4月份欧洲重型汽车销量增长13％

由于意大利、法国和英国的货运交付公司更换老化车辆和扩大车队,4月份欧洲的重型汽车销量增长了13％。据欧洲汽车制造商协会5月27日公布,4月份欧洲销售的载重16t以上的重型汽车从26219辆增长到了29719辆。4月份销售增长了13％。达到了117301辆。意大利重型汽车的销量增长了50％。达到了2363辆,英国的重型汽车销量增长了46％达到了3145辆,法国的重型汽车销量增长了37％,达到了4467辆。4月份,欧洲的公共汽车销量增长了43％,达到了4808辆。3．5t以下的商用车增长了5．5％,达到了195671辆,而3．5t以上的重型汽车增长了12．1％,达到了40854辆。     

车辆转向系统的计算机辅助设计

介绍了应用ADAMS软件对车辆转向系统进行设计的方法，并对某车建立了其转向机构的动力学模型。采用了参数化分析方法，对影响转向角的因素进行了设计研究，并进行了优化设计。在优化设计的基础上。运用ADAMS求解出了液压缸的推力，算出了主要液压元件的参数。和传统的设计方法相比，这种方法提高了精度和效率。     

燃烧消耗量试验结果的数学处理和误差分析

提出了汽车等速行驶燃料消耗量试验曲线的数学拟合方法。对测量误差进行了分析。计算了拟合曲线９５％置信度的置信区间。列举了实例，并作了说明。     

驰骋职场，快意人生 蒙迪欧致胜车主的购车理由

Robin选择蒙迪欧致胜其实也是经过了很多次比对的。选了大车身、比了性价比、考量了提车日期。既参考了自己的工作,又顾及到了日常的生活。     

无人驾驶汽车的发展现状和相关建议

互联网技术的快速发展为汽车行业带来了翻天覆地的变化。无人驾驶汽车的出现缓解了交通拥堵问题，提升了交通安全水平，提高了交通系统效率。据此，首先从无人驾驶汽车基本原理着手，分析了无人驾驶汽车发展现状，阐述了无人驾驶汽车关键技术，并给出了相关的建议。     

外商投资对江苏省经济的影响分析

进入2l世纪以来,经济的飞速发展给我国带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战。我国吸收和利用外资是世界经济中的一个引入注目的现象。江苏外向型经济在全国名列前茅,利用外资不仅弥补了江苏的建设资金不足,引进了先进技术、管理经验和人才,而且优化了产业结构促进了技术进步、外贸,增加了就业,更推动了全省的经济体制改革和法律体系建设。本文首先介绍了江苏外商投资的概况,论述了外商投资对江苏经济的影响。针对近年来江苏利用外商投资的不足之处提出了对策建议。     

基于汽车ABS/ASR/ACC集成化系统的ABS参考车速确定方法的研究

分析了前人提出的汽车制动防抱系统控制中多种参考车速算法，比较了它们的优缺点。提出了参考车速的递推算法，给出了计算框图，进行了误差分析。在轿车上进行了大量的试验验证，结果表明该算法大大提高了参考车速确定的准确度及其自适应性，完善了ABS控制效果。     

剃齿产生中凹的原因及剃齿刀修磨技术

讨论了剃齿刀修磨的问题,提出了控制齿形中凹的修磨剃齿刀方法。解决了齿轮加工中的难题——剃齿工艺的质量问题。提高了齿轮加工效率,降低了加工成本。     

一种基于LQI的道路车辆定位方法实现

设计了一种基于无线网络的,用于特定路段的车辆定位系统。对常用的无线网络节点定位的方式进行了对比分析,结合车用无线定位的特点,选择了基于LQI信号的无线定位方式。在定位算法的设计中,改进了三边测量法,给出了一种基于正方形形心的定位算法。设计了合理的定位模型标定方法,对所设计的定位模型进行了标定。从定位误差的角度对标定的定位模型进行了试验分析。试验结果表明,论文给出的基于LQI的无线网络节点定位方法达到了预期的定位要求。     

旗舰 NEW PASSAT V6

自从之前上海大众推出了全新帕萨特之后,我们总是觉得少了些什么。就好像一支舰队缺少了旗舰,缺少了能够震慑对手的领袖一般。而如今这艘旗舰终于撩开了它的面纱。全新帕萨特的建制完整了,而我们也得以一窥它的真容。     

Effect of temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads on high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibrations

