Phase Behaviors in Bi-phase Simulation of Powder Segregation in Metal Injection Molding

Powder segregation induced by mold filling is an important phenomenon that affects the final quality of metal injection molding （MIM）. The prediction of segregation in MIM requires a bi-phase flow model to describe distinctly the flows of metallic powder and polymer binder. Viscous behaviors for the flows of each phase should hence be determined. The coefficient of interaction between the flows of two phases should also be evaluated. However, only viscosity of the mixed feedstock is measurable by capillary tests. Wall sticking is supposed in the traditional model for capillary tests, while the wall slip is important to be taken into account in MIM injection. Objective of the present paper is to introduce the slip effect in bi-phase simulation, and search the suitable way to determine the viscous behaviors for each phase with the consideration of wall slip in capillary tests. Analytical and numerical methods were proposed to realize such a specific purpose. The proposed method is based on the mass conservation between the capillary flows in mono-phase model for the mixed feedstock and in bi-phase model for the flows of two phases. Examples of the bi-phase simulation in MIM were realized with the software developed by research team. The results show evident segregation, which is valuable for improving the mould designs.     

注射成形填充模拟的修正算法

为提高注射成形过程数值模拟结果的准确性,采用类似迎风法的概念,通过对平流方程作为填充状态控制方程而导致模拟失真原因的分析,提出了相应的数值修正算法.该方法在高效显式数值模拟算法和有限元软件基础上,通过对模型内流体速度场的系统性操作,削弱空气流动速度场对喂料填充的不真实影响,使得填充状态的输送更基于流动前沿面后部的流场作用,并对⊥型和L型模腔进行了数值仿真.结果表明:该方法能有效抑制填充流的失真现象,实现了在流动过程中流向发生大角度变化模腔的正确填充过程.      

OPTIMIZATION OF INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS BASED ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND BP NEURAL NETWORKS

IntroductionPlastic injection molding is a very complexprocess and its process planning has a direct influ-ence on product quality and production efficiency.In real industry practice,the determination of in-jection molding process is usually made by makingmolding trial runs repeatedly by process planner,and the time needed and to whatdegree the param-eters were optimized are largely dependent on theexperience of process planner[1] .With marketcom-petition intensified,time and quality have beco…     

面向对象的虚拟FMS建模及加工仿真

为解决柔性制造系统中资源重组引起的布局问题,采用面向对象的建模方法建立了柔性制造系统的虚拟仿真系统.该虚拟仿真系统通过对制造系统中各设备进行几何和行为建模,建立虚拟设备模型;采用生产计划流建立车间布局方案和调度模型.通过仿真,不仅能验证加工代码的正确性,还能根据加工工艺仿真结果分析布局的合理性和可行性,并对布局进行优化.最后,对2种布局进行了仿真,结果表明所建立的仿真系统是可行和有效的.     

Guaranteed Cost Iterative Learning Control for Multi-Phase Batch Processes

Batch process is a typical multi-phase process. Due to the interaction between the phases of the batch process, high precision control in a single phase cannot guarantee high precision control of the whole batch process. In order to solve this problem, the guaranteed cost iterative learning control (ILC) of multi-phase batch processes is studied in this paper. Firstly, through introducing the output error, the state error and the extended information, the multi-phase batch process is transformed into an equivalent 2D switched system which has different dimensions. In addition, under the measurable condition, the guaranteed cost iterative learning control law with extended information is designed. The proposed control law ensures not only the stability of the system but also the optimal control performance. Next, in order to study the stability of the system and the minimum running time under the condition of stable running, the multi-Lyapunov function method is used. By means of the average dwell time method, the sufficient conditions ensuring system to be exponentially stable are given in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Finally, the injection molding process is taken as an example to make simulation, which shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于Moldflow的仪表盖模具设计

以Pro/E为工具,通过对仪表盖的结构和工艺性分析,论述了仪表盖注射模设计中应考虑的因素.重点介绍了利用Moldflow软件来模拟注射流动过程,根据模拟结果调整了设计方案并给出了解决方案,最后给出了模具装配图.这样设计,可缩短模具设计周期,提高模具的一次成品率.     

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为了深入研究多式联运运输方案优化问题,将问题抽象成为组合优化问题,并将交叉熵方法应用于多式联运问题的研究.探讨综合运输的背景下,寻求运输成本、转运费用等最小化的运输方案,提出了针对多式联运运输方案选择问题的交叉熵算法,并给出了计算步骤和相应的计算方法.在计算过程中,为了验证本文提出算法的有效性,采用节点扩展的网络图描述多式联运网络,进而转化为最短路问题进行求解.结果表明,运输成本、转运费用对运输方案起到关键作用,并且提出的交叉熵算法能够很快收敛.     

