结构声辐射边界元声学灵敏度研究

声学灵敏度反应了结构振动引起的辐射声压与结构表面法向振动速度之间的关系.分析了基于边界元法的结构振动声辐射计算原理,推导了声学敏度.用有限元法计算结构动力学响应,以有限元法计算的结构振动速度为边界条件,基于边界元法计算结构振动幅射的声压及声压对振动速度的灵敏度.以一六面体的振动为研究实例,得到了其振动的外场声压及其对结构振动法向速度的灵敏度.结果表明声学灵敏度只与结构几何形状及设计域点的位置有关.     

结构随机振动有限元/边界元法声学数值仿真

建立了结构振动的有限元模型和声学分析的边界元模型,基于边界元法推导了声学响应函数的计算公式,利用声学响应函数和激励谱密度推导了设计域点响应声压的自谱密度函数.以平板稳态振动声辐射为研究算例,计算了1~200 Hz的声学频率响应函数,并计算了系统受常谱密度和变谱密度随机载荷激励的声学响应.理论推导和实例结果表明,基于边界元法的声学响应函数可有效的求解随机声场.     

Influences on the spatial directivity of acoustic vector sensor by finite cylinder baffle and future prospects about eliminating the effects

The directivity of acoustic vector sensor can be distorted by the sound diffraction wave of baffle. According to Helmholtz integral equation, the directivity of acoustic vector sensor under the condition of finite cylinder baffle is calculated by using boundary element method (BEM). Considering the problem of nearly singular integrals of BEM, the exponent parts of fundamental solutions are expanded in trigonometric functions. The singular and the nonsingular parts are separated: the nonsingular parts are calculated by Gaussian integral method; the singular parts are regularized by subsection integral method. Then the surface integrals are reduced into line integrals along the elements?? contour which can be calculated by Gaussian integral method. The sound diffraction field of a plane wave under the condition of finite cylinder baffle at different frequencies and incident angles is calculated, and the characteristics of directivity of pressure and vibration velocity at different frequencies are analyzed. The experimental data are treated and the errors between the experimental and theoretical results are analyzed. Finally, according to the research results about the influences on the directivity of acoustic vector sensor by baffle at present, some future prospects about eliminating the effects of sound diffraction field by baffle are presented.     

边界元法在探测黄土洞穴方面的应用

边界元法(BEM)作为一种新的有突出优点的数值计算方法,正在不断地开辟新的应用领域。本文通过给出黄土洞穴问题的三维稳定电流场的定解问题,利用格林公式导出边界积分方程。并将其计算结果与勒让德(Legendre)级数解进行对比,评价该方法的计算精度。同时,运用BEM 大量地计算了各种不同参数的视电阻率(p_s)曲线。从而对电阻率法的联合剖面装置参数进行了优选。     

移动荷载与土体中孔洞相互作用的2.5D边界元法分析

为了研究具有复杂表面的饱和土体与移动荷载相互作用机理,根据饱和土Biot理论,采用Fourier变换和势函数分解法,推导了饱和土体频域-波数内的Green函数;建立了移动荷载作用下,饱和土体中孔洞动力响应的频域-波数域内边界元法方程(2.5D boundary element methods);利用快速Fourier逆变换法,得到了时间-空间域内饱和土体的动力响应.研究结果表明:在频域内,利用移动荷载方向的一致性建立的频域-波数域内边界积分方程,可将3D空间问题转化为频域-波数域的2D平面问题, 3D边界元简化为2D边界元,使得计算面转换为计算线,减小了计算规模.      

高速列车表面气动噪声偶极子声源分布数值分析

以Lighthill方程为基础,采用边界元法并与计算流体动力学相结合,对高速列车表面气动噪声偶极子声源进行数值分析,以获得高速列车表面气动噪声偶极子声源分布.探讨了不同车速工况下列车车身表面气动偶极子声源的强弱及其分布特征,在此基础上对基于表面气动偶极子声源的列车外部气动声场进行了数值分析.研究表明:列车运行速度为270 km/h、频率为2.5 kHz时,声压级在90 dB以上的气动偶极子声源主要分布在车底转向架附近,其最大声源声压级约97 dB,是高速列车主要的气动噪声源区.     

结构-声辐射功率灵敏性分析与应用研究

分析了外载荷下的连续结构体的声辐射功率灵敏度和声辐射优化问题．结构的频率响应采用有限元法处理,声辐射问题用边界元法来分析．结合泰勒展开式,将结构-声辐射功率灵敏度信息应用于结构-声辐射优化分析中．在数值计算中,以水中双层加肋圆柱壳结构的声辐射优化问题为例进行数值分析,验证方法的可行性和有效性．     

