静磁场对熔融液滴振荡变形影响的相场模拟

为了解静磁场作用下熔融液滴振荡过程的特征,采用相场法数值模拟了硅熔体液滴的界面变形和内部对流过程,分析了轴向静磁场对初始形状为二阶Legendre函数硅熔体液滴界面振荡和内部对流的影响.研究表明:施加静磁场以后,液滴收缩较快,说明静磁场抑制了液滴内部流动;随着磁场强度从0增加至0.9 T,流函数最大值从0.57减小到0.08,液滴的界面振荡和内部对流逐渐减弱,液滴的长短轴比更快趋近于1,但磁场对液滴的振荡周期没有明显影响,显示相场法能够模拟密度较大的熔融液滴的界面振荡和内部对流过程.      

A new algorithm for non-newtonian flow and its application in mould filling process

The simulation of injection molding process requires a stable algorithm to model the molten polymer with non-isothermal non-Newtonian property. In this paper, a staggered and iterative scheme is particularly designed to solve the velocity-pressure-temperature variables. In consideration of the polymer characteristic of high viscosity and low thermal conductivity, the non-Newtonian momentum-mass conservation equations are solved by the Crank-Nicolson method based split (CNBS) scheme, and the energy conservation equation with convective character is discretized by the characteristic Galerkin (CG) method. In addition, an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) free surface tracking and mesh generation method is introduced to catch the front of the fluid flow. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by numerical experiments including a lid-driven cavity flow problem and an injection molding problem.     

Understanding Spray Coating Process: Visual Observation of Impingement of Multiple Droplets on a Substrate

Spray coating is a facile deposition process with numerous existing and emerging applications. However, spray coating is a stochastic process comprising impingement of many droplets which upon impact on a heated substrate may dry or solidify individually or coalesce first to form a thin liquid film and then dry to yield a thin solid film. There is very limited knowledge on how this process occurs; therefore in this work, high speed imaging is used to visualize the spray coating process. Two model solutions including food-dye with properties like those of water, and poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), a polymeric solution, are sprayed onto permeable glossy paper and regular impermeable glass substrates. Substrates are kept at room temperature and 80 °C elevated temperature. In some cases, a vertical ultrasonic vibration is imposed on the substrate to study its effect on the coating process. It is observed that the spray coating process is highly random and stochastic. A higher substrate temperature results in a better coating process in that a more uniform and defect-free coating forms. Imposed vibration in the case of glossy paper substrates results in better droplet spreading and more uniform coating. The results also show that under the conditions of these experiments, impinged droplets dry individually or as islands of multiple coalesced droplets to form a coating. In other words, at used spray flow rate and spray droplet size, a continuous thin liquid film does not form prior to drying even at room temperature. Further systematic studies and high magnification lenses are required to visualize and understand the details of the process.     

Numerical study on flow structure of a shallow laminar round jet

The evolution mechanism and characteristics of the submerged laminar round jet in a viscous homogenous shallow water layer are investigated through computational modeling. The laminar mode is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. In order to visualize the formation and evolution of the flow pattern, the volume of fluid (VOF) method is adopted to simulate the free surface of the water layer below the air and to trace the jet fluid. The results show that the jet forms a class of quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) vortex structures in the ambient fluid with unequal influence from the bottom wall and free surface. The time dependence of three parameters, defined for the flow pattern as jet length, spiral radius and pattern length, is investigated quantitatively in their non-dimensional forms. Three different Reynolds numbers and two injection durations are further considered to discuss their influence on the flow pattern.     

相场法模拟悬浮熔融硅液滴内部对流及自由界面变形现象

为了模拟具有高密度比的两相流,提出采用牛顿迭代求解半隐式格式离散Cahn-Hilliard方程的方法,应用相场法模拟水的溃坝流和水下气泡的上升变形过程,发现水碰到右边壁面时,水面上卷,气泡在浮力作用下逐渐上升,从球形逐渐变为帽形,模拟结果与界面跟踪法模拟结果一致,验证了数值算法的正确性.在此基础上,数值模拟了悬浮熔融硅液滴的流动、变形过程,结果表明,具有初始变形的液滴在表面张力的作用下逐渐收缩,液滴内产生对流,然后,液滴逐渐变为长条状,液滴内分布着4个涡胞,沿纵向排列.     

Numerical simulation of fluid flow caused by buoyancy forces during vacuum arc remelting process

The metallurgical structure and composition of ingots which depend critically on the fluid motion within the molten pool during the vacuum arc remelting (VAR) process have important effect on the subsequent mechanical processes like forging, rolling and welding. In order to determine the fluid motion of molten pool, a 2D finite element model is established using ANSYS10.0 software, combined with the turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer. The fluid motion caused by thermo buoyancy forces is investigated at different VAR processes in the present study. The results indicate that the fluid flows symmetrically along the axis of the molten pool and clockwisely along the circle at the right pool’s profile. It is also shown that the maximum velocity increases with increasing melting rate and a direct proportional relationship exists.     

