基于有限元法的5000t油船结构强度计算

采用有限元软件MSC.PATRAN/NASTRAN,对5 000 t油船建立局部结构计算,分析有限元模型,进行满载工况下的强度计算及结果分析,计算结果表明各构件强度满足结构强度要求.本船结构强度能够满足CCS规范要求,计算结果符合实际情况,说明采用有限元法的准确性及实用性,能有效地为相关的船舶设计提供参考.     

某纸浆船尿素储存柜结构设计及有限元分析

尿素储存柜是船舶SCR系统的重要组成部分,本文对某纸浆船的尿素储存柜结构设计进行了介绍,并采用有限元方法对柜体结构强度进行校核,最终得到满足设计要求的尿素储存柜结构。     

Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

基于NASTRAN的船舶振动特性及整体强度分析

文章以某船舶为对象,采用有限元方法,通过建立三维有限元模型、施加工况载荷和边界条件,进行了有限元模态振型分析、线性静力分析、频率响应分析,并探讨了船舶在设计过程中的振动特性及整体强度校核方面的问题,为船舶生产设计提供了参考。     

船舶开口结构应力无网格分析技术研究

文章提出了船舶结构开口处应力分析的无网格分析技术.将船体结构通过简化为板格结构,再将结构离散为独立的离散点,由移动最小二乘法建立离散点的位移场,然后在整个系统内建立起系统控制方程.本文提出的方法由于不涉及到网格划分,避免了有限元法在结构应力高梯度区域分析计算时出现的精度降低等问题.文章最后通过实例计算,并与有限元方法计算的结构进行了比较,得出了本文提出方法的有效性和准确性.     

波形腹板钢箱-混凝土箱梁桥的有限元模型修正

为了缩小波形钢腹钢箱-混凝土组合箱梁桥有限元值与实测值之间的偏差，提出了采用响应面法和Fmincon算法相结合的桥梁有限元模型修正方法. 以甘肃景中机场连接线的一座波形钢腹钢箱-混凝土组合箱梁桥为研究对象，首先对其进行静、动载试验，获得其弯曲振动频率、挠度及应变的实测值；其次分别采用实体和板壳模式的有限元建模获得该桥相应的弯曲振动频率、挠度及应变的计算值，通过与实测值对比分析后，选取较为精确的实体模式有限元模型作为修正的初始有限元模型；随后在合理选择设计参数的基础上，通过中心复合试验设计得到相应的结构响应，采用最小二乘法拟合得到结构响应和设计参数之间的二次多项式回归方程，并构造目标响应与相应响应实测值差值的目标函数；最后运用Fmincon算法对目标函数进行迭代计算，获得参数修正值及该桥的基准有限元模型. 研究结果表明:采用响应面法和Fmincon算法相结合的方法对波形钢腹钢箱-混凝土组合箱梁桥的有限元模型进行修正切实可行，具有修正过程简单、计算收敛速度快等特点，计算时间在0.25～0.75 s内，一阶弯曲振动频率相对误差由4.85%依据不同响应组合修正到1.62%～2.91%不等；通过对遗传算法和Fmincon算法的比较发现，Fmincon算法显著提高了模型修正效率，可为实际工程中该类桥梁的有限元建模分析及力学性能分析提供参考.      

地下建筑结构三维抗震简化计算方法研究

本文在理论分析的基础上,提出了地下建筑结构的三维抗震简化计算方法,研究了将地下结构平面模型的地震荷载和弹簧约束扩展应用于地下结构空间模型的具体实施方法,并建议了三维简化计算方法中法向和切向地基弹簧系数的数值计算方法。与三维有限元时程分析结果进行对比,验证了该方法的可靠性和适用性。三维抗震简化计算方法的提出,可以解决当空间地下建筑结构不能满足平面应变的假定条件时必须采用三维有限元时程分析进行抗震设计的问题。     

