特大断面隧道爆破开挖方法对比分析研究

文章以兰渝线关子岭隧道为依托,针对特大断面隧道V级围岩段采取光面爆破与预裂爆破两种爆破方案进行对比分析。结果表明：大断面隧道爆破开挖施工中最大位移出现在拱项部位,施工中应加强对拱顶部位及其他关键点的监测;最大主应力出现在仰拱中点和拱腰部位,施工中须加强对仰拱中点和拱腰部位的支护。     

采用三台阶工法开挖的原位扩建隧道现场监测及分析

为研究三台阶法施工对原位扩建隧道结构及邻近既有隧道扰动的影响规律,文章依托福建厦蓉高速公路后祠隧道原位扩建工程,分别对隧道围岩及支护结构应力、松动圈及应力场和邻近既有隧道爆破振动进行了现场监测。结果表明,断面各部位围岩及支护结构应力随时间推移而缓慢增加,最终趋于平稳,且每级台阶开挖均会对其产生扰动,表现为应力的突增;扩建后隧道围岩松动圈拱顶位于6~9 m深处,左右边墙均位于0~6 m深处,拱顶沉降位移大于两帮收敛位移。左边墙围岩应力大于右边墙围岩应力,洞周3 m深处围岩应力小于6 m深处围岩应力,开挖造成的围岩塑性区为3 m左右;施工中实际爆破振速大多小于设防标准,爆破对既有隧道的支护结构体系未造成重大破坏,最大爆破振速出现在监测断面前10 m左右的位置,与掌子面相比振速增长2.9%~4.5%,且围岩质量越好,峰值振速越大,最大峰值振速断面前方振速衰减速度远远小于后方振速衰减速度。     

白山隧道塌方处治技术及其监测结果分析

白山左线隧道施工中,针对塌方发展过程和塌方机理,实施了一套基于"地表排水、围岩注浆、衬砌增强、基底防降"的塌方综合治理方案。文章分析了方案实施后的地表沉降、拱顶下沉、拱腰和边墙水平收敛的位移变化规律,以及初期支护背后水压力、初期支护与围岩的接触应力、锚杆轴力、型钢拱架应力及二次衬砌混凝土应力的发展趋势。结果表明:在软弱围岩地段,拱墙二次衬砌的施作显著改善了初期支护与围岩的接触应力,有效地减小了地表沉降及隧洞周边位移;同时,拱墙二次衬砌能有效地分担锚杆和型钢拱架的的部分荷载,改善仰拱二次衬砌的受力状况;塌方综合治理方案效果较好,保障了该隧道剩余塌方段的安全施工。     

双连拱隧道结构内力分析与围岩稳定性试验研究

双连拱隧道模型的相似性试验是进行隧道结构力学研究的主要方法。文章基于相似性试验原理,以广西马江隧道的实际工程为例,对双连拱隧道的结构内力和围岩稳定性进行了模型试验研究,并通过三导坑法及双导坑法对隧道洞室周边的径向位移进行了测试分析。试验结果表明:洞室周边径向位移的峰值出现在拱顶处,其次是腰部位置。     

高地震烈度下超大直径海底盾构隧道地震响应分析

文章运用FLAC3D软件,采用动力有限元法,对高地震烈度下超大直径海底隧道地震响应进行了分析。分析结果表明:与单纯自重应力场作用下相比,地震作用会造成结构内力的增大,拱顶及拱腰为其受力薄弱部位;在重力及地震共同作用下,衬砌结构的拉应力主要出现在拱顶附近,最大拉应力超过C60混凝土的抗拉强度设计值,拱顶的衬砌管片可能出现局部脱落;衬砌结构的最大受力和位移一般发生在地震2~6 s的时间段;各关键点位置的位移、弯矩、剪力、轴力时程曲线具有相似的变化规律;隧道衬砌最大水平位移为3.6 cm,最大竖向位移为3.7 cm。     

不同地质条件浅埋偏压小净距隧道施工力学效应研究

在不同地质条件下浅埋偏压小净距隧道的施工力学效应会有很大不同,尤其在半软半硬岩层中,隧道开挖会破坏软硬岩层交界处软弱围岩的稳定性,其施工力学效应更为特殊。文章采用有限差分软件FLAC3D对15种工况下隧道开挖进行了模拟,对均质硬岩、均质软岩和竖向半软半硬岩中不同净距隧道的拱顶沉降、中岩墙的水平位移、中岩墙最大主应力和围岩塑性区进行了分析。结果表明,均质硬岩隧道拱顶沉降最小,竖向半软半硬岩隧道拱顶沉降和硬岩比较接近,软弱围岩隧道拱顶沉降最大;竖向半软半硬岩隧道中岩柱上部围岩稳定性较差,中部水平位移最大;隧道开挖引起软岩侧洞室上覆盖层围岩稳定性变差,可能引起隧道坍塌。     

