移动荷载与土体中孔洞相互作用的2.5D边界元法分析

为了研究具有复杂表面的饱和土体与移动荷载相互作用机理,根据饱和土Biot理论,采用Fourier变换和势函数分解法,推导了饱和土体频域-波数内的Green函数;建立了移动荷载作用下,饱和土体中孔洞动力响应的频域-波数域内边界元法方程(2.5D boundary element methods);利用快速Fourier逆变换法,得到了时间-空间域内饱和土体的动力响应.研究结果表明:在频域内,利用移动荷载方向的一致性建立的频域-波数域内边界积分方程,可将3D空间问题转化为频域-波数域的2D平面问题, 3D边界元简化为2D边界元,使得计算面转换为计算线,减小了计算规模.      

潜体非定常兴波问题的数值求解

开发了一种求解非定常兴波问题的基于非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)的三维面元法，应用该方法对潜体加速航行的情况进行了数值计算研究．基于势流理论，建立了线性边值问题．在物面上分布时域Kelvin源，物面和物面上的源强分布都用NURBS来表示．用时间步进的方法求解这一边值问题．对潜体中低速航行的情况进行了计算，给出了即时的波阻和波型。     

Prediction of hydrodynamic forces on a moored ship induced by a passing ship in shallow water using a high-order panel method

A three-dimensional high-order panel method based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) is developed for predicting the hydrodynamic interaction forces on a moored ship induced by a passing ship in shallow water. An NURBS surface is used to precisely represent the hull geometry. Velocity potential on the hull surface is described by B-spline after the source density distribution on the boundary surface is determined. A collocation approach is applied to the boundary integral equation discretization. Under the assumption of low passing speed, the effect of free surface elevation is neglected in the numerical calculation, and infinite image method is used to deal with the finite water depth effect. The time stepping method is used to solve the velocity potential at each time step. Detailed convergence study with respect to time step, panel size and Green function is undertaken. The present results of hydrodynamic forces are compared with those obtained by slender-body theory to show the validity of the proposed numerical method. Calculations are conducted for different water depths and lateral distances between ships, and the detail results are presented to demonstrate the effects of these factors.     

Acoustic radiation analysis based on essential solution of Green’s function

The principle objective of the paper is to study the acoustic radiation problem of the 3D space domain with control boundary. By using the conformal transformation theory, the Green’s function for acoustic point source in the control domain space is obtained. With it, the expression of acoustic radiation function of the control domain is formed. Discussion about the acoustic radiation of pulsating sphere in right-angle space is drawn in the end, including the acoustic radiation directivity effect by the boundary characteristics, acoustic radiation frequency and acoustic source location. Numerical results show that: for the lower frequency radiation, the infection of free surface is significant; for the high frequency radiation, the infection of location is significant on the contrary. The research provides a new method for boundary characteristic problem of the structural-acoustic acoustic.     

Long-term performance prediction of oscillating wings for assisting ship propulsion at actual seas

In order to raise ship energy efficiency, the possibility of wave energy recovery by a pair of coil-spring connected oscillating wings for assisting ship propulsion in waves is investigated. A frequency domain hydrodynamic model based on potential theory is established to predict the effect of the oscillating wings on the ship in regular waves, in terms of reducing wave-added resistance and improving seakeeping performance. The proposed linear model is suitable for short-term prediction based on conventional spectral analysis techniques, thus making it possible to evalute the long-term performance of oscillating wings for assisting ship propulsion at actual seas based on wave statistics. A sample containership is adopted to study the performance of the proposed concept. The results show that the oscillating wings can effectively reduce the added resistance of the ship at actual seas. The feasibility of this green ship technology is proved.     