轻型汽车球笼式万向节设计

球笼式万向节作为轻型汽车中重要的传动部件,其设计合理与否将影响车辆的动力性和整车结构布置。本文结合所开发的某轻型汽车的传动系统结构,根据某轻型汽车传动系的结构布置,确定了等速万向节的结构参数与受力特点,应用Pro/E建立万向节关键结构的三维模型,利用有限元分析软件进行分析,验证设计结果准确合理。     

基于全站仪对边测量功能的公路横断面测量方法

针对传统道路横断面测量方法劳动强度大、作业效率低、测量精度低的缺点,采用全站仪坐标放样和对边测量功能,进行高效、灵活、高精度的道路横断面测量是现代测绘技术工程应用的新方法;结合道路工程横断面测量新方法的实施和测量数据精度分析,验证道路横断面测量新方法的效能与精度,为对边测量技术横断面测量方法的推广应用提供依据。     

Research on the Lightweight Design of Body-Side Structure Based on Crashworthiness Requirements

Crashworthiness is the most significant variable during lightweight design of vehicle structures.However,crashworthiness studies using the single substructure-based method are limited due to the negligence of interactions among substructures.Thus,a whole structure-based study was conducted for the lightweight design of a body-side structure.In this study,a full finite element model was firstly created and then modified into a simplified model for structural improvements,where the major load-carrying subassemblies were improved from the perspectives of crashworthiness and manufacturing costs.Finally,sensitivity analyses were conducted to further optimize the strength distribution,based on which an adaptive response surface method was employed for thickness optimization of the structure.It is found that through the structural improvements and optimizations,the weight of the structure was significantly reduced even when its crashworthiness was improved.This indicates that the whole structure-based method is effective for lightweight design of vehicle structures.     

Stiffness matrix derivation of space beam element at elevated temperature

Element stiffness equation is very important in structural analysis, and directly influences the accuracy of the results. At present, derivation method of element stiffness equation is relatively mature under ambient temperature, and the elastic phrase of material stress-strain curve is generally adopted as physical equation in derivation. However, the material stress-strain relationship is very complicated at elevated temperature, and its form is not unique, which brings great difficulty to the derivation of element stiffness equation. Referring to the derivation method of element stiffness equation at ambient temperature, by using the continuous function of stress-strain-temperature at elevated temperature, and based on the principle of virtual work, the stiffness equation of space beam element and the formulas of stiffness matrix are derived in this paper, which provide basis for finite element analysis on structures at elevated temperature.     

江津中渡长江大桥船桥碰撞力的计算和分析

结合拟建江津中渡长江大桥桥墩船撞力计算,对船舶撞击速度、角度的选取及影响进行了探讨;分别运用国内外现行的规范公式、经验公式及有限元模拟方法,对3 000 t、5 000 t级船舶撞击桥墩的碰撞力进行了计算对比。结果表明:我国现行公路和铁路规范公式计算结果偏小,美国AASHTO规范公式、修正沃辛公式与有限元计算结果基本一致。     

扩张室压力脉动衰减器声传播的有效性

为了研究平面波截止频带内，进、出口偏置型扩张室压力脉动衰减器结构参数对其一维解析法计算精度的影响，基于面积突变处高阶模态的耗散效应，对两类偏置型扩张室一维解析法的有效性进行了分析. 首先，截止频率范围内双调谐内插管扩张室一维解析法的计算结果与实验测量结果吻合良好，证明了该方法应用于液压脉动衰减器是可行的；其次，将广泛应用于气体消声系统的两类进、出口偏置型扩张室结构（结构1和结构2）引入液压系统，制成相应的压力脉动衰减器，并利用一维解析法和三维有限元法分别得到其理论计算值；最后，以扩张室腔室内部存在局部非平面波效应为背景，研究了内插管插入深度、偏心距以及偏转角对一维解析法有效性的影响. 研究结果表明:结构1、2偏心距为40 mm、偏转角180°时，进、出口内插管插入深度对5000 Hz频带内（截止频率5469 Hz）高频区域的传递损失影响较大；而当结构1、2的内插管插入深度选定时，偏心距以及偏转角对0～4000 Hz一维解析法计算精度的影响可忽略不计，而在4000～5000 Hz研究频带内，这种影响则不可忽略.      

