Theoretical analysis of Er<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-doped telluride glass fiber amplifier for 2.700 μm laser amplification

The rate equations and power evolution equations of erbium-doped telluride glass fiber amplifier for both 1.530 and 2.700 μm lasers are solved numerically, the dependences of gain spectra on fiber length, dopant concentration and pump power are analyzed, and the gain of 2.700 μm laser is calculated and compared with the experimental result from reference. The numerical analysis shows that with 8 × 10²⁴ ion/m³ erbium ion concentration, 5m fiber length and 600mW pump power, the gains at 1.530 and 2.700 μm may achieve 23dB or so. With larger power pump and higher dopant concentration, a net gain of 17 dB is obtained from the Er³⁺-doped telluride glass fiber amplifier for 110mW input signal. This fiber amplifier is promising for both 1.530 μm signal amplification and 2.700 μm laser amplification.     

Gain and emission spectrum characteristics of 465nm laser diode pumped Tm<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-doped telluride glass fibers

Gain and emission spectrum characteristics of Tm³⁺-doped telluride glass fibers pumped with 465 nm lasers are analyzed. The rate and power propagation equation groups of the fibers are solved numerically and the effects of the fiber parameters including active ion concentration, length and pump power on the gain spectra and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectra are analyzed. The results show that with a pump parameter of 465 nm/200mW, a doping concentration of 2.5×10²⁵ ion/m³ and a fiber length of 16m, the gain and ASE spectra can cover from 1.100 to 1.900 μm, and the gain and ASE power peaks can reach 52 dB and 8mW, respectively.     

Modeling Nd<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-Yb<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-Tm<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-Er<Superscript>3+</Superscript> Codoped Telluride Glass Fiber for 0.4 to 2.0 μm Emission Spectra

The modeling of rare-earth-doped fiber amplifier is accomplished by utilizing the rate and propagation equations of distinct levels for a laser medium. A complex theoretical model for neodymium (Nd³⁺), erbium (Er³⁺), thulium (Tm³⁺) and ytterbium (Yb³⁺) codoped telluride glass fiber covering 0.4—2.0 μm emission spectra is presented. The emission spectra of Nd³⁺-Er³⁺-Tm³⁺-Yb³⁺ codoped telluride fiber are realized with the excitation of both 808 and 980 nm lasers pumped at 500mW. Numerical methods are used to calculate the emission spectra covering 0.4—2.0 μm. With the Nd³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ion concentrations fixed at 2 × 10²⁰ ion/m³, the Er³⁺ ion concentration optimized to 8 × 1020 ion/m3 and the fiber length spanning from 0.5 to 2 m, a peak amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) power of 19.8mW is attainable, and a minimum ASE power of 7.96mW can also be achieved. The analytical techniques and results indicate that when a telluride codoped fiber with suitable ion concentrations of Nd³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ is excited by both 980 and 808 nm pump lasers, 0.4—2.0 μm emission spectra are attainable for vast optical applications.     

光脉冲在LOA-XGM中传输的特性

为了验证线性光放大器的性能，建立了光脉冲在LOA中传输的理论模型，分析了放大器处于增益饱和状态下交叉增益调制效应对传输脉冲的影响、脉冲在LOA中传输的特性，以及不同脉宽对于增益、载流子密度和寿命的影响．结果表明：在相同的信号脉冲峰值增益下，增大抽运光功率或减小探测光功率均使输出脉冲峰值减小；当抽运光功率小于（大于）0．5mW时，输出脉冲上升时间随探测光功率的增加而增加（减小）；随着输入脉冲波长增加，输出脉冲上升时间变长，峰值功率变小；输入脉冲越宽，对载流子密度及其寿命和增益的影响越小．     

Gain Characteristics of Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier

The theory model of fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) was introduced, which is based on optical nonlinear effect. And then numerical simulation was done to analyze and discuss the gain spectral characteristics of one-pump and two-pump FOPA. The results show that for one-pump FOPA, when pump wavelength is near to fiber zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW), the gain flatness is better, and with the increase of the pump power,fiber length and its nonlinear coefficient, the gain value will increase while the gain bandwidth will become narrow.For two pump FOPA, when the pump central wavelength is near to fiber ZDW, the gain flatness is better. Moreover, by decreasing the space of two pumps wavelength, the gain flatness can be improved. Finally, some problems existing in FOPA were addressed.     