多约束燃料棒自由振动特性

为开发用于核燃料设计的流致振动计算程序，基于梁理论和势流理论，建立了多约束燃料棒振动问题理论分析方法. 首先通过多跨连续梁理论，得到了多约束燃料棒在空气中振动控制方程和干模态下总体刚度矩阵和质量矩阵；然后通过势流理论，考虑了流体轴流和边界条件的影响，给出了湿模态下附加质量矩阵；最后以压水堆燃料棒为例，得到了燃料棒在干模态和湿模态下自由振动固有频率和振型的理论分析结果，并研究了弹簧刚度和附加质量系数对振动固有频率的影响. 研究结果表明:通过理论分析方法所得计算结果与有限元软件ANSYS计算结果相一致；燃料棒在堆芯中结构为棒束形式，且周围为高速流动流体，振动频率及振型受到流体轴流和周边相邻燃料棒的边界效应影响，但由于多约束作用，流体轴流和边界效应仅影响了振动固有频率，而对振型基本没有影响；拉压和扭转弹簧刚度越大，燃料棒振动频率越高，增加扭转弹簧刚度可使第1阶固有频率增加79.1%，附加质量系数越高，燃料棒振动频率越低，可使第1阶固有频率降低18.2%，通过优化刚度方法可得到理想的振动特性，为格架设计提供参考.      

微尺度下气体在过渡区内流动的格子Boltzmann模拟

为研究微尺度下气体在过渡区内的流动特性,基于气体动理学及Knudsen层效应理论,推导了Knudsen数与无量纲松弛时间的关系;应用Succi的边界处理方法和广义二阶滑移边界条件,推导了壁面滑移速度和反弹比例系数的计算公式,建立了适用于过渡区微尺度气体流动的格子Boltzmann模型,并应用该模型对过渡区内微尺度Poiseuille流动进行模拟.结果表明,当稀薄参数取1.64时,计算得到的无量纲速度剖面在整个过渡区与Karniadakis给出的无量纲速度剖面吻合较好,无量纲速度分布在过渡区基本上保持为抛物线形状,边界上的无量纲滑移速度随着Knudsen数的增加而增大,中心线上的无量纲速度随着Knudsen数的增加而减小.      

基于切片法的高速船摇荡运动预报研究

利用基于切片法的Seakeeper软件,计算了NPL系列船模纵摇运动和垂荡运动幅值响应函数．通过理论结果与试验结果进行比较,验证了使用切片法计算高速船耐波性的可行性．     

Method to calculate resistance of high-speed displacement ship taking the effect of dynamic sinkage and trim and fluid viscosity into account

A method is presented to calculate the resistance of a high-speed displacement ship taking the effect of sinkage and trim and viscosity of fluid into account. A free surface flow field is evaluated by solving Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with volume of fluid (VoF) method. The sinkage and trim are computed by equating the vertical force and pitching moment to the hydrostatic restoring force and moment. The software Fluent, Maxsurf and MATLAB are used to implement this method. With dynamic mesh being used, the position of a ship is updated by the motion of ??ship plus boundary layer?? grid zone. The hull factors are introduced for fast calculating the running attitude of a ship. The method has been applied to the ship model INSEAN2340 for different Froude numbers and is found to be efficient for evaluating the flow field, resistance, sinkage and trim.     

基于动态流场数据的虚拟港口建模方法

为了实现港口数字化升级，提出了一种基于动态流场数据的虚拟港口建模方法；采用三维重建模型从无人机倾斜摄影影像数据中重建了港口几何特征，获取高精度三维模型；引入了基于二次误差度量的边折叠算法简化模型，以避免数据量过大致使渲染效率低的问题；分析了欧拉法数值计算过程中的高耗时环节，建立了神经网络模型学习流场演化特征，加速投影项计算得到实时变化的流场数据，通过流场数据驱动水流动态渲染，结合光滑粒子流体动力学方法表现水流与船舶、陆地的交互动态，在保证渲染实时性的同时，提高渲染真实感。研究结果表明:重建的港口三维重建模型顶点数量可达3 320 937个，重建的网格模型在Meshlab中渲染频率为78.7 Hz；经过模型简化降低90.0%的模型顶点数量后，模型顶点数量缩减为332 836个，渲染频率提升至108.7 Hz，模型简化后几何误差小于2.0%；在256×256的流场网格下，采用神经网络加速的网格流体计算方法所得水流速度场平均更新间隔约为17 ms，平均仿真精度为88.6%；通过开源图像引擎驱动流场数据和港口三维模型，平均渲染频率可达50.5 Hz。可见，该方法可有效解决高精度实时渲染中的关键问题，以达到仿真精度与渲染效率间的动态平衡，在精度损失较小的情况下实现较高精度的虚拟港口建模与实时动态仿真。      