移动最小二乘微分求积法解Helmholtz方程

用一种新型的数值方法--移动最小二乘微分求积法（MLSDQ）求解二维Helmholtz方程。MLSDQ方法是一种直接将微分方程离散的方法，它是将未知函数的各阶偏导数在离散点处的值用域内各配点的函数值加权组合来表示，权系数则直接用移动最小二乘Galerkin法中的形函数求导得到，通过MLSDQ技术将Helmholtz方程和相应的边界条件转化成为一组关于各配点位势的线性代数方程组，求解这组代数方程，便可得到各配点的位势，通过求解几个具有精确解的算例，讨论了方法的收敛性和数值精度，结果表明：该方法较适合于求解小波数的Helmholtz方程,对高波数的方程，需要设置大量的域内配点才能有较好的数值结果。     

BOUNDARY ELEMENT-COMPLIANCE MATRIX METHOD FOR 3D ELASTIC FRICTIONAL CONTACT ANALYSIS

IntroductionContact with friction is a common phe-nomenon in engineering,such as gear drive andfriction drive etc.It is difficulty to analyze contactproblems because of friction,existing very com-plex nonlinear become of a large number of unilat-eral friction contact surfaces,on which the contactfluctuates. Thus the analysis of frictional contactbehavior is regarded as one of the most challengeproblem in solid mechanics field.Many experts devoted in studying the friction-al contact problem[1～…     

肋骨分布对肋板声辐射影响及分布优化分析

分析了流体载荷下的肋骨分布对声辐射的影响并进行了肋骨分布优化.结构的频率响应采用有限元法处理,声辐射问题用边界元法来分析.在声辐射优化方程中,声功率被定义为目标函数.应用遗传算法进行肋骨的分布和尺寸参数的优化分析.在数值计算中,验证了上述过程的有效性和可行性.     

FEM／BEM法振动板减振降噪优化设计

振动板的减振降噪设计是相关工程中结构设计的重要内容之一,优化设计可在设计阶段通过对设计模型的定量修改获得理想的减振降噪效果．基于有限元直接法计算了一两端固支矩形平板的频率响应,以板局部厚度为设计变量,以振动板各节点振动速度最小化为目标,建立了减小振动速度的优化模型,用可行方向法对一简支矩形板在1—200Hz的振动实施了优化;用间接边界元法对振动板在优化前、后的声学进行数值分析,以比较振动优化的降噪效果．实例结果表明,优化设计通过对结构重量的重新分布可在结构重量相对不变的情况下,在一较宽频段内均得到减振降噪效果．     

Research on geological structure inversion method with acoustic computed tomography and borehole data

This article firstly proposes two problems related to geological structure inversion with acoustic computed tomography (CT): ① the results surveyed are different from true stratum layers; ② the existing acoustic CT inversion methods are based on wave’s travel route and velocity analysis, which is short of comprehensive analysis of the revealed geological data. Then, it puts forward the method of applying the borehole data to revise acoustic CT investigation result through controlling the boundary velocity. This method comprehensively uses acoustic data and borehole data to invert the rock masses’ shear wave speed. Comparing to calculating the rock mass’ wave speed with acoustic data alone, it makes full use of the information, and the results obtained are closer to real stratum. Finally, it applies the method to engineering project and the results gotten with the method are more accurate, which shows the reliability and accuracy of the method.     

基于多目标形貌优化的缸盖罩低噪声设计

为降低柴油机缸盖罩结构辐射噪声,运用有限元边界元法对其进行了噪声虚拟预测,得到噪声贡献量突出的关键模态.将缸盖罩结构的静态整体刚度和动态多阶关键频率统一为Euclidean 距离的多目标函数,采用带权重的折衷规划法对缸盖罩进行多目标形貌优化,并考虑装配、加工工艺性等因素重新设计了缸盖罩CAD模型.在保持边界条件一致的情况下,对重新设计后的缸盖罩进行噪声分析,结果表明:改进后的缸盖罩整体刚度得到加强,关键频率避开了主要辐射噪声共振频率区域,总声功率级下降3.5 dB(A).      

Effect of absorption layer on interior sound field of sonar dome

Using the finite element method (FEM) and boundary element method (BEM) and considering the sound absorption layer which is covered on the backing of the sonar dome, the interior field in the dome which is excited by the incident plane wave has been studied. This method is validated by comparing numerical results with that of classic elastic theory. Then the effect of parameters of the sound absorption layer on interior sound field has been analyzed. The numerical calculation results show that uniformity of interior sound pressure is improved when the backing is covered with a sound absorption layer. The thicker the layer is, or the higher the loss factor of layer is, the more uniform the sound field is.     

