空爆载荷下U型夹层板抗爆性能数值仿真研究

力学性能优越的夹层板结构在飞机、高速列车等交通运输领域得到广泛应用.为研究U型夹层板空爆载荷下的损伤特性,利用有限元软件MSC.Dytran分析U型夹层板空爆载荷下的损伤变形模式、耦合力、结构位移、速度、加速度、吸能,并与加筋板架对比;应用正交试验设计方法分析结构参数对抗爆性能的影响程度及较优的尺寸组合.分析表明:冲击载荷下U型夹层板上下面板的变形模式为膜拉伸,产生波浪式变形;夹芯层易于压皱变形,减少了对上面板冲击载荷的传递,同时夹芯层吸能效率较高,使得上面板的塑性变形显著减小;夹层板上下面板位移、速度、加速度、吸能均小于加筋板,表现出优良的抗爆性能.结构参数对夹层板抗爆性能影响程度的主次顺序为:夹芯角度、上面板厚度、夹芯壁厚度、下面板厚度;经验证,优化尺寸后的夹层板抗爆性能显著提高.     

六层金字塔点阵夹芯板结构在水下近距爆炸载荷下的冲击实验

为研究多层金字塔点阵夹芯板结构在水下近距爆炸载荷下的抗爆性能,加工制作了六层金字塔点阵夹芯板结构模型,通过水下爆炸实验,揭示了多层金字塔点阵夹芯板结构的变形模式,并对模型结构进行数值仿真,分析了夹芯板结构的吸能情况。上面板呈整体下沉变形模式;金字塔点阵夹芯结构存在动态屈曲变形模式;屈曲芯层之间的夹层板呈波浪褶皱变形;下面板呈平台变形模式,靠弯曲和拉伸变形吸能。实验结果表明:夹芯结构的第1层和第6层破坏较为严重,同时由于夹芯层的吸能作用,对下面板起到了一定的缓冲防护作用。     

U型折叠式夹层板防护性能数值仿真分析

开展夹层板单元防护性能研究可为舰船防护结构设计提供指导。以某船底加筋板架为应用对象,设计出U型折叠式夹层板结构;利用MSC.Dytran对船底板架及夹层板结构在水下爆炸冲击载荷下的动态响应进行数值仿真分析,通过分析流-固耦合压力、损伤变形、速度、加速度、结构塑性吸能等性能参数,对比研究两结构的防护性能;分析夹层板在不同冲击强度下的损伤特性,面板厚度、夹芯板厚、夹芯与面板夹角、夹芯单元宽度、夹芯高度等结构参数对夹层板损伤变形、结构吸能等特性的影响。通过研究得到了U型夹层板在水下爆炸冲击载荷下的损伤特性、变形模式等,U型夹层板的防护性能明显优于传统加筋板架,夹芯层在夹层板抵抗水下冲击载荷中起到关键作用,结构参数对防护性能产生不同程度的影响。     

基于夹层板抗水下爆炸舰船底部结构设计

水面舰船抗水下爆炸的性能是舰船生命力的重要方面,一直受到各国海军的重视;金属基夹层板在航空航天、汽车等轻型交通运输系统中得到广泛应用。本文以某型水面舰船为研究,设计出夹层板舰船底部结构,采用三舱段模型技术,利用MSC.Dytran仿真分析结构在典型工况水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应,比较分析流-固耦合力、结构变形、速度、加速度、吸能等。结果表明,夹层板应用于舰船底部结构减小了结构位移,增加了结构的吸能,显著改善了结构的冲击环境,夹层板舰船底部结构具有优良的防护性能;夹芯层在结构抵抗水下爆炸冲击波载荷过程中起到重要作用。     

舱室内爆载荷作用下夹层板优化设计研究

舱室内战斗部爆炸产生的冲击波是舱室结构板架承受的主要载荷之一,舱室内爆冲击波在舱室内部将发生多次反射,并在舱室内部形成持续时间较长的准静态压力,在此过程中舱室板架承受多次冲击波反射载荷。本文以舱室典型加筋板为对象进行夹层板概念设计,选取面板厚度、背板厚度、夹芯壁厚及夹芯间距4个参数作为试验参数,以抗爆综合评价指标最小为目标,采用正交试验优化设计方法得到该加筋板结构在舱室内爆冲击波载荷作用下最优抗爆性能的夹层板结构,并对比最优夹层板与普通加筋板在舱室内爆载荷作用下的响应特征。研究表明,经过优化设计后的夹层板具有更好抵抗冲击波载荷的能力,正交试验设计能较好适用于夹层板结构优化设计。     

