Design and Parametric Investigation of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

This research focuses on design and calculations for the horizontal axis wind turbine to fulfill energy demands at small scales in Pakistan. This is the design to produce about 5 kilowatts of electricity to share the load of average home appliances. Area chosen for this research is Pasni, Balochistan in Pakistan to build the wind turbine for electricity. Design values are approximated by appropriate formulas of wind energy design. In current research, turbine blade profile is designed by blade element momentum (BEM) theory. Warlock wind turbine calculator is used to verify the design parameters like wind speed, tip speed ratio (TSR) and efficiency factor. Effects of wind speed, wind power, TSR, pitch angle, blade tip angle, number of blades, blade design and tower height on power coefficient are analyzed in this research. Maximum power coefficient is achieved at a designed velocity of 6m/s. Design analysis is also performed on simulation software ANSYS Fluent. It is observed that designed velocity parameter of this research is very suitable for the turbine blade, so blade designing is perfect according to wind speed range.     

涡轮叶片逆向建模与特征参数提取

为了在已有涡轮叶片实物基础上进行再创新设计,采用激光扫描仪对涡轮叶片进行数字化扫描,提出了在三维测量得到涡轮叶片点云数据的基础上,准确进行逆向建模、反求几何参数和提取气动特征参数的逆向设计方法.根据涡轮叶片的几何参数反求和提取气动特征参数要求,基于获取涡轮叶片的截面点云图,用五次多项式曲线拟合叶盆和叶背,并用圆弧逼近叶形前后缘.基于该方法,采用Matlab软件对涡轮截面线点云进行拟合,反求得到了叶身型线方程,拟合偏差控制在之内,能够获得准确的叶片截面型线和气动特征参数.      

基于Bezier曲线法对径流式涡轮机动叶的设计

根据叶轮初步设计公式,结合Bezier曲线构造方法依靠NUMECA软件Design3D模块以径流向心式涡轮机效率0.5为目标值,对叶轮子午面型线以及动叶型线进行设计。并通过NUMECA软件对所设计的叶片以及子午流面进行流体计算,得出了符合效率目标值的叶型和子午流面参数,以及子午流面的绝对温度和绝对压力的分布,提出了以径流向心式涡轮机效率为目标值,结合Bezier曲线构造法的叶片型线和子午流面型线的设计方法。     

Design of Wind Turbine Blade for Solar Chimney Power Plant

Aiming at the global efficiency of solar chimney power plant (SCPP), we design a wind turbine generation device to elevate its electricity generating efficiency. Based on wind power utilization theory, a new method is proposed to design a type of wind turbine blade for SCPP. The lift and resistance coefficients on different Reynolds numbers of NACA4418 airfoil, which is suitable for experimental solar electricity generation system, are determined by Profili-V2.0 airfoil design software, a program written in Matlab to calculate chord length of the airfoil. The optimization is conducted by class-shape-transformation (CST) parameterization method and Xfoil software. An airfoil design program is designed on the basis of blade element theory and attack angle with the highest lift coefficient to iteratively determine the inflow angle and setting angle. Prandtl’s tip-loss factor is applied to correct the setting angle, after the airfoil data are input into AutoCAD to build an airfoil model which is then imported into Solidworks to draw blades. A new way is put forward to design wind turbine blades in SCPP.     

竖轴固定偏角直叶片潮流水轮机自启动性能研究

竖轴固定偏角直叶片潮流水轮机的自启动能力较差。文章根据模型试验的观测分析,利用Fluent软件模拟计算在不同水流速度下叶片在圆周不同位置时的潮流水轮机自启动性能,并与加装叶柵附体的水轮机进行比较,得出加装叶柵附体可以提高水轮机的自启动性及水轮机的水动力性能。     

