基于边缘检测的焊缝图像自动识别算法

提出一种基于边缘检测的焊缝图像识别方法,即通过对螺旋钢管焊缝图像的实时采集、处理、分析,一旦发现焊枪偏离焊缝中心则及时对焊枪走向加以调整。该方法运用在实际螺旋钢管焊接中,具有检测时间短、误差小、工作稳定可靠、抗干扰能力强等特点。     

Modified gray level difference-based thresholding segmentation and its application in X-Ray welding image

Thresholding is a popular image segmentation method that often requires as a preliminary and indispensable stage in the computer aided image process, particularly in the analysis of X-ray welding images. In this paper, a modified gray level difference-based transition region extraction and thresholding algorithm is presented for segmentation of the images that have been corrupted by intensity inhomogeneities or noise. Classical gray level difference algorithm is improved by selective output of the result of the maximum or the minimum of the gray level with the pixels in the surrounding, and multi-structuring of neighborhood window is used to represent the essence of transition region. The proposed algorithm could robustly measure the gray level changes, and accurately extract transition region of an image. Comparisons with other approaches demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm.     

基于Marc和遗传算法的焊接工艺参数优化

焊接变形的大小主要受焊接速度、焊接电流、电压、送丝速度、焊接顺序等工艺参数的影响.根据焊接热加工特点和实际需要,针对设计变量数目繁多、类型多样的焊接工艺,采用遗传算法与有限元分析相结合的方式,对重点参数进行了优化.以二维平板对接焊的模型为例,以工件最小焊接变形量为优化目标,经过遗传算法进化后,结合有限元方法进行每组参数组合的焊接过程热力耦合分析,找出焊接能量和焊接速度的最优组合,为焊接工艺的优化和制定提供科学的评价和预测.     

Analysis of arc physical property of pulsed tungsten inert gas welding based on Fowler-Milne method

Pulsed tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is widely used in industry due to its superior properties, so the measurement of arc temperature is important to analyse welding process. Arc image of spectral line in 794.8 nm is captured by high speed camera; both the Abel inversion and the Fowler-Milne method are used to calculate the temperature distribution of the pulsed TIG welding. Characteristic of transient variation in arc intensity and temperature is analyzed. When the change of current happens, intensity and temperature of arc jump as well, it costs several milliseconds. The further the axial position from the tungsten is, the greater the intensity jumps, and the smaller the temperature changes.     

Image series segmentation and improved MC algorithm

A semiautomatic segmentation method based on active contour is proposed for computed tomography （CT） image series. First, to get initial contour, one image slice was segmented exactly by C-V method based on Mumford-Shah model. Next, the computer will segment the nearby slice automatically using the snake model one by one. During segmenting of image slices, former slice boundary, as next slice initial contour, may cross over next slice real boundary and never return to right position. To avoid contour skipping over, the distance variance between two slices is evaluated by an threshold, which decides whether to initiate again. Moreover, a new improved marching cubes （MC） algorithm based on 2D images series segmentation boundary is given for 3D image reconstruction. Compared with the standard method, the proposed algorithm reduces detecting time and needs less storing memory. The effectiveness and capabilities of the algorithm were illustrated by ,experimental results.     

钢轨加压铝热焊的研究

为了提高钢轨常规铝热焊的接头质量,作者对钢轨加压铝热焊工艺进行了试验研究.结果表明,这种工艺使铸态焊缝变窄,母材产生一定塑性变形,接头韧性大幅度提高,是既能保证接头质量又便于现场生产使用的一种工艺.     

Spatter rate estimation of GMAW-S based on partial least square regression

This paper analyzes the drop transfer process in gas metal arc welding in short-circuit transfer mode （GMAW-S） in order to develop an optimized spatter rate model that can be used on line. According to thermodynamic characters and practical behavior, a complete arcing process is divided into three sub-processes： arc re-ignition, energy output and shorting preparation. Shorting process is then divided as drop spread, bridge sustention and bridge destabilization. Nine process variables and their distribution are analyzed based on welding experiments with high-speed photos and synchronous current and voltage signals. Method of variation coefficient is used to reflect process consistency and to design characteristic parameters. Partial least square regression （PLSR） is utilized to set up spatter rate model because of severe correlativity among the above characteristic parameters. PLSR is a new multivariate statistical analysis method, in which regression modeling, data simplification and relativity analysis are included in a single algorithm. Experiment results show that the regression equation based on PLSR is effective for on-line predicting spatter rate of its corresponding welding condition.     