用于无线通信系统的信号强度检测电路设计

为了解决传统的信号检测电路准确度不高,对温度和工艺变化抵抗能力不够的问题,建立了信号强度检测电路的系统模型.推导得到限幅放大器增益与信号强度检测单元误差的关系以及降低信号强度检测单元误差的方法.通过分析,得到在提高准确度的前提下减小限幅放大器增益随温度和工艺变化的方法.基于以上分析,引入增益加强结构,以提高限幅放大器增益的准确性和抵抗温度及工艺变化的能力.采用0.18 μm体硅(CMOS)工艺,1.8 V供电电源,面积为500 μm×200 μm的电路进行测试,结果表明:测试温度从-40 ℃变化到85 ℃时,该信号强度检测电路都可以提供55 dB的动态范围和大于55 MHz的带宽,其检测误差小于1.5 dB,电路功耗为1.89 mW,检测精度高达1.5 dB.      

DC gain analysis of scaled CMOS op amp in Sub-100 nm technology nodes: A research based on channel length modulation effect

Metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) intrinsic gain degradation caused by channel length modulation (CLM) effect is examined. A simplified model based on Berkeley short-channel insulator-gate field effect transistor model version 4 (BSIM4) current expression for sub-100 nm MOSFET intrinsic gain is deduced, which only needs a few technology parameters. With this transistor intrinsic gain model, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) operational amplifier (op amp) DC gain could be predicted. A two-stage folded cascode op amp is used as an example in this work. Non-minimum length device is used to improve the op amp DC gain. An improvement of 20 dB is proved when using doubled channel length design. Optimizing transistor bias condition and using advanced technology with thinner gate dielectric thickness and shallower source/drain junction depth can also increase the op amp DC gain. After these, a full op amp DC gain scaling roadmap is proposed, from 130 nm technology node to 32 nm technology node. Five scaled op amps are built and their DC gains in simulation roll down from 69.6 to 41.1 dB. Simulation shows transistors biased at higher source-drain voltage will have more impact on the op amp DC gain scaling over technology. The prediction based on our simplified gain model agrees with SPICE simulation results.     

过模同轴-2路矩形波导功分器的设计与实验

为了在高功率微波系统中实现过模同轴波导到2路矩形波导的高效率模式转换,研究了一种过模同轴-2路矩形波导功分器.该功分器将径向线作为同轴波导到矩形波导的模式转换过渡结构,先将过模同轴波导TEM模分为4路矩形波导TE₁₀模,再将4路矩形波导合成为2路,有效抑制了过模波导中高阶模式的产生,实现了较高功率容量和传输效率.设计和实验结果表明:该功分器在中心频率2.88 GHz下驻波系数为1.04,传输损耗为0.15 dB,输出不平衡度为0.15 dB,设计功率容量为4.52 GW,满足高功率应用需求.      

面向GPS、北斗和TD-LTE-A的多模可重构低噪声放大器设计

基于SMIC 0.18 μm工艺设计了一个面向GPS、北斗和TD-LTE-A的多模可重构低噪声放大器（LNA）,该电路可工作在2.6 GHz、1.575 GHz和1.207 GHz 3个波段.仿真结果表明,在3个频段内增益S21最大,分别能达到19.1 dB、19.5 dB和20.7 dB,噪声系数NF分别为4.5dB、3.5dB和3.1dB,三阶输入交调失真分别为-8.2 dBm、-8.7 dBm和-9.6 dBm.在1.8V的供电电压下,电路功耗不超过15 mW,在上述3个频段内稳定性均满足要求.     