The soft under baseplate pad of WJ-8 rail fastener frequently used in China’s high-speed railways was taken as the study subject, and a laboratory test was performed to measure its temperature and frequency-dependent dynamic performance at 0.3?Hz and at ?60°C to 20°C with intervals of 2.5°C. Its higher frequency-dependent results at different temperatures were then further predicted based on the time–temperature superposition (TTS) and Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) formula. The fractional derivative Kelvin–Voigt (FDKV) model was used to represent the temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of the tested rail pad. By means of the FDKV model for rail pads and vehicle–track coupled dynamic theory, high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibrations due to temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads was investigated. Finally, further combining with the measured frequency-dependent dynamic performance of vehicle’s rubber primary suspension, the high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibration responses were discussed. It is found that the storage stiffness and loss factor of the tested rail pad are sensitive to low temperatures or high frequencies. The proposed FDKV model for the frequency-dependent storage stiffness and loss factors of the tested rail pad can basically meet the fitting precision, especially at ordinary temperatures. The numerical simulation results indicate that the vertical vibration levels of high-speed vehicle–track coupled systems calculated with the FDKV model for rail pads in time domain are higher than those calculated with the ordinary Kelvin–Voigt (KV) model for rail pads. Additionally, the temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of the tested rail pads would alter the vertical vibration acceleration levels (VALs) of the car body and bogie in 1/3 octave frequencies above 31.5?Hz, especially enlarge the vertical VALs of the wheel set and rail in 1/3 octave frequencies of 31.5–100?Hz and above 315?Hz, which are the dominant frequencies of ground vibration acceleration and rolling noise (or bridge noise) caused by high-speed railways respectively. Since the fractional derivative value of the adopted rubber primary suspension, unlike the tested rail pad, is very close to 1, its frequency-dependent dynamic performance has little effect on high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibration responses.     

Subjective absolute discomfort threshold due to idle vibration in passenger vehicles according to sitting posture

Idle vibration, occurring when a vehicle comes to a stop while the engine is on, is known to be a main cause of discomfort for passengers, and the customer effect has been recently growing. The frequency of idle vibration is determined by the engine type. To lower the vibration, various technologies have been applied to optimize the engine mount and vehicle body structure. In addition to the technological developments, research on human response with a consideration of idle vibration is needed to effectively reduce the level of discomfort experienced by passengers. Seats aimed at enhancing static comfort influence the sitting posture of passengers; sitting posture is a factor affecting human body characteristics that response to idle vibration. This study examined the absolute discomfort threshold of idle vibration according to the sitting postures of 13 taxi drivers. The four sitting postures of subjects on a rigid-body seat without a backrest were variables in the determination of absolute discomfort threshold of idle vibration. The absolute discomfort threshold curves obtained in this experiment were less sensitive to frequency changes than the frequency weighting function of ISO 2631-1.     

7自由度主动悬架整车模型最优控制的研究

应用汽车系统动力学理论,建立了七自由度主动悬架的动力学模型。根据线性二次型最优控制原理设计了主动悬架线性二次型(LQR)控制器,并构建了实现该控制策略的主动悬架控制仿真模型。仿真结果表明:对主动悬架进行最优控制,能够有效地降低车身垂直振动加速度、车身侧倾角加速度和俯仰角加速度。     

Nonlinearity in the vertical transmissibility of seating: the role of the human body apparent mass and seat dynamic stiffness

The efficiency of a seat in reducing vibration depends on the characteristics of the vibration, the dynamic characteristics of the seat, and the dynamic characteristics of the person sitting on the seat. However, it is not known whether seat cushions influence the dynamic response of the human body, whether the human body influences the dynamic response of seat cushions, or the relative importance of human body nonlinearity and seat nonlinearity in causing nonlinearity in measures of seat transmissibility. This study was designed to investigate the nonlinearity of the coupled seat and human body systems and to compare the apparent mass of the human body supported on rigid and foam seats. A frequency domain model was used to identify the dynamic parameters of seat foams and investigate their dependence on the subject-sitting weight and hip breadth. With 15 subjects, the force and acceleration at the seat base and acceleration at the subject interface were measured during random vertical vibration excitation (0.25–25 Hz) at each of five vibration magnitudes, (0.25–1.6 ms^?2 r.m.s.) with four seating conditions (rigid flat seat and three foam cushions). The measurements are presented in terms of the subject's apparent mass on the rigid and foam seat surfaces, and the transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of each of the foam cushions. Both the human body and the foams showed nonlinear softening behaviour, which resulted in nonlinear cushion transmissibility. The apparent masses of subjects sitting on the rigid seat and on foam cushions were similar, but with an apparent increase in damping when sitting on the foams. The foam dynamic stiffness showed complex correlations with characteristics of the human body, which differed between foams. The nonlinearities in cushion transmissibilities, expressed in terms of changes in resonance frequencies and moduli, were more dependent on human body nonlinearity than on cushion nonlinearity.     

