Iterative Learning Control Algorithm for Feedforward Controller of EGR and VGT Systems in a CRDI Diesel Engine

The modern diesel engines equip the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system to suppress the NOx emissions. In addition, the variable geometric turbocharger (VGT) system is installed to improve the drivability and fuel efficiency. These EGR and VGT systems have cross-coupled behavior because they interact with the intake and the exhaust manifolds. Furthermore, the turbocharger time delay, gas flow dynamics through EGR pipe cause the nonlinearity characteristics. These nonlinear multi-input-multi-output characteristics cause the degradation of control accuracy, especially during the transient condition. In order to improve the control accuracy, this study proposes an iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm for feedforward controller of EGR and VGT systems. The feedforward controller obtains the values about EGR and VGT actuators using the previous control results in predefined transient states. The ILC algorithm consists of a PD-type learning function and a low-pass filter. The control gains of learning function are determined to guarantee the convergence of learning results. In addition, the low-pass filter is designed for robustness against plant disturbance. The proposed control algorithm was validated by engine experiment which repeated predefined transient states. The error was reduced by 15 % according to the gain. As a result, the proposed algorithm is affordable for improving the transient control performance.     

Nonlinear sliding mode observer for exhaust manifold pressure estimation in a light-duty diesel engine

In this paper, a sliding mode observer is proposed to estimate exhaust pressure for a diesel engine equipped with variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. Since the exhaust pressure directly affects generation of the VGT power and the EGR rate in the cylinder, the exhaust pressure information is important for precise control of the VGT and EGR systems. In order to estimate the exhaust pressure accurately, a dynamic model of intake and exhaust pressure was derived. Furthermore, the mass flow rate and temperature of the air system in the diesel engines were modeled by consideration of physical phenomena and the thermodynamic law. Based on the developed models, a nonlinear sliding mode observer was designed to estimate the exhaust pressure. Convergence of the proposed observer was verified by the Lyapunov stability criterion. The proposed observer was implemented on a real-time embedded system and validated with the engine experiments. The experimental results show that the observer estimates the exhaust pressure accurately in both steady and transient engine operating conditions. Moreover, as a case study, the estimation results of the proposed observer could be applied for detecting a fault of the EGR system. The fault of the EGR system was detected precisely using the estimation result and the limited sensor information in mass-produced engines.     

Pressure model based coordinated control of VGT and dual-loop EGR in a diesel engine air-path system

This paper describes a pressure-model-based coordinated control method of a variable geometry turbine (VGT) and dual-loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in a diesel engine air-path system. Conventionally, air fraction or burnt gas fraction states are controlled for the control of dual-loop EGR systems, but fraction control is not practical since sensors for fractions are not available on production engines. In fact, there is still great controversy over how best to select control outputs for dual-loop EGR systems. In this paper, pressure and mass flow states are chosen as control outputs without fraction states considering the availability and reliability of sensors. A coordinated controller based on the simple control-oriented model is designed with practical aspects, which is applicable for simultaneous operations of high pressure (HP) EGR, low pressure (LP) EGR, and VGT. In addition, the controller adopts the method of input-output linearization using back-stepping to solve the chronic problems of conventional pressure-based controllers such as coupling effects between operations of HP EGR, and VGT. The control performance is verified by simulation based on the proven GT-POWER model of a heavy-duty 6000cc diesel engine air-path.     

车用柴油机EGR瞬态响应特性

应用自行开发的柴油机瞬态测试系统和电控EGR系统进行了EGR瞬态响应特性研究。结果表明:瞬态工况下由于EGR压差的增加和进气量的减小造成EGR率大幅度超调,增加幅值随瞬变率增加而增加;EGR本身会造成柴油机排气烟度增加,瞬态工况下EGR率的超调更加剧了这种恶化;与稳态工况相比,1600 r/min、5 s增负荷工况EGR率最大超调幅度达到43%,排气烟度增加6倍;2000 r/min增负荷工况EGR瞬态响应特性具有大致相同的规律。在发动机瞬变过程中需要制定相应的EGR瞬态控制策略,以降低瞬态排气烟度。     

Gaussian Process Regression Feedforward Controller for Diesel Engine Airpath

Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) provides emerging modeling opportunities for diesel engine control. Recent serial production hardwares increase online calculation capabilities of the engine control units. This paper presents a GPR modeling for feedforward part of the diesel engine airpath controller. A variable geotmetry turbine (VGT) and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve outer loop controllers are developed. The GPR feedforward models are trained with a series of mapping data with physically related inputs instead of speed and torque utilized in conventional control schemes. A physical model-free and calibratable controller structure is proposed for hardware flexibility. Furthermore, a discrete time sliding mode controller (SMC) is utilized as a feedback controller. Feedforward modeling and the subsequent airpath controller (SMC+GPR) are implemented on the physical diesel engine model and the performance of the proposed controller is compared with a conventional PID controller with table based feedforward.     

