具有相似的衰减特性,但振荡衰减的"波峰"和"波谷"会随着声速分布、声源深度变化而变化。     

浅海典型声速近程海底混响数值仿真

浅海混响以海底混响为主.本文选取对浅海近程海底混响贡献较大的声线采用射线声学理论,数值计算浅海3种典型声速分布下的海底混响时域信号和混响强度,分析声速分布、脉冲宽度及负跃层声速条件下声源深度对海底混响衰减的影响.计算结果表明:浅海近程混响强度随着时间振荡衰减,不同声速、不同声源深度下混响强度具有相似的衰减特性,但振荡衰减的"波峰"和"波谷"会随着声速分布、声源深度变化而变化.     

水下圆柱壳自由场声辐射特性的获取

[目的]水下目标的声辐射特性测量通常因受到海面、海底和外部噪声源的干扰而难以获取。为了解决在以海面或海底为界且有噪声源干扰下的半空间内水下目标自由场声辐射特性的获取问题,[方法]利用基于边界元法的声场还原技术,以典型的水下圆柱壳模型为例,分别还原圆柱壳只在海面/海底影响下或同时受海面/海底以及外部噪声源影响下的自由场声辐射特性。[结果]数值结果表明:海面、海底和外部噪声源会极大地影响水下目标辐射声场的测量结果,但利用基于边界元的声场还原方法分离得到的还原声场的辐射声功率与自由声场的结果吻合较好,同时场点声压、指向性等特性也基本一致。[结论]因此可以利用基于边界元的声场还原方法有效获取水下目标的自由场声辐射特性。     

深海中声信号会聚区传播特征仿真研究

会聚区传播是声信号在深海中的基本传播方式之一.本文对声源在不同深度时的会聚区传播特征进行仿真研究,声源深度从20 m变化到1 050 m,研究发现声源深度变化对会聚区特征影响很大,随着声源深度增加,第一会聚区出现的距离、会聚区跨度、会聚区深度范围都逐渐越小;随着声源深度持续增加直至声道轴附近,各会聚区出现的距离及会聚区跨度不断减小,直至无法区分各会聚区,深度方向上,会聚区深度范围不断减小直至集中在声道轴上下一定深度范围内传播,声信号在声道轴附近传播时,声信号损失最小,信号可以传到更远的距离上;第一会聚区附近的海底反射信号很强,可用于信号检测.     

浅海水下声源辐射声场

目前,我国大部分声学测试试验在浅海海域进行,浅海声波导的多途效应、声速梯度的变化对声传播产生直接的影响。通过射线声学模型对不同频率的声源在浅海等声速梯度和温跃层声速梯度环境下辐射声场和声传播衰减特性进行仿真研究,给出声场分布图和传播损失变化曲线图,得到声场分布和传播损失随声源频率的变化规律。     

The effect of finite depth on 2D and 3D cavitating hydrofoils

The iterative numerical method that has been developed for cavitating hydrofoils and surface piercing bodies moving inside a numerical towing tank is modified and extended to the case of fully submerged, both two- and three-dimensional cavitating hydrofoils in water of finite depth, and the effects of subcritical speed, critical speed and supercritical speed are investigated in detail. The iterative numerical method based on Green’s theorem allows separating the cavitating hydrofoil problem, the free surface problem and finite bottom problem both in two and three dimensions. The cavitating hydrofoil surface, the free surface and the surface of finite bottom are modeled with constant strength dipole and constant strength source panels. While the kinematic boundary condition is applied on the hydrofoil surface, a dynamic condition is applied with a cavity closure condition on the cavity surface. The source strengths on the free surface are expressed in terms of perturbation potential by applying the linearized free surface conditions. No radiation condition is enforced for downstream and transverse boundaries. The source strengths on the bottom surface are zero because of vanishing normal velocity. The method is applied to 2D and 3D cavitating hydrofoils, and the effect of finite bottom on lift and drag coefficients, cavity number and wave elevation is investigated.     

水底地形变化对摇板造波的影响

In the present paper,the effect of a small bottom undulation of the sea bed in the form of periodic bed form on the surface waves generated due to a rolling oscillation of a vertical barrier either partially immersed or completely submerged in water of non uniform finite depth is investigated.A simplified perturbation technique involving a non dimensional parameter characterizing the smallness of the bottom deformation is applied to reduce the given boundary value problem to two independent boundary value problems upto first order.The first boundary value problem corresponds to the problem of water wave generation due to rolling oscillation of a vertical barrier either partially immersed or completely submerged in water of uniform finite depth.This is a well known problem whose solution is available in the literature.From the second boundary value problem,the first order correction to the wave amplitude at infinity is evaluated in terms of the shape function characterizing the bottom undulation,by employing Green’s integral theorem.For a patch of sinusoidal ripples at the sea bottom,the first order correction to the wave amplitude at infinity for both the configuration of the barrier is then evaluated numerically and illustrated graphically for various values of the wave number.It is observed that resonant interaction of the wave generated,with the sinusoidal bottom undulation occurs when the ratio of twice the wavelength of the sinusoidal ripple to the wave length of waves generated,approaches unity.Also it is found that the resonance increases as the length of the barrier increases.     