高功率16路功分器的设计

为满足高功率微波辐射天线对其馈电系统的要求,针对现有高功率多路功分器的不足,研制了一种新 型的高功率16路功分器.该功分器由同轴波导-4路矩形波导、H-T分支和波导同轴转换3个元件构成,其16路 输出具有等幅同相的功率分配特性.设计了中心频率为2.85GHz的功分器,并对其进行了数值计算和试验研 究.试验结果表明:该功分器在中心频率2.85GHz下,传输损耗约0.4dB,驻波系数为1.3,输出功率不平衡度约 暲0.7dB,相位不平衡度约5;在2.78 ~ 2.92GHz的频率范围内(中心频率的5%带宽),传输损耗小于 0.6dB,驻波系数小于1.5.分析结果还表明,该功分器的功率容量瓶颈在输入同轴波导处,与内部其他结构无 关,因而可实现对高功率微波源输出功率的分配.      

一种极低功耗运算放大器的设计与仿真

为了满足低电压低功耗的应用需求,本文利用MOSFET在亚阈区的超低功耗特性,实现了一种带共模反馈的亚阈运算放大器.该亚阈运算放大器结构简单,采用TSMC 0.18μm工艺实现,且工作于1.2 V电源电压下.通过Synopsys Hspice仿真,结果表明,该电路在输出负载为0.5pF时直流增益为70.97 dB、单位增益带宽6.346 MHz、相位裕度85.76°、正负压摆率分别为3.58V/μs和-3.58 V/μs,功耗仅为4.80μW.     

Super-capacitive performances of nickel foam supported CeO2 nanoparticles

This paper designs and fabricates CeO₂ nanoparticles on a large scale by hydrolysis and oxidation of cerium carbide. The electrochemical supercapacitor behavior of CeO₂ nanoparticles was investigated. The nickel foam (NF) supported CeO₂ nanoparticles show a high areal capacitance of 119 mF/cm², demonstrating a strong synergistic effect between NF and CeO₂ nanoparticles. The high capacitance of the CeO₂/NF nanoparticles is possibly due to an improved conductivity by NF and a better utilization of CeO₂ nanoparticles.     

A Practical Adaptive TuCM Scheme for Rayleigh Flat Fading Channels

IntroductionAs stated in Ref.[1 ],if the channel state isknown atthe transmitter,then channel capacity isachieved by adapting the transmit power,data rateand coding scheme relative to this fade state.Based on those results,an uncoded adaptive modu-lation was proposed[2 ] .This adaptive modulation is1 7d B more power efficientthan non- adaptive mod-ulation in fading.Combining trellis coded modula-tion ( TCM) with adaptive modulation,an adaptivecoded modulation was studied[3 ] .The results sh…     

主动磁悬浮轴承在余热发电机的应用研究

针对传统余热发电设备存在发电效率低、成本高、体积大等问题,设计了一款装备5自由度（5-DOF）主动磁悬浮轴承的余热发电机,用于余热发电有机朗肯循环系统. 首先,基于电机转子轴径限制和最大承载力要求,确定径向磁悬浮轴承和轴向磁悬浮轴承的结构形式,采用一维磁路模型和二维有限元分析,计算并校核磁悬浮轴承的尺寸和性能参数;其次,为保证磁悬浮轴承的稳定裕度,采用三电平PWM功率放大器降低输出电流纹波,利用不完全微分PID控制器和不平衡补偿算法实现5自由度稳定悬浮;最后,将该磁悬浮余热发电机应用到实际客户现场,从稳定裕度、承载力和轴振峰峰值3个维度验证磁悬浮余热发电机的可靠性. 现场试验结果表明:磁悬浮余热发电机系统运行稳定可靠,实现了满功率发电和长期运行考核;在全工况运行范围,磁悬浮轴承系统的灵敏度函数小于12 dB,余热发电机转子振动峰峰值小于53 μm,满足ISO14839-3规定的长期稳定运行要求;轴向承载力最大达到3 600 N,满足实际工况需求.      

S形矩形波导的弯曲损耗计算

通过改进的有效折射率法求解S形矩形波导的弯曲损耗,并在此基础上给出了波导的弯曲损耗系数与波导的横截面的宽度与高度的对应关系,并且对幂函数、正弦、余弦3种函数的S形弯曲波导的损耗进行了对比研究.结果表明,当波导尺寸相同时,余弦函数的S形波导的损耗比正弦、幂函数都小;当波导长度L增大到500μm时,余弦函数的弯曲损耗减小到接近0,所以在S形弯曲波导的路径设计中应选择余弦形函数.这对集成光学中光路的设计有一定的指导意义.     