PVA纤维水泥基复合材料抗冲蚀磨损性能试验研究

挟沙水流对桥墩的冲蚀磨损严重,继而影响桥梁的安全服役.为此,采用自主研制的冲蚀磨损试验装置,对一种桥墩抗冲蚀磨损材料——聚乙烯醇（polyvinyl alcohol,PVA）纤维水泥基复合材料进行冲蚀磨损试验.以普通砂浆为参照,首先,测试了普通砂浆试块和PVA纤维水泥基复合材料试块的抗压强度;然后,测量了冲蚀引起的质量损失,并分析了两类材料在不同冲击角度下的冲蚀磨损特点;最后,采用计算流体力学程序开展数值模拟,从流场角度对冲蚀磨损机理开展了深入分析.研究结果表明：水胶比对材料抗冲蚀磨损性能影响最大,水胶比越低,材料的强度越高和抗冲蚀磨损性能越好;在不同的冲击角度下,试块表面的冲蚀坑形状不同,在90°冲击条件下,冲蚀坑呈圆环状,在30°冲击条件下,冲蚀坑呈马蹄形;普通砂浆和E3配合比试块随冲击时间增加,单位时间（5 min）的质量损失逐渐减小,但两者的冲蚀过程不同.     

基于FLUENT的硅油减振器热片散热性能分析

散热片的散热性能好坏严重影响硅油减振器的使用寿命.利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,建立了硅油减振器散热片的三维模型,模型中将热场与流场进行了耦合;通过对散热片表面的温度分布特性、空气流动特性和散热率进行数值模拟,研究分析了散热片不同结构型式对其散热性能的影响.本文的分析方法可用于指导硅油减振器散热片的设计和选型.     

公路隧道运营期火灾烟气流扩散规律及救援对策

火灾发生时隧道内烟气流的扩散规律对火灾救援至关重要。以张涿高速公路分水岭特长隧道为背景,采用计算流体动力学方法,对隧道火灾烟气流扩散进行数值模拟,总结了火灾工况下的烟气扩散规律,据此提出了相应的公路隧道火灾救援对策。     

高速列车空调系统及车内流场分析

为检验高速列车空调系统设计的合理性,针对高速列车新风入口负压大、空调管路系统复杂、密封性好 的特点,建立了车厢内部与空调系统的整体模型.用有限体积法求解计算流体力学的控制微分方程,对整体流场 进行数值模拟,得到了风速、温度、湿度和CO2 体积浓度在客室内的分布,并用流场指标和热舒适性指标对客室 内的热舒适性进行了评价.结果表明:夏季列车以350km/h的速度行驶时,车厢内温度场分布比较均匀,CO2 体积浓度平均值为0.07%,满足不大于0.15%的舒适性要求;过道处风速高,导致有效温度差最大为-4.5C, 低于舒适指标标准值2.8C;送、回风方式是保证流场参数均匀分布及热舒适性的关键.      

Effect of remelting current on molten pool profile of titanium alloy ingot during vacuum arc remelting process

The performance of vacuum arc remelting (VAR) ingot depends largely on ingot structure and chemical uniformity, which are strongly influenced by molten pool profile that is influenced by VAR process. To better understand the effect of remelting current on molten pool profile of titanium alloy ingot during VAR process, a 3D finite element model is developed by the ANSYS software. The results show that there are three remelting stages during VAR process when the remelting current is 2.0 kA. The molten pool depth increases gradually from 30 to 320 s, then the change of molten pool depth is very small during the steady state stage from 320 to 386 s, and lastly the molten pool depth becomes shallow after 386 s. The melting rate and temperature of superheat increase with the remelting current increasing, which leads to the augment of molten pool volume. In the end, the total remelting time and steady state molten pool time decrease with the melting current from 1.6 to 2.8 kA.     

考虑瞬态温度场的水平井水力冲砂临界排量

针对目前油气田水平井水力冲砂施工难度大、难以辨识合理的冲砂排量的问题.基于水平井地层-井筒瞬时温度场模型,提出水平井环空临界流速计算模型,考虑瞬时温度场对冲砂液黏度的影响.通过有限体积法求解瞬时温度场,结合冲砂液温度-黏度方程,求取了水平井全井段全过程环空临界流速,在此基础上建立了临界排量计算新方法.通过对4种常用冲砂液进行实例分析表明:与不考虑温度情况相比,考虑温度时全过程最大环空临界流速分别增大了9.20%、17.26%、9.85%和7.64%,临界排量分别增大了8.33%、18.18%、10.00%和11.11%,说明了水平井水力冲砂排量计算考虑温度影响的必要性.      

