长江口深水航道治理工程对潮汐特性的影响

近年来,因长江口上游径流、外海潮汐和河口海洋环境的剧烈变化以及长江口水域河口及海岸工程的大量兴建,特别是规模宏大的长江口深水航道治理工程的建设,可能会导致河口潮汐产生变化。对长江口深水航道工程建设前后长时间序列的11个潮位站潮位资料进行分析,得出长江口近期潮汐特性的变化特征：口外潮汐特性主要受外海潮汐总体变化影响,口内潮汐特性受北槽深水航道治理工程及周边涉水工程建设的影响。     

长江河口段平均海面数值模拟研究

为更好研究长江河口段平均海面的特性,建立了大通至长江口感潮河段的二维水动力数学模型,通过模拟径流与潮汐共同作用下的水动力过程,并设置上下游不同条件的对照组,分析了河口段平均海面的影响因子及响应规律。结果表明,长江河口段年平均海面A0值由上游径流和外海潮波共同作用产生,外海潮波给予了河道内平均水位一个沿程定值,而径流使得其产生了沿程衰减的趋势,这是河口段A0特征不同于外海的原因,也说明径流是其主要影响因子。A0只受径流和外海潮位的年平均值影响,而不受两者的年内变化影响。径流量的变化会导致上游A0值比下游发生更加显著的响应;外海A0值的变化会使沿程发生大致等量的变幅。未来全球海平面上升后,河口段A0也将上升相近幅度。     

潮汐河口长航道乘潮问题研究

针对潮汐河口长航道乘潮计算的潮位资料代表性问题,提出了潮汐河口乘潮水位的多站联合计算法.该方法利用多站同步潮位资料,综合考虑船舶通航方式与潮波传播速度等因素,可合理计算潮汐河口乘潮水位.长江口深水航道的有关计算表明,相同乘潮历时和累积频率对应的乘潮水位,进河口大于沿程单站的乘潮水位,且明显大于出河口.潮汐河口长航道设计,应根据当地河口的潮汐性质、强度及其与径流的对比,以及船舶航行的特点包括航速、进出港载货情况和航道沿程水深,确定合理的乘潮方式,即选择合适的航道乘潮长度.     

潮汐河口长航道乘潮问题研究

针对潮汐河口长航道乘潮计算的潮位资料代表性问题,提出了潮汐河口乘潮水位的多站联合计算法。该方法利用多站同步潮位资料,综合考虑船舶通航方式与潮波传播速度等因素,可合理计算潮汐河口乘潮水位。长江口深水航道的有关计算表明,相同乘潮历时和累积频率对应的乘潮水位,进河口大于沿程单站的乘潮水位,且明显大于出河口。潮汐河口长航道设计,应根据当地河口的潮汐性质、强度及其与径流的对比,以及船舶航行的特点包括航速、进出港载货情况和航道沿程水深,确定合理的乘潮方式,即选择合适的航道乘潮长度。     

长江下游典型代表性潮型选择研究初探

通过建立大通至长江口一维水沙数学模型,在实测资料验证的基础上计算得出沿程各站逐时潮位。利用计算得出的逐时潮位资料,研究了江阴、徐六泾和六效的高潮位以及日平均潮位与上游大通径流量的相关关系,分析上游径流与近河口河段潮位影响趋势。通过一维水沙数学模型结合不同潮差累积频率的代表性潮型作为下游控制条件计算,在比较河段实测冲淤量与计算冲淤量的基础上,分析不同潮差累积频率的代表性潮型适应性。     

长江口Sa分潮数值模拟研究

为更好研究长江口Sa分潮的特性,建立了大通至长江口感潮河段的二维水动力数学模型,通过模拟径流与潮汐共同作用下的水动力过程,并设置上下游不同条件的对照组,分析了河口段Sa分潮的影响因子及响应规律。结果表明,长江河口段Sa分潮由上游径流变化和外海Sa潮波共同作用产生,径流对上游站点影响占优、外海潮波对下游影响占优。径流使得河道内分潮振幅产生了沿程衰减的趋势,这是河口的Sa分潮特征不同于外海的原因,也说明径流是其主要的影响因子;而外海的Sa潮波只给予了其一个沿程定值。Sa分潮振幅只受径流的年内变化大小和外海Sa潮波振幅大小影响,不受平均径流量和平均海面的影响。径流量的变化会导致沿程Sa分潮振幅发生响应变化,且上游比下游站点响应更敏感;外海Sa潮波振幅的变化会使沿程振幅发生大致等量的变幅。三峡建成后河口段Sa分潮振幅有所减小,年际变化减小。     

粤西(茂名站)水文气象要素观测分析Ⅰ

本文使用自动气象观测站和自记式潮位仪等仪器,对茂名站及其附近海域的水文气象要素进行了观测分析。通过对观测资料的分析发现,茂名地区气候较为温暖,温差相对较小;全年风向以ESE为主,秋季主风向平均风速较大,冬季主风向平均风速较小。气压的季节变化呈为冬高夏低。潮汐为不规则半日潮,在多数情况下每个潮汐日(大约24.8h),有两次高潮和两次低潮,但有显著的日潮不等现象,涨潮历时大于落潮历时。观测期间共观测到两例台风影响本站,茂名是受台风影响较大的地区之一。     

船舶乘潮过浅模拟研究

为充分、合理地利用长江口自然潮位乘潮通航的潜力,为加强该水域航运的安全和计划管理,本文就其乘潮航道通过能力的模拟计算作一探讨.作者首先简略地介绍了长江口南水道的航道水文,然后以高低潮位法和调和常数法进行通航时间的模拟计算和多浅段共通乘潮时间的求解,最后根据1986年的潮汐实测资料,采用高低潮位法计算由长江口进口到鸭窝沙航段上端的每潮可通过量,并汇编列表.本研究对其他河口港的乘湖过浅也有一定的参考价值.     

海平面上升对长江口涨落潮历时差的影响

针对近年来全球变暖,海平面上升影响河口地区水文特性的问题,对海平面上升对长江口涨落潮历时差的影响进行研究。采用二维潮流数学模型的方法,模拟在长江口上游大通的洪枯季及年平均径流量条件下,海平面上升100 cm对涨落潮历时的影响。结果表明:海平面上升减小了长江口北支上半段、南支和南北港等中上游区域的涨落潮历时差,对靠近外海的北支末段和南北槽的涨落潮历时差影响很小。海平面上升加大了河口地区的涨潮动力,使长江口的涨落潮历时差有所减小,由此对长江口地区的盐水入侵和泥沙输运带来的影响必须引起重视。     

气候变化对上海防汛工程设计指标的影响研究

对近些年上海市气候变化特征、防汛工程设计指标响应气候变化情况进行分析研究,在此基础上,考虑未来气候变化下城市防汛工程设计指标的变化趋势。结果表明:上海地区不同强度暴雨频数呈增加趋势,沿海区域海平面以3.3mm/a的平均速率增长;近些年黄浦江各潮位站点100年一遇设计高潮位上升约30~50cm,长江口各潮位站点200年一遇设计高潮位上升约31cm,城市排水1h设计暴雨强度也呈增大趋势;未来24h面暴雨量的增加、海平面上升以及暴雨强度的增大,将不断提高水利片面除涝最高设计水位、沿江沿海潮位站不同频率的设计高潮位以及城市排水管网的设计流量。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

某海港码头的撞损修复

依据码头撞击受损区域调查检测结果,对受损构件提出合理的修复方案,为码头的安全运行提供保障。