Effect of Cu Co-doping on the magnetism of Zn0.95Co0.05O films

Zn_0.95?x Co_0.05Cu _x O (atomic ratio, x = 0?C8%) thin films are fabricated on Si(111) substrate by reactive magnetron sputtering method. Detailed characterizations indicate that the doped Cu ions substitute the Zn²⁺ ions in ZnO lattice. The doped Cu ions are in +1 and +2 mixture valent state. The ferromagnetism of the Zn_0.95?x Co_0.05Cu _x O film increases gradually with the increase of the Cu⁺ ion concentration till x = 6%, but decreases for higher Cu concentration. Experimental results indicate that the increase of ferromagnetism is not owing to the magnetic contribution of Cu⁺ ions themselves, but owing to the enhancement of magnetic interaction between Co²⁺ ions, which suggests that p-type doping of Cu⁺ ions plays an important role in mediating the ferromagnetic coupling between Co ions.     

考虑损耗时拉曼放大泵浦光的偏振效应

利用高非线性和较大吸收损耗的光子晶体光纤制作光纤拉曼放大器,是当前的一种趋势,这导致泵浦光非线性旋转效应明显增强．本文在考虑吸收损耗条件下,研究了泵浦光的非线性旋转问题,首次得出了连续光条件下的解析解．结果表明,输入线偏振光与圆偏振光都不会产生非线性旋转,只有椭圆偏振光才有非线性旋转．旋转是绕着邦加球的纬线进行,s3保持不变．随着吸收损耗的增加,有效长度变小,相对的旋转速度变慢．这表明,如果光纤对于泵浦光的吸收越强,越有利于拉曼放大．     

Research on reduction of Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> by biomass sawdust

The research on biomass reduction of Fe₂O₃ was carried out by using sawdust as reductant. The direct reducing agents in the biomass magnetization process were determined by comparing various biomass pyrolysis products with the reduction degree (divalent iron content in total iron), reduction temperature range and valence change of Fe₂O₃ in the reduction process. The microstructure variation of Fe₂O₃ at different stages was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was applied to explore the thermal reduction process. The results show that the direct reducing substances in the biomass reaction with Fe₂O₃ are H₂ and bio-oil, and the reduction process can be divided into two steps: biomass pyrolyzing to release H₂ and bio-oil, and reductive volatiles reacting with Fe₂O₃. The two steps are relatively independent. The kinetic of the reduction reaction follows a first-order reaction kinetic model, with 88.99 kJ/mol activation energy and 9.55 × 10⁸ min^?1 frequency factor.     

Coupled heat and mass transfer analysis of NH<Subscript>3</Subscript>-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O falling film absorption on inner tube surface with low solution flow rates

NH₃-H₂O falling film absorption usually takes place with low solution flow rate in real absorption refrigeration system. An experimental study of inner vertical absorption is carried out for the consideration of air-cooling absorber. Variable working conditions are tested to evaluate the heat and mass transfer performances.The traditional evaluation method based on log-mean-temperature（concentration） difference is criticized for its lack of theoretical basis while simultaneous heat and mass transfer process occurs. A new method proposed by Kim and Infante Ferreira is modified to evaluate the experimental results with reasonable assumptions. The method is based on the derivation of coupled heat and mass transfer differential equations of NH₃-H₂O absorption process.The analysis of the same experimental data shows that the new method realizes better consistency with smaller error, especially in heat transfer aspect. Heat and mass transfer performance is enhanced with the increase of solution Reynolds number. Sub-cooling of inlet weak solution also has positive influence on the absorption process,which should be evaluated by the new method correctly. Two correlations are developed to evaluate both Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for the design of air-cooling absorber.     

X波段4单元矩形径向线馈电螺旋阵的设计

为探索高功率高增益天线的实现途径,提出并设计了一种矩形径向线馈电螺旋阵.阐述了矩形径向线馈电螺旋阵的工作原理,对辐射单元、耦合探针和馈电系统进行了详细设计,进而得到一个X波段4单元阵列天线模型.对该模型进行的数值模拟结果表明,在8.5~10.3 GHz的频带范围内,天线反射系数小于0.1,增益大于12 dB,轴向轴比值小于1.9.