涡轮增压柴油机废气再循环系统的发展

概述了世界各国涡轮增压柴油机运用废气再循环 (EGR)技术降低排放的发展状况 ,介绍并比较了内部EGR系统、在进排气管装有节流阀的EGR系统、对废气加压的EGR系统、装文曲利管的EGR系统、利用进排气管的压力波动的EGR系统以及有变截面涡轮等典型的废气再循环系统。指出应针对不同的排放法规采取相应的EGR措施。     

Improvement of combustion efficiency and emission characteristics of IC diesel engine operating on ESC cycle applying Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) with vaneless turbine volute

Based on experimental data, the present study investigates the influence of turbine adjustment in a turbocharger with vaneless turbine volute on diesel combustion efficiency indices and emission characteristics. Experimental investigations were conducted on engine modes as set out by the European Stationary Cycle (ESC). The adjustment algorithms selected for the experiment under ESC modes included adjustment to achieve minimal values of specific fuel consumption (SFC), NOx, CO and particulate matter (PM). In present research only VGT adjustment was investigated, the factors like fuel injection timing and EGR were not investigated. As a result we were able to make a comparison of the engine combustion efficiency and emission indices for VGT and a common turbocharger running on ESC cycle modes.     

Adaptation Strategy for Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Common Rail Pressure to Improve Transient Torque Response in Diesel Engines

Fuel injection limitation algorithms are widely used to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions under transient states in diesel engines. However, the limited injection quantity leads to a decrease in the engine torque response under transient states. To overcome this issue, this study proposes an adaptation strategy for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and common rail pressure combined with a fuel injection limitation algorithm. The proposed control algorithm consists of three parts: fuel injection limitation, EGR adaptation, and rail pressure adaptation. The fuel injection quantity is limited by adjusting the exhaust burned gas rate, which is predicted based on various intake air states like air mass flow and EGR mass flow. The control algorithm for EGR and rail pressure was designed to manipulate the set-points of the EGR and rail pressure when the fuel injection limitation is activated. The EGR controller decreases the EGR gas flow rate to rapidly supply fresh air under transient states. The rail pressure controller increases the rail pressure set-point to generate a well-mixed air-fuel mixture, resulting in an enhancement in engine torque under transient states. The proposed adaptation strategy was validated through engine experiments. These experiments showed that PM emissions were reduced by up to 11.2 %, and the engine torque was enhanced by 5.4 % under transient states compared to the injection limitation strategy without adaptation.     

电控可调涡轮增压天然气发动机开发

将一台CA488汽油机改造为电控可调涡轮增压天然气发动机。该发动机采用了电控多点燃气顺序喷射技术、电控高能点火技术、可调喷嘴涡轮增压技术及中冷技术。试验研究表明，采用可调喷嘴涡轮增压技术可提高发动机的进气量，优化增压器在全工况范围内与发动机的匹配，大幅度提高发动机的动力性与经济性：增压后天然气发动机的最大功率与原汽油机相当，低速转矩特性明显改善，同时发动机使用经济性也得到提高。     

Model based burnt gas fraction controller design of diesel engine with VGT/Dual loop EGR system

-Recently, regulation of NOx and PM emission in diesel engines has become stricter and the EGR system has been expanded into a dual loop EGR system to increase EGR rate as well as to utilize exhaust gas strategically. In terms of engine combustion characteristics, burnt gas fraction is becoming an important factor of solving the NOx and PM emission reduction problem more efficiently but conventional controller focused only pressure and air flow rate targets. Unlike the previous studies, this paper describes a model based burnt gas fraction control structure for a diesel engine with a dual loop EGR and a turbocharger. Feedforward control inputs based on burnt gas fraction states aids in the precise control of diesel engines, especially in transient states by considering coupled behavior within the system. For the controller validation, a control oriented reduced order model of a diesel engine air management system is established to simplify the control input computation and its stability is proved by analysing the internal dynamics stability. Then, a sliding mode controller is designed and controller robustness at certain operating points is validated using an HiLS bench.     

车用可变几何涡轮增压器喷嘴环叶片初步研究

对应用气动型与对称型喷嘴环叶片的车用可变几何涡轮增压器进行了研究。分别建立了两种喷嘴环三维模型,应用NUMECA软件对配置两种喷嘴环的涡轮进行了流场计算与分析。设计、加工了气动型叶片喷嘴环组件,分别将两种喷嘴环组件装配在同一台增压器上,进行了增压器涡轮性能对比试验。结果表明,气动型喷嘴环涡轮具有更宽广的流量范围,且效率更高。     