多心圆拱隧道支护结构内力反演分析的理论研究

在施工环境下对多心圆拱隧道支护结构的内力分布特征进行研究,是保证隧道施工安全的关键措施之一。文章采用弹性地基曲梁理论,基于初参数法和现场围岩量测压力,从理论上推导了多心圆拱隧道支护结构内力计算的反演表达式,并结合集呼高速旗下营隧道某断面围岩压力的实测数据,反演了隧道衬砌结构的内力分布情况,对衬砌结构的薄弱部位进行了安全性评价。结果表明,隧道BG弧段衬砌结构弯矩和剪力较大,在施工过程中应加强该部位的现场监测工作;隧道拱顶部位混凝土可能出现弯拉造成的开裂现象,应注意加强观测。     

飞机降落冲击荷载作用下高铁隧道动力响应及疲劳损伤研究北大核心CSCD

针对运营期高铁隧道衬砌结构在飞机降落冲击荷载作用下的动力响应规律及疲劳损伤问题,以成自高铁下穿天府机场东二跑道区间隧道为工程背景,采用有限元分析的方法研究隧道动力响应及疲劳损伤规律。结果表明:B747-400型飞机在粗暴着陆后0.05 s时刻动力载荷达到最大值,约为500 kN;在单次粗暴着陆工况下,拱顶位移和受力最大,位移最大峰值为1.58 mm,拉应力最大峰值为437.79 kPa,压应力最大峰值为556.24 kPa,衬砌结构未出现塑性损伤;飞机荷载长期作用下,随着循环次数的增加,结构损伤部位和程度也随之增加,拱顶损伤最突出,其次为边墙,隧道衬砌在上方飞机长期粗暴着陆作用下的疲劳寿命大致为25 a。     

层状千枚岩隧道形变破坏规律与支护措施研究

千枚岩软弱结构面发育,岩体呈互层结构且风化严重。在类似层状岩体中开挖隧道,围岩将出现大变形,严重危及隧道施工安全。文章基于成兰铁路杨家坪隧道,建立宏观层理分布模型,对层状千枚岩隧道形变破坏规律与支护措施展开了相关研究。研究结果表明:岩层法向位移在洞周呈斜向"X"型分布,位移峰值位于隧道拱顶及边墙部位;岩层切向位移位于隧道两斜交45°方向呈"蝴蝶"状分布,位移峰值位于隧道的拱肩及拱脚部位,位移分布不对称性明显;隧道边墙附近围岩主要表现为层面间张拉破坏,隧道拱部附近围岩主要表现为层面间错动滑移破坏。基于以上分析结果,针对现场支护参数提出优化措施,并进行隧道变形及支护受力监测。现场监测结果表明:支护参数经调整后,对围岩形变控制效果明显,有效改善了隧道偏压受力现象。     

乔庄隧道穿越软弱围岩施工力学行为分析

文章以济邵高速公路乔庄隧道为例,应用有限元程序对软弱围岩段隧道实体建模,采用二维弹塑性地层-结构模型模拟隧道施工全过程,得到了初期支护和二次衬砌等支护构件的受力和围岩位移收敛状况;同时,通过比较表明,拱顶下沉和拱腰水平收敛以及支护受力现场实测值与理论计算数据两者变化规律基本吻合。由此说明,采用现场动态监控量测与有限元仿真模拟相结合的方法可为隧道衬砌设计和安全施工提供可靠的科学依据和技术指导。     

Flexibility in planning and development of a container terminal: an application of an American-style call option

The prosperity and social progress of developed and developing economies is highly dependent on the existence of efficient transport infrastructure. Nevertheless, current budgetary constraints are jeopardizing the necessary investments in new or existing infrastructure. New models for planning and managing infrastructure are now necessary to overcome the lack of public economic resources available. Port infrastructure is no exception and, due to the vast number of uncertainties involving these projects, it is relevant to maximize the capture of the latent value of flexible options. Incorporating flexibility in these projects, prior to the implementation phase, can be a solution that allows port managers to address future uncertainties and mitigate risk exposure. This paper analyzes the incorporation of flexibility in port planning through the use of an American call option to the physical capacity expansion problem. The rationale is to implement a flexible expansion plan, through options that can be exercised at any given time, that are able to deal with uncertainty in demand. The paper uses a case study – Terminal Container of Ferrol, in Spain – and the results support the hypothesis that imbedded flexibility will robustly increase the net present value of the project.     