舱室内爆载荷作用下夹层板优化设计研究

舱室内战斗部爆炸产生的冲击波是舱室结构板架承受的主要载荷之一,舱室内爆冲击波在舱室内部将发生多次反射,并在舱室内部形成持续时间较长的准静态压力,在此过程中舱室板架承受多次冲击波反射载荷。本文以舱室典型加筋板为对象进行夹层板概念设计,选取面板厚度、背板厚度、夹芯壁厚及夹芯间距4个参数作为试验参数,以抗爆综合评价指标最小为目标,采用正交试验优化设计方法得到该加筋板结构在舱室内爆冲击波载荷作用下最优抗爆性能的夹层板结构,并对比最优夹层板与普通加筋板在舱室内爆载荷作用下的响应特征。研究表明,经过优化设计后的夹层板具有更好抵抗冲击波载荷的能力,正交试验设计能较好适用于夹层板结构优化设计。     

冲击波和破片联合作用下I型夹层板毁伤仿真

基于非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA,通过在TNT炸药底部布置预制破片模拟战斗部爆炸产生的冲击波与破片联合作用载荷,计算3种TNT炸药当量下I型夹层板的毁伤响应,分析冲击波单独作用及冲击波与破片联合作用下I型夹层板失效模式的差异,研究夹层板芯层配置以及上、下面板厚度配置对其失效模式的影响,并与等效实体板的抗毁伤性能进行对比。同时,从吸能的角度分析不同载荷工况下I型夹层板的吸能特性。数值仿真结果表明:在冲击波与破片联合作用下,结构的毁伤程度远大于冲击波单独作用时;当载荷强度较小时,I型夹层板的抗毁伤性能优于等效实体板;载荷强度、载荷类型(冲击波单独作用或冲击波与破片联合作用)及上、下面板厚度配置对I型夹层板的失效模式有较大影响;从吸能特性来看,在冲击波单独作用下,上面板和芯层是主要的吸能构件,而在冲击波与破片联合作用下,上面板和下面板是主要的吸能构件。     

夹层板在舰船舷侧防护结构中的应用

水面舰船抗水下爆炸的性能是舰船生命力的重要方面,深受各国海军重视.以某型水面舰船为研究对象,基于夹层板进行舷侧结构设计;选取典型工况,采用三舱段模型技术,使用MSC.Dytran对夹层板舷侧结构在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应进行仿真计算.比较分析了流-固耦合力、结构变形、速度、加速度、吸能等重要力学性能.结果表明夹层板应用于舰船舷侧结构使得结构的变形、位移减小,结构塑性吸能增加,显著改善了结构的冲击环境.夹层板是一种防护性能优良的结构形式,吸能效率较高,还减小了冲击波压力及冲量的吸收及传递,对减小舰船其它部位结构的损伤防护起到重要作用.     

夹层板系统碰撞性能数值仿真分析

夹层板系统(SPS)具有优越的力学性能,在修船中应用广泛。夹芯层具有很好的缓冲作用,可作为耐撞结构应用于船舶结构设计,提高其耐撞性能。基于非线性有限元软件ABAQUS分析SPS在碰撞冲击载荷下的结构损伤变形、碰撞力和能量吸收等力学行为,并对比分析其与加筋板架、折叠式夹层板的碰撞性能,最后研究了自身结构尺寸参数对其碰撞性能的影响。研究表明,SPS具有良好的碰撞性能,优于加筋板架和折叠式夹层板。SPS自身结构参数对其碰撞性能有一定影响,面板厚度增加,上下面板吸能明显增加,比能随着面板厚度的增加呈下降趋势,对夹芯层的吸能及比能影响不明显。夹芯层高度增加,夹芯层和上面板吸能明显增加,上面板比能增加最快,对夹芯层和下面板的比能影响不明显。     

蜂窝式夹层板结构单元的防护性能分析

基于某舰船的船底板架,设计出了四边形蜂窝夹层板结构单元,比较分析了船底板架、等效平板、夹层板在典型工况(炸药量500 kg,爆距15 m)水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的损伤变形、结构位移、吸能及运动响应,同时对比分析不同冲击因子下3种结构的防护性能。分析表明,夹层板在水下冲击波作用下的最大变形是船底板架的2/3~1/3处,一定程度上改善了冲击环境,具有优越的防护性能。     