EGR阀升程规律对重型柴油机瞬态工况排放特性的影响

基于1台配备废气再循环系统(EGR)的重型柴油机,试验研究了瞬态工况下EGR阀升程规律对重型柴油机排放特性的影响。针对恒转速变扭矩与恒扭矩变转速过渡工况设计了5种EGR阀升程规律,根据升程走势可分为3种类型:线性升程,上凸型升程以及下凹型升程。结果表明:瞬变过程中,初始EGR阀开度变化速率对NO_x生成影响巨大,NO与NO_x排放规律基本吻合,EGR阀升程规律对NO_2排放影响甚微。不同EGR阀升程规律下烟度变化规律相同,呈先增后减的趋势,但峰值明显不同。EGR阀升程规律对燃油经济性影响不大。     

基于Ascet平台的高压共轨柴油机电控EGR控制策略研究

针对电控EGR控制策略,结合电控系统模块化的设计思路,设计了基于Ascet平台的电控发动机EGR控制系统。通过对转速、油量等参数进行标定,运用Ascet软件实现了EGR控制模型的模拟仿真,保证了系统稳定性及可靠性,加快了EGR系统的响应速度,实现了对排气再循环系统的闭环控制。将调试好的EGR电控系统安装在高压共轨柴油机上,在标定转速3 600 r/min下进行试验,试验结果表明,EGR控制系统能够按照控制策略实现对EGR的精确控制,与原机相比,NOx排放下降明显。     

EGR系统在SNH4102型柴油机中的标定试验

EGR系统是治理内燃机排放污染物Nq的有效方法之一,在PTO台架上对SNH4102型柴油机EGR系统进行标定试验,采用真空度控制EGR阀开度,实现EGR系统的调节。在柴油机额定转速下,将测功器开至100％,75％,50％,10％;在最大扭矩下,将测功器开至100％,75％,50％;及怠速工况下,找到EGR阀最佳开度,完成EGR系统的标定;并通过NHA-501型废气分析仪和FLB-100不透光式烟度计等测量排放物的含量。结果表明：在SNH4102型柴油机台架试验中,EGR系统对于NOx的控制有明显的效果,对CO和HC等排放物的抑制作用不明显。     

三菱越野汽车微机控制的排放控制系统的检修

介绍了 2 0 0 1款三菱帕杰罗 (PAJERO)V73型越野汽车燃油蒸发排放控制 (EVAP)、废气再循环 (EGR)以及空燃比闭环控制等排放控制系统的故障诊断与检修方法。     

采用排气循环技术改善车用柴油机NOx的排放特性

在增压中冷直喷式柴油机上，通过采用排气再循环（ＥＧＲ）的技术措施，分析研究了ＥＧＲ在不同条件下对柴油机ＮＯｘ的排放特性及其工作过程的影响，指出了ＥＧＲ抑制ＮＯｘ排放量的原理和具体效率。     

国六排放天然气发动机的开发

将柴油机改造为点燃式单点集中喷射预混天然气发动机.该发动机采用无废气再循环EGR的当量比燃烧+三元催化器的技术路线,通过匹配增压器、三元催化器和电控系统的优化标定,按全球统一瞬态循环WHTC进行排放试验.结果表明,所开发的国六天然气发动机动力性和燃料经济性达到设计指标,排放满足GB17691—2018《重型柴油车污染物...     

Modeling and validation of turbocharged diesel engine airpath and combustion systems

The ultimate aim of this study is the development of an engine modeling approach that would facilitate the design of model-based control techniques for diesel engines. This will allow for the development of more generalized, modular control strategies for different engine types and sizes as opposed to the commonly practiced map-based engine control strategies that depend on maps and feedforward control and require lengthy modifications every time a change is made. Also, most engine modeling studies focus on either airpath or combustion systems, treating these models and their validation individually, and not as an integrated system as is actually the case. To address the need for more realistic models suitable for model-based control design, this study develops a combined airpath and combustion model for the engine, using analytical models wherever possible and derives a model with appropriate control inputs and outputs that could be used in a control scheme. The inclusion of the actuator dynamics of the Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), variable geometry turbine (VGT), and Throttle (THR) valves in the airpath model and the consideration of nonlinearities in the combustion model allow for the development of a more thorough engine model, as well as the validation of subsystems and the whole integrated engine model using a complete World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC). This test cycle finds limited use due to its challenging transients, and yet, is the demanded test cycle for emission regulations nowadays. These are unique aspects of this modeling study, the results of which indicate that the developed engine model could be used in control design and hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) based engine control prototyping.     

CA6102电控汽油机废气再循环性能研究

以CA6102电控汽油机为基础,简要阐述了在电控发动机中废气再循环功能的实现,并对其关键部件的选择加以分析。从动力性、经济性和排放等方面分析了废气再循环对汽油机性能方面的影响。     

可调涡轮增压器与柴油机匹配试验研究

对Ｊ６１１０Ｚ型柴油机匹配套式移动结构可调涡轮增压器进行了台架试验研究，试验中，在调节涡轮截面时没有进行相应的油量调节，而重点对柴油机各种工况下ＶＧＴ－７０型增压器的性能进行了研究分析。