风力发电塔系统整体建模与模态分析研究

为了判断风力发电塔系统是否能避开共振,需对其进行模态分析。提出了考虑“桨叶-轮毂-机舱-塔筒”耦合的整体建模的方法,可用于风力发电塔系统模态的计算。分别进行了停机阶段、运行阶段和切出阶段的模态分析,对比其频率和固有振型。对比结果表明：三个阶段的频率基本相同,只须验算停机状态下的频率满足规范即可;塔筒的振动形式主要为侧向弯曲振动、前后弯曲振动和扭转振动;桨叶在前十阶的振动形式主要为挥舞振动和摆振,且三桨叶振动存在一定的规律;相对于停机阶段,运行阶段时振型基本相同,切出阶段时振型有较大差异。     

Flow stress model of stainless steel 0Cr13Ni5Mo at elevated temperature

For a more accurate forming calculation and numerical simulation of hydraulic turbine blade, experimental studies on the flow stress of stainless steel 0Cr13Ni5Mo were carried out upon Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator under different deformation conditions.The results then were analyzed and the effects of all influencing factors were summarized consequently.New mathematic models were conceived.Utilizing the software Matlab, regression coefficients were calculated by the least square method.The model has an eminent capability of curve-fitting performance with impact structure whose correlation coefficient is up to 0.9080 and the cosine coefficient is 0.9958.All mathematic models and process parameters can be used in engineering calculations or computer simulations.     

Flow Stress Model of Stainless Steel OCr13Ni5Mo at Elevated Temperature

For a more accurate forming calculation and numerical simulation of hydraulic turbine blade,experimental studies on the flow stress of stainless steel OCr13Ni5Mo were carried out upon Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator under different deformation conditions.The results then were analyzed and the effects of all influencing factors were summarized consequently.New mathematic models were conceived.Utilizing the software Matlab,regression coefficients were calculated by the least square method.The model has an eminent capability of curve-fitting performance with impact structure whose correlation coefficient is up to 0.908 0 and the cosine coefficient is 0.995 8.All mathematic models and process parameters can be used in engineering calculations or computer simulations.     

Research on Dynamic Response Characteristics of 6MW Spar-Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

A 6 MW spar-type floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT) model is put forward and a fully coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic time domain model is established in the fatigue,aerodynamics,structures and turbulence(FAST) code.Influence rules of wind load and wave load on the characteristics of 6 MW spar-type FOWT are investigated.Firstly,validation of the model is carried out and a satisfactory result is obtained.The maximal deviations of rotor thrust and power between simulation results and reference values are 4.54% and-2.74%,respectively.Then the characteristics,including rotor thrust,rotor power,out-of-plane blade deflection,tower base fore-aft bending moment,and mooring line tension,are researched.The results illustrate that the mean value of dynamic response characteristics is mainly controlled by the wind-induced action.For characteristics of tower base fore-aft bending moment and platform pitch motion,the oscillation is dominated by the wave-induced action during all conditions considered.For characteristics of out-of-plane blade tip deflection and mooring line tension,the oscillation is commanded by combination effect of wave and wind loads when the wind speed is lower than the rated wind speed(hereinafter referred to as below rated wind speed) and is controlled by the wave-induced action when the wind speed is higher than the rated wind speed(hereinafter referred to as above rated wind speed).As to the rotor thrust and power,the oscillation is dominated by the wind induced action at below rated wind speed and by the combination action of wind and wave loads at above rated wind speed.The results should be useful to the detailed design and model basin test of the 6 MW spar-type FOWT.     