Experimental and numerical investigations on laser-welded corrugated-core sandwich panels subjected to air blast loading

Experimental investigations on the laser-welded triangular corrugated core sandwich panels and equivalent solid plates subjected to air blast loading are presented. The experiments were conducted in an explosion tank considering three levels of blast loading. Results show that the maximum deflection, core web buckling and core compaction increased as the decrease of stand-off distance. Back face deflections of sandwich panels were found to be nearly half that of equivalent solid plates at the stand-off distances of 100 mm and 150 mm. At the closest stand-off distance of 50 mm, the panel was found to fracture and fail catastrophically. Autodyn-based numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the dynamic response of sandwich panels. A good agreement was observed between the numerical calculations and experimental results. The model captured most of the deformation/failure modes of panels. Finally, the effects of face sheet thickness and core web thickness on the dynamic response of sandwich panel were discussed.     

蜂窝夹层板的优化设计分析

夹层板结构是近代发展起来的一种比较先进的结构形式,具有比强度高、比刚度大等特点。为优化夹层板的抗冲击性能,以某船底部板架单元为基础,在保证夹层板总质量和主尺寸与原板架相同的前提下,建立4组六棱柱蜂窝夹层板模型,其中每组夹层板的夹层质量各不相同。首先利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟夹层板在冲击波载荷作用下的响应,对比夹层板的结构损伤并筛选出每组中结构损伤最小的夹层板板型,然后从能量吸收的角度分析夹层板的抗爆抗冲击性能,得到一种优化的夹层板模型。     

空中爆炸载荷下PVC泡沫夹芯板动态响应分析

基于 Abaqus/Explicit,计算分析 PVC夹芯板在空爆载荷作用下的动态响应,考察夹芯板上面板厚度、芯层高度及炸药当量对其抗爆性能的影响,并从能量吸收的角度分析不同工况下 PVC夹芯板的吸能特性。数值结果表明夹芯板的动态响应对其结构配置比较敏感,增加上面板厚度及芯层高度可以明显减小下面板挠度,从而提高结构的抗爆性能。夹芯板的总体吸能量与上面板厚度密切相关,与芯层高度没有明显关联,减小上面板厚度可以提高结构的总体吸能量;在相同工况下,增加上面板厚度可以提高上面板吸能占比,增加芯层高度可以提高芯层吸能占比。在炸药当量较小时,夹芯板变形以上面板局部弯曲及芯层压缩为主;当炸药当量较大时,夹芯板变形以整体弯曲变形为主。研究结果对PVC夹芯板抗爆性能的优化设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Comparison of aluminium sandwiches for lightweight ship structures: Honeycomb vs. foam

The use of lightweight aluminium sandwiches in the shipbuilding industry represents an attractive and interesting solution to the increasing environmental demands. The aim of this paper was the comparison of static and low-velocity impact response of two aluminium sandwich typologies: foam and honeycomb sandwiches. The parameters which influence the static and dynamic response of the investigated aluminium sandwiches and their capacity of energy absorption were analysed. Quasi – static indentation tests were carried out and the effect of indenter shape has been investigated. The indentation resistance depends on the nose geometry and is strongly influenced by the cell diameter and by the skin – core adhesion for the honeycomb and aluminium foam sandwich panels, respectively. The static bending tests, performed at different support span distances on sandwich panels with the same nominal size, produced various collapse modes and simplified theoretical models were applied to explain the observed collapse modes. The capacity of energy dissipation under bending loading is affected by the collapse mechanism and also by the face-core bonding and the cell size for foam and honeycomb panels, respectively. A series of low-velocity impact tests were, also, carried out and a different collapse mechanism was observed for the two typologies of aluminium sandwiches: the collapse of honeycomb sandwiches occurred for the buckling of the cells and is strongly influenced by the cell size, whereas the aluminium foam sandwiches collapsed for the foam crushing and their energy absorbing capacity depends by the foam quality. It is assumed that a metal foam has good quality if it has many cells of similar size without relevant defects. A clear influence of cell size distribution and morphological parameters on foam properties has not yet been established because it has not yet been possible to control these parameters in foam making. The impact response of the honeycomb and foam sandwiches was investigated using a theoretical approach, based on the energy balance model and the model parameters were obtained by the tomographic analyses of the impacted panels. The present study is a step towards the application of aluminium sandwich structures in the shipbuilding.     