Characteristics of flow field around an underwater projectile with natural and ventilated cavitation

The present simulation investigates the multiphase cavitating flow around an underwater projectile. Based on the homogeneous equilibrium flow assumption, a mixture model is applied to simulate the multiphase cavitating flow including ventilated cavitation caused by air injection as well as natural cavitation. The transport equation cavitating model and a local linear low-Reynolds-number turbulence model are incorporated to the equation system. The calculations are executed based on a suite of computational fluid dynamics code. The hydrodynamics characteristics of flow field under the interaction of natural cavitation and ventilated cavitation are analyzed. The results indicate that the ventilated cavitation numbers and the drag coefficient are relative to the natural cavitation numbers and gas flow rate in the multiphase cavitating flows.     

Theoretical,Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Microfluidic Droplet Generation and Recovering Process with Applications in Frying Oil Assessments

The research on microfluidic droplet size prediction has been extensive and fruitful, while the droplet deforming process has been seldom studied. In this paper, a frying-oil-assessing microfluidic device was designed to study the droplet deforming and recovering processes, which were dominated by channel geometry, flow rates, sheath flow viscosity and interfacial tension of the two phases. Theoretical expressions of the deforming process and its extreme value were obtained for the first time, supported by simulation and experiments. Theoretical, simulation and experimental results indicated that the steady-state droplet length could be a useful parameter for frying oil assessment.     

Computational Fluid Dynamics Uncertainty Analysis for Simulations of Roll Motions for a 3D Ship

The roll motions are influenced by significant viscous effects such as the flow separation.The 3D simulations of free decay roll motions for the ship model DTMB 5512 are carried out by Reynold averaged NavierStokes(RANS) method based on the dynamic mesh technique.A new moving mesh technique is adopted and discussed in details for the present simulations.The purpose of the research is to obtain accurate numerical prediction for roll motions with their respective numerical/modeling errors and uncertainties.Errors and uncertainties are estimated by performing the modern verification and validation(VV) procedures.Simulation results for the free-floating surface combatant are used to calculate the linear,nonlinear damping coefficients and resonant frequencies including a wide range of forward speed.The present work can provide a useful reference to calculate roll damping by computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method and simulate a general ship motions in waves.     

Experimental Investigation of Spray Evaporation in Turbulent Flow in Countercurrent Humidifier

IntroductionThe HAT( humid air turbine) cycle is an ad-vanced power generation system with high efficien-cy,low cost,high specific power,excellentoff- de-sign performance and low NOx emissions withoutcomplex system introduction.It has aroused con-siderable interest,and is predicted as an advancedthermal power cycle for this century[1] .The proto-type of modern HAT cycle was proposed by Morietal.,and gotmuch progress recently.HAT cycleuses a working fluid of air,water and steam mix-ture,an…     

Investigation on drag reduction of trucks

A study of the mechanism of fences was given to reduce drag by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental research. A 3D mathematical model has been developed based on computational fluid dynamics software Phoenics that was capable of handling steady state, 3D flow to simulate the flow field around the truck. The experiment made in a low speed wind tunnel is used as references for validation. By analyzing the results of calculation and experiment, the flowing mechanism of the flow field around the container truck and the drag-reducing mechanism of #-shaped fences on the truck are unveiled, which provides theoretical guidance to the aerodynamic formation designing and amelioration.     

Research on flow loss of inlet duct of marine waterjets

In the process of performance prediction of waterjet system,the flow loss of inlet duct is usually reckoned by the rule of thumb. But its value is often overestimated to some extent,resulting in error of prediction accuracy. This paper introduces a new method to determine the flow loss by means of computational fluid dynamic (CFD). Firstly,the fluid field around waterjet system is simulated by solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations using commercial CFD code Fluent. Then an additional U...     

基于驱替效应的盾构壁后注浆微观模型分析

当盾构隧道位于水位线以下时,为了分析壁后注浆浆液驱动地下水体过程,基于毛细管组渗透理论,将浆液的渗流路径概化为毛细管,考虑牛顿流体浆液驱动地下水(牛顿流体)进行扩散,推导了半球形及柱形模型浆液渗流扩散半径计算式,并讨论了注浆压力、浆液水灰比、地层渗透系数的影响.研究结果表明:浆液扩散半径主要与注浆压力、渗透率、注浆时间...     

In-depth analysis of traffic congestion using computational fluid dynamics （CFD） modeling method

This paper introduces computational fluid dynamics(CFD),a numerical approach widely and successfully used in aerospace engineering,to deal with surface traffic flow related problems.After a brief introduction of the physical and mathematical foundations of CFD,this paper develops CFD implementation methodology for modeling traffic problems such as queue/platoon distribution,shockwave propagation,and prediction of system performance.Some theoretical and practical applications are discussed in this paper to i...