航空发动机多级叶盘-轴系统扭转耦合振动特性

针对多级叶盘转子结构, 考虑多级叶片弯曲变形和轴扭转变形耦合作用, 引入叶片离心刚化作用, 建立了包含多叶片、2级叶盘和轴的耦合振动模型; 应用哈密顿原理推导了多级叶盘-轴耦合振动微分方程组, 通过数值积分方法得到了系统质量矩阵与刚度矩阵, 进而求解出系统耦合模态; 研究了叶盘固有频率、叶片长度、叶盘间距、叶片扭转角对振动特征的影响。研究结果表明: 2级叶盘-轴系耦合振动包含3类耦合模态, 各阶模态频率以叶盘固有频率为边界相互分离; 叶片长度小于1 m时, 耦合第1、2阶频率受轴半径的影响较大, 叶片长度超过1 m后, 耦合第1、2阶频率受叶片长度的影响较大; 在系统转速为2 000 rad·s-1时, 在不同叶盘间距下, 耦合的3阶模态频率变化幅度分别降低5、3、7 Hz; 转速-频率曲线存在明显的频率转向特征, 叶片扭转角增加60°, 转向区域提高500 rad·s-1; 2级叶盘系统会产生不同于单级叶盘的耦合模态, 短叶片与长叶片均会对耦合频率产生显著影响; 叶片扭转角与叶盘间距的变化会使耦合区域移动, 从而降低可能发生的危险共振。      

叶顶间隙对喷水推进水力性能的影响

分别以设计参数相同的混流式喷水推进泵与轴流式喷水推进泵为对象, 基于剪切应力运输湍流模型、隐式多网格耦合算法与全结构化网格, 对4种不同叶顶间隙的水力性能进行数值模拟, 分析了叶顶间隙对喷水推进水力性能的影响, 研究了叶顶间隙影响程度与喷水推进器类型的关系。研究结果表明: 2种喷水推进泵的扬程、效率均随叶顶间隙增大而减小; 随着叶顶间隙的增大, 混流泵消耗功率先增大后减小, 当叶顶间隙为1.3mm时消耗功率最大, 而轴流泵消耗功率单调减小; 混流泵叶顶间隙变化引起的喷泵效率改变量不受流量影响, 而轴流泵效率变化量随流量增大而增大, 以较大叶顶间隙为基准, 且叶顶间隙变化量相同时, 混流泵效率变化较大, 轴流泵效率变化较小; 混流泵与轴流泵性能存在差异的主要原因是外形结构不同导致间隙涡对叶顶间隙泄流的作用大小不同; 当叶顶间隙由0.7mm增大至1.6mm时, 2种喷水推进器推力效率变化量在1%以内; 随着叶顶间隙的增大, 2种喷水推进器消耗功率的变化趋势与喷水推进泵相同, 且轴流式喷水推进器总推力、功率变化幅值大于混流式, 即混流式喷水推进器对叶顶间隙变化的适应性更好。      

薄壁叶片加工误差分析与预测

薄壁叶片在数控加工中容易变形,影响加工精度,提出了采用柔性变形迭代方法计算叶片铣削过程中的变形量．首先利用正交切削仿真试验确定球头铣刀的铣削力模型,并给出叶片数控加工刀触点计算方法,再将切削力加载到叶片的有限元网格节点上,采用柔性变形迭代方法计算出薄壁叶片的变形量．结果表明,所提出的方法能有效地预测薄壁零件的变形,为叶片加工误差补偿提供了依据．     

基于UGNX4．0的整体叶轮曲面造型

应用三次B样条曲线对图纸所给的叶片中性面上的轴盘曲线和盖盘曲线上的离散数据点进行插值，得到轴盘曲线和盖盘曲线，将曲线上的对应点相连得到直纹面形式的叶片中性面；根据图纸给出的叶片上不同点的厚度值，构造轴盘曲线和盖盘曲线的左右偏置曲线，进而得到直纹面形式的叶片曲面．最后将计算所得数据导入UGNX4．0软件，应用此软件对整体叶轮进行实体建模．     

非均匀流场中桨叶剖面设计方法

给出了非均匀流场中螺旋桨桨叶剖面的设计方法，提出了保持剖面空泡特征不变的等效运转曲线的思想，并创建了等效运转曲线的确定方法．基于等效运转曲线设计的桨叶剖面能有效地控制空泡范围和空泡类型，得到期望的空泡性能．剖面采用母型剖面方法来设计，进而可确定桨叶弦向环量分布，然后由升力面理论设计三维桨叶的几何形状．通过实例螺旋桨的设计，说明本方法是合理和有效的．     