Bridging the gap between complex data and decision-makers: an example of an innovative interactive tool

Abstract

The increasing capacity of technological tools, as well as the advent of geographic information systems, has multiplied the ability to process large sets of microdata. At the same time, modeling concerns and the quest for a more in-depth understanding of individual behaviors is requiring more, and better, data. The gap between scientific modeling and informational tools for decision-making seems to be widening.

In the Greater Montreal area, large sets of microdata have been available for more than 30 years. Along with the development of modeling and planning tools, particular attention has been given to the continuous enlightening of planners and decision-makers with respect to the outcomes of the various surveys. This has led to the development of particular interactive tools, specifically addressed at local planners, which present the most significant information regarding travel and demography, for geopolitically relevant areas.

This paper presents the most recent interactive tool that has been developed for local planners in the Montreal area. It integrates information from both the most recent travel survey held in the region and the Canadian census. It offers both ease of use and relevant analytical means to assist in exploring the complex relations between spatial locations, demographic features, and activity-travel indicators.     

下穿引水隧洞对铁路隧道地震效应的影响研究

结合云南省盐津县白水江三级电站下穿内昆铁路手扒岩隧道的实际工程,采用LS-DYNA显式动力分析程序对既有铁路隧道地震效应受下穿引水隧洞的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明:在单个方向地震波作用时,震动速度、加速度响应的最大方向与加载方向一致;在3个方向地震波同时作用下,既有隧道最大响应发生在边墙处;新建下穿隧道建成后,相当于减震洞的形成,既有隧道结构上震动速度、加速度及主应力均有不同程度的减小,使既有隧道交叉段的地震响应得到改善。     

Configuration of an overnight package air network

The advent and growth of the overnight package industry has been one of the most dramatic changes in North American transportation over the last 10 years. This paper examines the impact of overnight restrictions and time zones on the configuration of an air freight network. The location of a hub terminal impacts the arrival pattern of airplanes at the terminal. For locations to the east of center, arrivals are spread over a longer time span than for locations to the west of center. This allows shipments to be delivered within a short time window without as large investments in sorting equipment. The impact of overnight restrictions on multiple terminal networks is also examined.     

Estimation of an integrated driving behavior model

This paper presents the methodology and results of estimation of an integrated driving behavior model that attempts to integrate various driving decisions. The model explains lane changing and acceleration decisions jointly and so, captures inter-dependencies between these behaviors and represents drivers’ planning capabilities. It introduces new models that capture drivers’ choice of a target gap that they intend to use in order to change lanes, and acceleration models that capture drivers’ behavior to facilitate the completion of a desired lane change using the target gap.The parameters of all components of the model are estimated simultaneously with the maximum likelihood method and using detailed vehicle trajectory data collected in a freeway section in Arlington, Virginia. The estimation results are presented and discussed in detail.     

Towards an understanding of adaptive cruise control

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) provides assistance to the driver in the task of longitudinal control of their vehicle during motorway driving. The system controls the accelerator, engine powertrain and vehicle brakes to maintain a desired time-gap to the vehicle ahead. This research describes the results of a detailed microscopic simulation investigation into the potential impacts of ACC on motorway driving. In addition to simulation, real vehicle driving profiles, obtained from instrumented vehicle experiments in three European countries, have been used to compare real following behaviour with that of a simulated ACC equipped vehicle. This new approach has shown that following with an ACC system can provide considerable reductions in the variation of acceleration compared to manual driving. This indicates a potential comfort gain for the driver and environmental benefits. A number of critical situations in which ACC does not perform well have also been identified. The research also highlights the limitations of microscopic simulation in modelling the impacts of ACC because of the lack of understanding of the interaction between the driver and the ACC system relative to the traffic conditions.     

沉管隧道地震响应分析

文章采用田村重四郎和冈本舜三提出的沉埋隧道地震响应分析的数学模型,对南京长江越江隧道(沉管段)方案进行了地震响应的纵向受力分析。分析中采用了隧址处100年超越概率为2%的人工合成地震加速度,考虑了不同管段的联结方式和不同的计算参数,对初步设计中沉管段结构的安全性进行了论证,所提供的数据曾为设计单位所采纳[1]。