船与刚性桥墩的碰撞性能分析

运用非线性有限元基本理论，采用国际上广泛使用的大型结构分析程序LS—DYNA，建立了船舶、刚性桥墩的三维有限元计算模型．分析了碰撞力的大小、船首及构件的损伤和吸能特性，并与经验公式计算结果进行了比较，得出了有关船撞力大小和分布规律的结论．     

A Simplified Approach to Analysis of High—Rise Frame Tube Structures

Based on finite element method and finite strip method, a simplified approach was presented to analyze high-rise frame tube structures. The generalized strip element is introduced and then the generalized stiffness matrices for beam and column-line are derived by using the displacement functions that describe the nodal displace-ments and displacement transforms. Furthermore, the formulas for the generalized stiffness matrix of generalized strip element and load arrays corresponding to the displacement parameters were developed. It is shown through a series of numerical computation that the nodal angular displacements at the same floor in a generalized strip element are approximately identical. A comparison of the finite element method and the finite strip method shows that the simolified approach not only is accurate, but also reduces the number of basic unknown quantities.     

基于CG随机有限元的结构优化设计

在设定材料性能特性、几何尺寸、所受载荷为随机变量的情况下,CG随机有限元被用于结构振动分析。提出了基于随机有限元的结构振动优化设计方法。给出了一个计算实例,对计算结果做了比较,结果表明:本文提出的方法是有效的。     

升流式厌氧污泥床反应器结构优化模型及其应用

根据升流式厌氧污泥床（ＵＡＳＢ）反应器的简化流型,建立了其结构优化模型,通过求解并分析,得到如下结构：（１）在反应器结构设计中,为了提高容积效率,应着力于反应器布水装置和三相分离器的技术开发;（２）由于常规ＵＡＢＳ反应器在提高水力负荷上难有突破,故应开发ＵＡＳＢ反应器与其它工艺结构的组合形式。     

基于模态试验的白车身动力学模型修正

建立符合实际装配结构的有限元模型是结构动态优化设计的关键。本文以某一客车的白车身为试验对象,通过白车身模态试验,并作为依据修正有限元模型,使有限元分析结果与试验测试结果相符,获得了能够反映实际车身结构动力学特性的有限元模型,为后继车身的结构优化设计打下基础。     

高速铁路模型箱梁静力非线性和动力损伤关系研究

桥梁结构在荷载作用下的静力非线性与结构动力特性之间的关系是结构损伤识别领域的重要问题。基于高速铁路模型箱梁的重复荷载试验,采用平面非线性有限元分析方法对静力非线性和动力损伤之间的关系进行了研究。通过定义混凝土等效应力－等效塑性应变曲线来定义其弹塑性行为。对数值模型加载到各级荷载后卸载进行动力特性分析,即卸载后计算自振频率和振型。计算结果表明：采用平面非线性有限元分析方法可以比较准确地对箱梁模型进行非线性分析,除了初始模型刚度存在一定误差外,结构的骨架曲线的特征值、加卸载刚度和残余位移吻合较好。在进行非线性分析后进行动力特性是分析可行。竖向频率值的变化能够反映静力非线性发生后结构的损伤出现和损伤的发展规律,这为结构动力损伤识别提供了有效的途径。     

Development of 2D hybrid equilibrium elements in large increment method

As a force-based finite element method (FEM), large increment method (LIM) has been developed in recent years. It has been shown that LIM provided prominent advantage of parallel computation with high efficiency and low time consumption for member structural system. To fully utilize its advantage in parallel computation, it is the time to extend LIM to 2D and 3D continua analysis. In this paper, a 2D finite element library with the capability of modeling arbitrary configurations is developed. Some illustrative numerical examples are solved by using the proposed library; the obtained results are compared with those obtained from both traditional displacement-based FEM and analytical solutions, which has clearly shown the advantages of LIM.