城市轨道交通大小交路列车组织方案优化研究

开行大小交路列车是应对城市轨道交通线路客流不均衡问题的有效方式,针对大小交路列车运行组织方案优化问题,提出以车辆运力与客流间的供需关系为约束,以综合减少乘客总候车时间以及地铁车辆总运营里程为目标,建立非线性混合整数规划模型,通过决策小交路折返站的位置、小交路区段的平均车头时距、大小交路列车开行比例以及大小交路列车编组数,实现乘客方和地铁运营方的综合效益最优,并讨论列车运行组织方案中不同运行参数对双方的影响,为大小交路列车运行组织方案的设计和优化调整提供参考。     

公路路线方案比选的水土保持评价

结合《辽阳灯塔至沈阳辽中高速公路水土保持方案》编制中对路线方案进行的水土保持定量分析评价,提出了公路项目水土保持评价因素,验证了公路项目路线方案比选水土保持定量评价方法的可行性。     

Revised Three-Dimensional Navier-Stokes Characteristic Boundary Conditions for Intense Reactive Turbulence

The three-dimensional Navier-Stokes characteristic boundary conditions(3D-NSCBC), although physically reasonable and popular in many applications, may encounter the instability problem in simulating complex flows, especially for large Reynolds number reactive turbulence where locally the strong reversed flow appears at the outflow boundary surfaces. In the present work, a revised 3D-NSCBC strategy is proposed based on the kinematic relation in different moving coordinate systems. Following this strategy, a systematic formulation is presented for the outflow surface with local reversed flow and can be easily extended to the coupled edge and corner boundaries. Direct numerical simulation(DNS) tests of flow with different turbulence intensities are carried out. Compared with the conventional 3D-NSCBC, the newly proposed method exhibits satisfactory performance to confine numerical instability in the strong reversed flow region. The results confirm the robustness and effectiveness of this newly proposed algorithm.     

铁路集装箱旅客化运输系统开行方案研究

针对铁路集装箱旅客化运输系统开行方案编制问题,采用基于备选集的优化方法,同时结合货物运输组织特点,规定了箱流物理径路和运输方案的唯一性.在考虑箱流守恒、箱流换乘、箱流运到期限,以及列车开行频率等约束的基础上,以运输企业成本最小化为目标,建立了整数线性规划模型,并设计模拟退火求解算法.最后,构建运输网络进行案例分析,验证了模型和算法的有效性.研究结果表明,与现有货物运输系统相比,新型集装箱系统充分发挥了网络运输的优势,在列车开行频率、货物送达速度和运到期限方面表现更加优异,但同时牺牲了部分列车“上座率”.     

Finite Element Methods for Coupled Stokes and Darcy Problems

We derived and analyzed a new numerical scheme for the coupled Stokes and Darcy problems by using H(div) conforming elements in the entire domain. The approach employs the mixed finite element method for the Darcy equations and a stabilized H(div) finite element method for the Stokes equations. Optimal error estimates for the fluid velocity and pressure are derived. The finite element solutions from the new scheme not only feature a full satisfaction of the continuity equation, which is highly demanded in scientific computing, but also satisfy the mass conservation.     

适用于路网潮汐流的可变车道设置方法研究

城市交通流潮汐现象导致了路段双向通行能力利用不均衡,早、晚高峰时段交通需求的不对称导致了早、晚高峰时段拥堵路段不具有空间对称性.本文从城市交通网络的角度出发,提出了一种对早、晚高峰时段可变车道设置方案进行综合决策的方法.以交通均衡理论为基础,以降低城市交通网络高峰期出行总费用和减少可变车道设置管理成本为目标,建立了一主二从双层规划模型,其中上层为可变车道设置的决策方案;下层根据上层决策方案分别对早、晚高峰时段交通需求进行交通分配,并设计了求解模型的遗传算法.算例分析表明,与不设置可变车道方案、早晚高峰时段分别设置方案进行比较,早晚高峰时段综合设置方案减少了系统总费用.     

An range-free localization scheme for large scale underwater wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we study an area localization problem in large scale underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). The limited bandwidth, the severely impaired channel and the cost of underwater equipment all make the underwater localization problem very challenging. Exact localization is very difficult for UWSNs in deep underwater environment. We propose a range free method based on mobile detachable elevator transceiver (DET) and 3D multi-power area localization scheme (3D-MALS) to address the challenging problem. In the proposed scheme, the ideas of 2D multi-power area localization scheme (2D-ALS) and utilizing DET are used to achieve the simplicity, location accuracy, scalability and low cost performances. The DET can rise and get down to broadcast its position. And it is assumed that all the underwater nodes underwater have pressure sensors and know their z coordinates. We evaluate the performances of 2D-ALS and our proposed 3D-MALS schemes under both ideal and non-ideal channel propagation conditions, in terms of localization error and localization ratio. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme is much more efficient than the 2D-ALS.     