Focusing azimuth-invariant bistatic synthetic aperture radar data based on a polynomial model

In this paper, a focusing approach is presented to widen the use of efficient monostatic imaging algorithms for azimuth-invariant bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The bistatic range history is modeled by a polynomial of azimuth time. Using this model, an analytic form of the signal spectrum in the 2D frequency domain is derived, and a simple single-valued relation between the transmitter and receive ranges is established. In this way, a lot of monostatic image formation algorithms can be extended for the bistatic SAR data, and a bistatic chirp scaling algorithm is developed as an application of the new approach. This algorithm can be used to process the azimuth-invariant bistatic configuration where the transmitter and receiver platforms are moving on parallel tracks with the same velocity. In addition, some simulation results are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.     

清水紊流流速脉动的谱分析

通过量测一段时间内的瞬时流速分布,依据大量的试验数据,利用傅立叶变换将时域流速脉动信号转换为频域进行相关的谱分析,显示出清水紊流的能量集中于低频段附近,并找出了雷诺数与频带宽度的初步关系,弗汝德数与频带宽度的初步关系。     

Equivalent stiffness of the saturated poro-elastic half space interacting with an infinite beam to harmonic moving loads

The expression of the equivalent stiffness of the saturated poro-elastic half space interacting with an infinite beam to harmonic moving loads is obtained via the Fourier transformation method in the frequency wave number domain. Based on the obtained equivalent stiffness, the frequency wave number domain solution of the beam-half-space system is obtained by the compatibility condition between the beam and the half space.Critical velocity of harmonic moving loads along an infinite Euler-Bernoulli elastic beam is determined. The time domain solutions for the beam and the saturated poro-elastic half space are derived by means of the inverse Fourier transformation method. Also, the influences of the load speed, frequency and material parameters of the poro-elastic half space on the responses of the beam are investigated. Numerical results show that the frequency corresponding to the maximum deflection and bending moment increases with increasing load speed. Moreover,it can be seen that at higher frequencies, the dynamic response is independent of the load speed. The present results also show that for a beam overlying a saturated poro-elastic half space, there still exist critical velocities even when the load velocity is larger than the shear wave speed of the medium.     

Hydraulic Geometry Relation for Navigable Canals Considering Ship Speed

Definition of hydraulic geometry of navigable canals and its expression are studied in this paper.The hydrodynamic and morphologic characteristics of navigable canals are analyzed on the basis of the data collected from field surveys conducted at two segments of the Grand Canal in Jiangsu Province,China.The channel morphologic factor and the ship hydrodynamic factor are adopted to describe the hydraulic geometry relation of navigable canals.The correlation analysis shows that the ship hydrodynamics can be a dominant factor influencing the channel evolution with larger determination coefficient.Furthermore,the undetermined index in the proposed hydraulic geometry relation is also discussed,which indicates that the index related to the intensity of water flow(qualitatively reflected by the integrated ship flow intensity)is within a range of 0.5 to 1.0.     

结构非线性机翼的超音速和高超音速颤振

为探讨超音速、高超音速流中二元机翼的气动弹性特性,基于活塞理论计算了作用在翼面上的气动力,运用能量方法建立了系统的运动微分方程,采用Hopf分叉理论确定了系统的临界颤振速度,并考查了系统参数对临界颤振速度的影响;采用等效线性化和数值积分法研究了具有立方非线性刚度系统的极限环响应,二者结果一致.结果表明,在一定的(无量纲)速度范围内(9.48相似文献   

Research of Springing and Whipping Influence on Ultra-Large Containerships’ Fatigue Analysis