双谱时延估计在被动测距中的应用

时延估计是被动测距声纳实现目标精确定位的关键。本文在介绍互相关法时延估计的基础上,重点研究了双谱时延估计方法在被动测距中的应用。理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,相比互相关法时延估计,双谱法时延估计具有时延估计精度高、误差小、对高斯噪声的抑制能力强等优点。     

面向智能船舶的容错卡尔曼融合估计方法

针对智能船舶多传感器系统因未知海洋环境干扰和设备间干扰等因素导致的一个或数个传感器产生随机间歇性故障从而导致融合估计结果出现偏差甚至失真的问题,设计1种基于四分位滤波的容错方法,并针对该方法导致的观测时滞问题设计1种预报方法,提前预报观测值,进而抵消容错方法导致的时滞问题。此外,针对多传感器之间的互协方差难以准确估计的问题,采用CI融合估计方法进行融合估计。为验证算法的有效性和融合估计的精度,对带有间歇性故障的两传感器系统进行仿真试验,并与按矩阵、按对角阵和按标量3种分布式融合估计方法得到的结果进行对比。4种方法的均方误差系数大小对比结果显示,对于带间歇性故障的多传感器系统,设计的融合滤波不仅具有鲁棒性,而且具有较高的融合精度。     

浸没式穿孔板对超大型浮体的水弹性响应影响（英文）

Scattering of oblique flexural-gravity waves by a submerged porous plate in a finite water depth is investigated under the assumptions of linearized surface waves and small-amplitude structural response. The study is carried out using eigenfunction expansions and the corresponding orthogonal mode-coupling relations associated with flexural-gravity waves in uniform water depth. The characteristics of the roots of the complex dispersion relation are examined using the principle of counting argument and contour plot. Characteristics of the flexural-gravity waves are studied by assuming both the floating elastic plate and the submerged porous plate are infinitely extended in horizontal directions. The effectiveness of the submerged porous structure on the reflection, transmission, and dissipation coefficients is analyzed for various wave and structural parameters.     

淹没垂直圆柱横摇问题的解析研究

应用匹配特征函数展开法建立了有限水深淹没垂直圆柱横摇问题的解析解,通过与边界元方法的对比验证了该方法的正确性.基于上述模型,对淹没圆柱水动力系数进行了研究,结果表明,在大多数频率下,淹没圆柱的附加质量总是大于同样大小的漂浮圆柱,且在高频段近似为漂浮圆柱附加质量的两倍.当淹没深度较大时,圆柱附加质量趋向干常数,辐射阻尼趋...     

Trapped Modes in a Three-Layer Fluid

In this work, trapped mode frequencies are computed for a submerged horizontal circular cylinder with the hydrodynamic set-up involving an infinite depth three-layer incompressible fluid with layer-wise different densities. The impermeable cylinder is fully immersed in either the bottom layer or the upper layer. The effect of surface tension at the surface of separation is neglected. In this set-up, there exist three wave numbers: the lowest one on the free surface and the other two on the internal interfaces. For each wave number, there exist two modes for which trapped waves exist. The existence of these trapped modes is shown by numerical evidence. We investigate the variation of these trapped modes subject to change in the depth of the middle layer as well as the submergence depth. We show numerically that two-layer and single-layer results cannot be recovered in the double and single limiting cases of the density ratios tending to unity. The existence of trapped modes shows that in general, a radiation condition for the waves at infinity is insufficient for the uniqueness of the solution of the scattering problem.     

双层水平板型透空式防波堤消波性能试验研究

用两块相同尺寸的水平板结构作为一种防波堤,上层板位于自由水面处,下层板在其下某一深度处。对此形式防波堤进行了一系列的消浪效果试验研究,利用得到的反射系数和透射系数来反映此结构的消波性能,考查了相对板宽,相对水深和相对板间距及波陡对反射系数和透射系数的影响。     

三层流体中的捕获模态分析（英文）

In this work, trapped mode frequencies are computed for a submerged horizontal circular cylinder with the hydrodynamic set-up involving an infinite depth three-layer incompressible fluid with layer-wise different densities. The impermeable cylinder is fully immersed in either the bottom layer or the upper layer. The effect of surface tension at the surface of separation is neglected. In this set-up, there exist three wave numbers: the lowest one on the free surface and the other two on the internal interfaces. For each wave number, there exist two modes for which trapped waves exist. The existence of these trapped modes is shown by numerical evidence. We investigate the variation of these trapped modes subject to change in the depth of the middle layer as well as the submergence depth. We show numerically that two-layer and single-layer results cannot be recovered in the double and single limiting cases of the density ratios tending to unity. The existence of trapped modes shows that in general, a radiation condition for the waves at infinity is insufficient for the uniqueness of the solution of the scattering problem.