Optimisation of laser-welded sandwich panels with multiple design constraints

This paper investigates the possibilities for structural optimisation of laser-welded sandwich panels with an adhesively bonded core and uni-directional vertical webs. Closed form expressions for the equivalent stiffness and elastic buckling strength of laser-welded sandwich panels are discussed and numerically evaluated to demonstrate the effect of parameter variations on stress and deflection. Due to the number of design variables and constraints a structural optimisation method based on the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) is implemented and used to minimise the structural weight per square meter of panel for a typical accommodation deck configuration. It is concluded that, within the span of production parameters and rule requirements, substantial improvements can be made with or without an adhesively bonded core. Without core material and without any changes to the surrounding structure the structural weight for standard production panels can be reduced considerably, by reducing the face plate thickness and by using thinner and fewer webs. Additional weight can be saved by removing all but a few webs and injecting low-cost polyurethane foam into the cavities, giving added thermal–acoustic insulation, or by incorporating a more structural core with greater thickness and higher density, by which the free span of the sandwich panel can be increased.     

改进V型夹层板近场水下爆炸抗冲击性能研究

对水下爆炸结构的响应进行分析,设计相应的结构来降低载荷效应是提高舰船抗冲击性能的重要研究内容。基于耦合欧拉-拉格朗日(CEL)算法,考虑流-固耦合等因素的影响,建立完整的水下爆炸数值模型,运用显式动态分析对普通加筋板、常规V型夹层板、改进的V型夹层板进行近场水下爆炸作用下的动响应分析,从结构与流体的相互作用、结构产生的变形、吸能特性等角度综合分析。结果表明,改进后的V型夹层板抗冲击防护性能明显提高,可为舰船抗冲击结构设计提供一定的参考。     

中高速弹体侵彻下泡沫铝夹芯结构抗侵彻性能实验研究

为研究泡沫铝夹芯结构各组成部分在中、高速弹体侵彻下的抗侵彻性能及破坏机理,分别开展泡沫铝芯材(I)、前面板与芯材(II)、芯材与后面板(III)以及泡沫铝夹芯结构(IV)4种靶板在中、高速弹体侵彻下的弹道冲击试验.分析夹芯结构的破坏模式、侵彻过程和抗弹性能.结果表明:在中、高速弹体侵彻下,泡沫铝芯材发生了胞壁的绝热剪切和撕裂破坏,存在前面板的泡沫铝芯材还发生了胞壁压实坍塌;前面板发生绝热剪切破坏,弹速较低时,弹孔周围将产生明显的碟形弯曲变形,板厚较大、弹速较高时弹孔边缘存在开坑唇边;后面板发生了局部碟形弯曲-贯穿破坏,板厚较小时,后面板还产生了花瓣开裂.泡沫铝芯材吸能较小,泡沫铝和面板组成的夹芯结构吸能明显提高.面板的存在提高了靶板的抗弹性能,前面板对靶板的抗弹性能影响大于后面板的影响.同一种形式的靶板在高速弹体侵彻下的抗弹性能明显优于中速弹体侵彻下的抗弹性能.     

Ice impact response and energy dissipation characteristics of PVC foam core sandwich plates: Experimental and numerical study

In this paper, the dynamic responses and energy dissipation characteristics of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam core sandwich plates under ice impact are investigated. The ice impact tests of PVC foam core sandwich plates were conducted by employing the horizontal impact experimental apparatus. The finite element simulations were conducted to analyze the dynamic response of PVC foam core sandwich plates based on soil and concrete material model for ice impactor. It was demonstrated that numerical results were in good agreement with experimental results. The deformation modes of the top facesheets were coupling of local indentation with global bending deformation, while the deformation modes of bottom facesheets were overall bending deformation. The permanent deformation of face sheets show that the impact resistance of sandwich plate is better than that of equivalent weight hull plate (EWHP). In addition, based on the actual navigation environment of ship, the effect of impact angle and ice floe shape on dynamic response and energy dissipation are analyzed.     

金属夹层结构的舰船应用研究综述

金属夹层结构作为一种未来工程应用的新型结构,在舰船领域有着广阔的应用前景。立足于水面舰船背景,从金属夹层结构的基本类型、在舰船中的应用、抗爆抗冲击性能分析以及目前存在的技术难点等几个方面进行综述,发现在此领域有4个方面的问题亟待解决：应系统地开展舰用金属夹层结构的相关基础研究;需尽快系统地开展关于波纹夹芯板的相关研究;在相关基础研究的基础上,开展设计技术研究;开展大量试验研究工作,降低设计风险。