Rules of Classification Societies all around the world have made changes on design wave loads’ value and fatigue influence factor modification due to the influence of springing and whipping on ultra-large containerships. The paper firstly introduced 3-D linear hydroelastic theory in frequency domain and 3-D nonlinear hydroelastic theory in time domain, considering large amplitude motion nonlinearity and slamming force due to the severe relative motion between ship hull and wave. Then the spectrum analysis method and time domain statistical analysis method were introduced, which can make fatigue analysis under a series of standard steps in frequency and time domain, respectively. Finally, discussions on the influence factor of springing and whipping on fatigue damages of 8500TEU and 10000TEU containerships with different loading states were made. The fatigue assessment of different position on the midship section was done on the basis of nominal stress. The fatigue damage due to whipping can be the same as the fatigue damage due to springing and even sometimes can be larger than the springing damage. Besides, some suggestions on calculating load case selection were made to minimize the quantity of work in frequency and time domain. Thus, tools for fatigue influence factor modification were provided to meet the demand of IACS-UR.     

Slamming and Green Water Loads on Bow-Flare Ship in Regular Head Waves Investigated by Hydroelasticity Theory and Experiment

With the development of ships towards large scale, high speed and light weight, ship hydroelastic responses and slamming strength issues are becoming increasingly important. In this paper, a time-domain nonlinear hydroelasticity theory is developed to predict ship motion and load responses in harsh regular waves.Hydrostatic restoring force, wave excitation force and radiation force are calculated on the instantaneously wetted body surface to consider the nonlinear effects caused by large amplitude motions of ship in steep waves. A twodimensional(2 D) generalized Wagner model and a one-dimensional(1 D) dam-breaking model are used to estimate the impact loads caused by bow flare slamming and green water on deck, respectively; the impact loads are coupled with the hydroelastic equation in time-domain. Moreover, segmented model tests are carried out in a towing tank to investigate the wave and slamming loads acting on the hull sailing in harsh regular head waves and also validate the numerical results.     

曲线纤维变刚度壁板的亚音速气弹稳定性研究

针对曲线纤维变刚度复合材料层合板在高速列车壁板结构轻量化设计中的广阔应用前景,研究了弹性、黏弹性变刚度复合壁板在亚音速流场中的气动弹性稳定性问题. 首先,基于Mindlin厚板理论和势流流动理论分别描述壁板结构变形和亚音速气动力,根据虚功原理和有限元法建立了曲线纤维变刚度复合材料弹性/黏弹性壁板的气动弹性稳定性分析模型,进而采用复模态理论求解复合材料变刚度壁板发散临界速度;在验证方法正确性和收敛性的基础上,研究了壁板关键参数等对复合变刚度壁板发散失稳特性的影响规律. 研究结果表明:与直线纤维壁板相比,通过调整曲线纤维路径可以实现壁板的发散临界速度50%左右的提升,有效增强壁板气动弹性稳定性.      

Numerical study on vortex induced vibration of a flexible plate behind square cylinder with various flow velocities

The vortex induced vibration （VIV） of a flexible plate behind the square head with various flow velocities is simulated. The closely coupling approach is used to model this fluid-structure interaction problem. The fluid governed by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is solved in arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian （ALE） frame by the finite volume method. The structure described by the equations of the elastodynamics in Lagrangian representation is diseretized by the finite element approach. The numerical results show that the resonance occurs when the frequency of vortex shedding from square head coincides with the natural frequency of plate. And tile amplitude of both the structure motion and the fluid load keeps increasing with the time. Furthermore, it is also found that in particular range of flow velocity the vibration of the plate would reach a periodical state. The amplitude of plate oscillating increases with the growth of velocity, while the frequency is locked.     

两列车在隧道中交会期间的压力瞬变的数值计算

以一维可压缩不稳定等熵流理论为基础提出了一个种适用范围较为广泛的计算会车期间压力瞬变的方法。建立了模拟会车期间流动的边界条件方程,提出了一种新的跟踪列车运动的网格系统。通过与实测的会一期间压力瞬变曲线对比,验证了本文中提出了的方法。并对会车期间的压力瞬变的特征进行了讨论和分析。