ZGMn13钻削刀具断屑排屑实验研究

针对ZGMn13刀具钻削过程中断屑、排屑困难的问题,从刀片材料、刀片结构、刀片与刀杆连接方式三个方面进行了改进.通过实验验证,改进后的刀具在加工中不仅断屑、排屑效果理想,而且较旧刀具使用寿命提高了34.7％,能降低生产成本,得到了良好的优化效果.     

基于ANSYS的车辆液力缓速器叶片强度分析及模态分析

基于UG-NX2造型软件平台建立YJ-400型号液力缓速器三维几何模型,并对液力缓速器进行叶片的提取简化,利用ANsYsuG的数据接口将叶片导人ANSYS生成FEA模型,利用计算流体分析软件Fluent对液力缓速器的内流场进行数值模拟,得到叶片表面的液压载荷分布,利用ANSYs的载荷施加模块将工作液液体总压按线性分布施加于FEA模型,进行叶片强度分析求得叶片的变形量和等效应力分布;同时对只施加有位移约束的FEA模型进行前六阶模态分析,求得各阶振型的固有频率和共振时叶片的最大变形量．     

轮机资源管理分析及应用

文中在对轮机资源管理基本概念和组成概述的基础上,重点说明了人力资源管理是机舱资源管理的核心部分,并根据远洋船舶轮机管理实际案例分析和阐述了轮机资源管理的执行意义,并结合具体情景合理做好轮机资源管理,提出了预防和控制人为事故发生的有效方法。     

Data-Driven Process Monitoring and Fault Tolerant Control in Wind Energy Conversion System with Hydraulic Pitch System

Wind energy is one of the widely applied renewable energies in the world. Wind turbine as the main wind energy converter at present has very complex technical system containing a huge number of components,actuators and sensors. However, despite of the hardware redundancy, sensor faults have often affected the wind turbine normal operation and thus caused energy generation loss. In this paper, aiming at the wind turbine hydraulic pitch system, data-driven design of process monitoring(PM) and diagnosis has been realized in the wind turbine benchmark. Fault tolerant control(FTC) strategies focused on sensor faults have also been presented here, where with the implementation of soft sensor the sensor fault can be handled and the performance of the system is improved. The performance of this method is demonstrated with the wind turbine benchmark provided by Math Works.     

Reliability Copula Model for Wind Turbine Gearbox Based on Failure Correlation

On the basis of each gear’s failure correlation, the reliability Copula model of a wind turbine gearbox is established and a 1.5 MW wind turbine gearbox is taken as the research object. Firstly, based on the dynamic reliability model of mechanical parts, each gear’s life distribution function of a wind turbine gearbox is obtained.The life distribution function can be used as the marginal distributions of the system’s joint distribution. Secondly,Copula function is introduced to describe the failure correlation between parts, and the appropriate Copula function is selected according to the shape characters of Copula probability density function. Finally, the wind turbine gearbox system is divided into three parts according to the failure correlation of each gear. The Sklar theorem and the thought of step by step analysis are used to obtain the reliability Copula model for a wind turbine gearbox based on failure correlation.     

1.5 MW风力发电机组动态载荷分析

风力发电机动态载荷是影响风机运行和寿命的重要因素,对动态载荷的分析一般采用模型仿真方法.本文针对1.5MW变速变桨风力发电机,基于Samcef for wind turbine（SWT）软件,应用梁单元和超单元进行了高精度建模.模型的控制部分利用曲线查询模拟.在额定风速的湍流风况下,对动态响应曲线、齿轮箱和主轴的两轴承处动态载荷进行了重点分析,揭示了曲线变化成因.通过与Blad-ed软件的仿真结果对比,证明SWT模型具有较高的有效性和参考价值.