基于灵敏度阻抗矩阵修正法的分层前推回代潮流算法

分布式电源（DG）接入配电网对潮流产生重要影响.本文分析了潮流计算中各种分布式电源模型及处理方法,引入灵敏度阻抗矩阵修正法更新PV节点的注入无功功率,结合辐射型配电网的特点,提出一种基于灵敏度阻抗矩阵修正法的分层前推回代潮流算法.该算法解决了前推回代潮流算法处理PV节点失效的问题,同时适用于含各类分布式电源的潮流计算.最后对含各种类型分布式电源的IEEE 33节点配电网进行潮流计算仿真,仿真结果验证了提出算法的有效性和快速性,并通过不同算例验证了算法的稳定性.     

重载运输战略装车域车流组合方案优化

为研究铁路重载运输装车端车流组织优化问题,首先分析了基于重载运输的战略装车域车流组织过程,将其按货源供给水平及运输组织方式划分为战略装车点、装车区及装车域3个层次,根据装车域车流以单元式重载列车和组合式重载列车进行组织的特征,以组合列车总组合时间最小化为目标,考虑年目标运量、线路能力、装车点(区)装车能力等约束条件,引入组合映射关系式表示组合站的车流接续关系,构建了符合我国重载线路装车域车流组织特征的车流组合方案优化模型,并设计了启发式算法进行求解.算例结果表明:根据论文提出的优化方法,可获得3种等价的组合方案,其中算例优化方案2与现场车流组织方案相符,其余两种等价组织方案的组合内容不同,但总时间消耗相同.      

Network lifetime global optimization for multi-source and single-sink topology in wireless sensor networks

The multi-source and single-sink (MSSS) topology in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is defined as a network topology, where all of nodes can gather, receive and transmit data to the sink. In energy-constrained WSNs with such a topology, the joint optimal design in the physical, medium access control (MAC) and network layers is considered for network lifetime maximization (NLM). The problem of integrating multi-layer information to compute NLM, which involves routing flow, link schedule and transmission power, is formulated as a non-linear optimization problem. Specially under time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme, this problem can be transformed into a convex optimization problem. To solve it analytically we make use of the property that local optimization is global optimization in convex problem. This allows us to exploit the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions to solve it and obtain analytical solution expression, i.e., the globally optimal network lifetime (NL). NL is derived as a function of number of nodes, their initial energy and data rate arrived at them.Based on the analysis of analytical approach, it takes the influence of data rates, link access and routing method over NLM into account. Moreover, the globally optimal transmission schemes are achieved by solution set during analytical approach and applied to algorithms in TDMA-based WSNs aiming at NLM on OMNeT<++> to compare with other suboptimal schemes.     

考虑上下游通行能力匹配的干线禁左模型

已有针对禁左的研究大多从单交叉口交通设计的角度,考虑禁左后的左转交通流组织问题,如U-turn,连续流交叉口设计等,缺少干线整体层面的、针对干线禁左位置选择的研究.本文分别以干线整体通行能力最大、干线交叉口间通行能力匹配值最优为目标,以干线最佳禁左交叉口位置、周期时长、绿信比为决策变量,综合考虑禁左绕行范围、流量守恒、绿灯时间、饱和度、周期时长等约束条件,建立干线禁左的混合整数线性规划模型,并采用分支定界法进行求解.以济南纬二路6个连续交叉口为例进行实例验证,结果表明,对比实地模型与Synchro模型,本文模型能有效降低干线整体车均延误,提高干线整体通行能力,降低排队长度,并使交通流在干线上的分布更加均衡.     

泥石流与主河交汇区三维数值模拟

依据流体力学和非牛顿流体力学原理,建立了交汇区混合流运动方程,分析并提出了双场交汇计算的耦合模型,主要包括数值计算方法、交汇区流变关系和泥沙沉降关系.通过计算表明,该三维耦合计算模型能与实测资料相吻合,并能详细刻画交汇区泥沙浓度分布规律及主河水位的变化.     

泥石流与主河交汇区三维数值模拟

依据流体力学和非牛顿流体力学原理,建立了交汇区混合流运动方程,分析并提出了双场交汇计算的耦合模型,主要包括数值计算方法、交汇区流变关系和泥沙沉降关系.通过计算表明,该三维耦合计算模型能与实测资料相吻合,并能详细刻画交汇区泥沙浓度分布规律及主河水位的变化.