轨道交通桥梁结构噪声研究综述

针对运行列车引起的轨道交通桥梁结构噪声问题,总结了国内外轨道交通桥梁结构噪声的辐射特性、预测方法、产生机理、控制措施及工程应用等方面的研究成果,展望了未来的研究重点和发展方向。研究结果表明:轨道交通桥梁结构噪声主要集中于200 Hz以下的低频段,峰值一般出现在40~100 Hz;如何使用更先进的声源识别技术将桥梁结构噪声从综合噪声中分离出来,是准确分析桥梁结构噪声频谱特性和空间分布特性的关键;现有的桥梁结构噪声预测方法包括声学边界元法、统计能量分析等,声学边界元法的计算效率较低,统计能量分析主要用于钢桥噪声预测,发展大跨度混凝土桥梁结构噪声预测方法是当务之急;桥梁结构噪声峰值主要与桥梁结构的中高频局部振动特性和轮轨系统输入到桥梁结构的振动能量有关,桥梁的中高频局部振动特性对声辐射特性的影响机理尚未形成统一认识;目前常用的桥梁结构噪声控制措施有轨道减振措施和桥梁减振措施2类,桥梁减振措施对结构噪声的控制效果一般,轨道减振措施虽然能够有效降低桥梁结构噪声辐射,但同时可能引起轮轨噪声与道床二次结构噪声的增大,建议在保证经济性的条件下,综合运用各种控制措施,以取得最优的降噪效果。      

Acoustic radiation analysis based on essential solution of Green’s function

The principle objective of the paper is to study the acoustic radiation problem of the 3D space domain with control boundary. By using the conformal transformation theory, the Green’s function for acoustic point source in the control domain space is obtained. With it, the expression of acoustic radiation function of the control domain is formed. Discussion about the acoustic radiation of pulsating sphere in right-angle space is drawn in the end, including the acoustic radiation directivity effect by the boundary characteristics, acoustic radiation frequency and acoustic source location. Numerical results show that: for the lower frequency radiation, the infection of free surface is significant; for the high frequency radiation, the infection of location is significant on the contrary. The research provides a new method for boundary characteristic problem of the structural-acoustic acoustic.     

车架结构动力学特性边界元法解析

为在设计阶段对车架结构进行高效的动力学建模解析,提出了基于边界元的区域分割单元合成方法。采用薄板元件的动态基本解,建立了板型构件的边界方程,运用区域分割单元合成法,推导出车架结构的动力学方程。边界元计算值相对于实验值的最大相对误差为5.0%,相对于有限元计算值的最大误差为5.9%,表明基于边界元的区域分割单元合成方法能够快速、准确地分析车架结构的动力学特性,在设计阶段可提高车架结构的建模精度和计算效率。     

用面元法预报船舶的兴波阻力及波型

采用基于开尔文源的面元法求解航行于均匀流场中的船舶兴波问题．在船体湿表面上布置开尔文源，使其严格满足船体表面条件．数值计算中，首先采用分部积分对被积函数进行简化处理，然后采用高斯积分实现面元和线元上的积分，避免了被积函数为高频振荡函数所带来的数值计算的复杂性和不确定性．计算结果表明，其波型及兴波阻力系数与试验结果和其他数值方法相比均吻合较好．     

Application of method of fundamental solutions in solving potential flow problems for ship motion prediction

A novel panel-free approach based on the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) is proposed to solve the potential flow for predicting ship motion responses in the frequency domain according to strip theory. Compared with the conventional boundary element method (BEM), MFS is a desingularized, panel-free and integration-free approach. As a result, it is mathematically simple and easy for programming. The velocity potential is described by radial basis function (RBF) approximations and any degree of continuity of the velocity potential gradient can be obtained. Desingularization is achieved through collating singularities on a pseudo boundary outside the real fluid domain. Practical implementation and numerical characteristics of the MFS for solving the potential flow problem concerning ship hydrodynamics are elaborated through the computation of a 2D rectangular section. Then, the current method is further integrated with frequency domain strip theory to predict the heave and pitch responses of a containership and a very large crude carrier (VLCC) in regular head waves. The results of both ships agree well with the 3D frequency domain panel method and experimental data. Thus, the correctness and usefulness of the proposed approach are proved. We hope that this paper will serve as a motivation for other researchers to apply the MFS to various challenging problems in the field of ship hydrodynamics.     

高速列车低噪声设计中的部件声学指标分解方法

提出了一种基于整车噪声仿真分析的部件声学指标分解方法；将高速列车的部件声学指标按类型分为声源指标和路径指标2种主要形式，分别基于声线法和统计能量分析方法建立了高速列车的车外噪声预测模型和车内噪声预测模型，通过选定的初始参数作为计算输入，预测车外、车内噪声，并与车辆顶层声学指标进行差异化对比分析；基于声源贡献、路径贡献与参数灵敏度分析，考虑多目标优化，确定了声源部件和路径部件的声学指标。研究结果表明:噪声源的指标分解，基于整车车外噪声仿真分析，当车外噪声预测结果满足声学设计目标且设计裕量在可接受范围之内时，此时的声源参数输入即可作为一组声源指标分解结果；对于传声路径的指标分解，基于整车车内噪声仿真分析，当车内噪声满足声学设计目标且设计裕量在可接受范围之内时，此时的路径参数输入即可作为一组路径指标分解结果；当声源指标或路径指标不满足整车噪声要求时，则需要进行声源或路径的贡献分析，计算主要贡献声源或路径的参数灵敏度，通过对主要贡献声源或者路径进行修正迭代，使之最终满足声学设计目标；低噪声设计需要不断综合多项指标的反馈，合理地调整部件声学指标，确保声学指标分解满足顶层目标，且具有可行性。