轿车悬架最优减振特性的研究

本文提出了轿车悬架最优减振特性的新概念,建立了上海桑塔纳轿车的随机振动模型,模型中考虑了车身质心垂直振动及侧倾与纵倾,还考虑了横向稳定杆的作用,利用随机振动理论和动态优化理论寻求该车的最优减振特性曲线和准最优减振特性曲线的表达式,为今后设计主动式悬架的调节特性提供了依据。     

Influence of long-wavelength track irregularities on the motion of a high-speed train

Vertical track irregularities over viaducts in high-speed rail systems could be possibly caused by concrete creep if pre-stressed concrete bridges are used. For bridge spans that are almost uniformly distributed, track irregularity exhibits a near-regular wave profile that excites car bodies as a high-speed train moves over the bridge system. A long-wavelength irregularity induces low-frequency excitation that may be close to the natural frequencies of the train suspension system, thereby causing significant vibration of the car body. This paper investigates the relationship between the levels of car vibration, bridge vibration, track irregularity, and the train speed. First, this study investigates the vibration levels of a high-speed train and bridge system using 3D finite-element (FE) transient dynamic analysis, before and after adjustment of vertical track irregularities by means of installing shimming plates under rail pads. The analysis models are validated by in situ measurements and on-board measurement. Parametric studies of car body vibration and bridge vibration under three different levels of track irregularity at five train speeds and over two bridge span lengths are conducted using the FE model. Finally, a discontinuous shimming pattern is proposed to avoid vehicle suspension resonance.     

刚性索自锚式悬索桥动力性能分析

平顶山市建设路立交桥主桥为刚性索自锚式悬索桥,运用MIDAS Civil有限元程序建立该桥的空间有限元计算模型,对其动力性能进行计算与分析。计算结果表明:该刚性索自锚式悬索桥的自振频率较大,竖向频率比横向和扭转频率小;桥塔的横向振型出现较早;主缆与吊杆刚性化能够有效提高桥梁结构的频率,特别是提高桥梁结构横向振动频率,控制索面的横向摆动;刚性索自锚式悬索桥与相同结构的柔性索自锚式悬索桥计算得到的桥梁振型基本一致,刚性索自锚式悬索桥振动频率比柔性索自锚式悬索桥频率有所提高。     

汽车主动悬架的单神经元自适应控制

在1/4汽车动力学模型的基础上,设计了汽车主动悬架的自适应神经元控制器。以车辆的行驶平顺性为主要控制目标,车身垂直加速度、悬架动挠度、车轮动位移为具体评价参数,研究了系统在随机路面激励条件下的时域响应,计算了振动响应的均方根值,考察了在变参数条件下控制器的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该控制器能有效改善车辆的综合性能,尤其是平顺性和舒适性,并且具有较好的鲁棒性,对模型参数的变化有一定的适应性。     

Neuro-Fuzzy Control of a Tracked Vehicle Featuring Semi-Active Electro-Rheological Suspension Units

This paper presents vibration control of a tracked vehicle installed with electro-rheological suspension units (ERSU). As a first step, an in-arm type ERSU is designed, and its spring and damping characteristics are evaluated with respect to the intensity of electric fields. Subsequently, a 16 degree-of-freedom model for a tracked vehicle equipped with the proposed ERSU is established followed by the formulation of a neuro-fuzzy controller. This controller takes account for both ride quality and steering stability by adopting a weighting parameter between two performance requirements. The parameter is appropriately determined by employing a fuzzy algorithm associated with two fuzzy variables: the vertical speed of the body and the rotational angular speed of the wheel. Control performances to isolate unwanted vibration from bump and random road excitations are evaluated through computer simulations. In addition, maximum speed of the vehicle with 6 Watt power absorption is investigated with respect to the road roughness.     

Neuro-Fuzzy Control of a Tracked Vehicle Featuring Semi-Active Electro-Rheological Suspension Units

This paper presents vibration control of a tracked vehicle installed with electro-rheological suspension units (ERSU). As a first step, an in-arm type ERSU is designed, and its spring and damping characteristics are evaluated with respect to the intensity of electric fields. Subsequently, a 16 degree-of-freedom model for a tracked vehicle equipped with the proposed ERSU is established followed by the formulation of a neuro-fuzzy controller. This controller takes account for both ride quality and steering stability by adopting a weighting parameter between two performance requirements. The parameter is appropriately determined by employing a fuzzy algorithm associated with two fuzzy variables: the vertical speed of the body and the rotational angular speed of the wheel. Control performances to isolate unwanted vibration from bump and random road excitations are evaluated through computer simulations. In addition, maximum speed of the vehicle with 6 Watt power absorption is investigated with respect to the road roughness.