Modeling, identification and simulation of DC resistance spot welding process for aluminum alloy 5182

Currently the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding(AA-RSW) has been extensively used for light weight automotive body-in-white manufacturing.However the aluminum alloys such as AA5182 have inferior weldability for forming the joint due to their high reflectiveness to heat and light.Therefore it is necessary to further develop the high performance control strategy and the set-up of a new welding schedule.The welding process identification is the essential issue where the difficulty arises from the fact that the AA-RSW is a nonlinear time-varying uncertain process which couples the thermal,electrical,mechanical and metallurgical dynamics.To understand this complicated physical phenomenon a novel dual-phase M-series pseudo-random electrical pattern is adopted to excite the AA-RSW electrical-thermal process and the thermal response is recorded according to the welding power outputs.Based on the experimental information,the transfer function of an AA-RSW electrical- thermal mechanism is identified,and the optimum model order and parameters are determined.Subsequently a control-oriented DC AA-RSW model is established to explore the welding power control algorithm.The simulated results of the control model show agreement with the experimental data,which validates its feasibility for the corresponding welding control.     

陶瓷衬垫在铁路货车焊接生产中的应用

模拟40 t轴重矿石车的牵引梁下盖板与枕梁下盖板的对接焊缝形式,采用单面焊双面成型（加陶瓷衬垫）的工艺方法进行试验,并通过对焊接接头的力学性能检验、微观组织观察和分析,证明了该工艺的可行性,现已应用于出口澳大利亚铁路货车的批量生产中.     

基于分块EnKF的非线性目标跟踪算法

针对滤波航迹的相关性以及初始状态的选择会对跟踪性能产生影响的问题,将集合卡尔曼滤波算法引入到非线性目标跟踪领域,验证了其可行性和有效性,提出了基于分块集合卡尔曼滤波的非线性目标跟踪算法.采用分块思想生成初始集合,使用协方差矩阵加权方法解决分块间的航迹相关问题.仿真结果表明基于分块集合卡尔曼滤波的目标跟踪算法计算复杂度和以往的集合卡尔曼滤波算法同阶的情况下可以提供更高的运动参数估计精度,解决了粒子滤波算法计算量大难以进行实时跟踪的问题.      

Multiple welding seam video transmission and monitoring of welding robot in local area network

A method of transmission and monitoring in local area network (LAN) for the welding seam video information of binocular vision welding robot is proposed. This paper uses MPEG-4 video CODEC functions of DivX, video for Windows (VFW) video capture technology, multi-threaded network communication idea and WinSock Socket in Visual C++ 6.0. In the end, client/server (C/S) communication model based on TCP/IP protocol has been developed. Experimental results show that the method can achieve the multiple welding seam video??s real-time transmission in LAN. Moreover, the Canny operator is used to realize the edge feature extraction of the seam image which is captured by the client, so that the edge of the seam extracted is continuous and clear.     

基于智能Agent的车辆自适应跟踪技术

为了研究复杂环境下快速移动车辆目标检测与跟踪问题,提出了基于知识库的智能Agent自适应图像分割与滤波算法,建立了帧间差异积累动态矩阵自适应背景模型,在跟踪过程中,设计了改进的SSD算法预测初始迭代点,根据Jensen不等式推导了具有自适应核窗宽迭代更新的M eanSh ift算法,实现了对视频车辆目标的自适应智能跟踪.实验结果表明,该算法能有效、准确地跟踪视频中的运动目标,自适应能力强;与其他算法比较,跟踪误差降低了54.4%,平均跟踪时间延长了41.3%.     

受电弓滑板状态监测的图像目标提取

将数字图像处理技术应用于受电弓滑板状态监测,给出了受电弓无线图像监测系统的工作原理和组成结构,设计了图像目标的提取算法,将受电弓滑板图像的提取划分为粗提取和精提取2个步骤.该图像目标提取算法结合边缘提取、形态学图像处理、投影变换、聚类分析和Hough变换等方法,完成复杂目标图像的提取,并实现较高精度的定位.实验结果表明,所提出的算法对复杂背景、不均匀光照和噪声等影响因素不敏感,正确识别率能达到85%.     

Self-organizing map based quality assessment for resistance spot welding with featured electrode displacement signals

To classify the quality of the resistance spot welding process, a relationship between the welder electrode displacement curve characteristics and the weld shear force has been explored. Eleven statistical features of the displacement signals are extracted to represent the welding quality. Self-organizing map (SOM) neural networks have been employed to discover their quantitative relationship. In order to identify the influence of various displacement curve features, all of the available combinations have been used as inputs for SOM neural networks. Further we analyze the impact of each feature on the classification results, yielding the best quality-indicative combination of characteristics. There is no determinant relationship between the welding quality and the level of expulsion rate. The quality of welding is most impacted by the maximum electrode displacement, the span of welding process and the centroid of the electrode displacement curve. The experiments show that SOM is feasible to assess the welding quality and can render the visualized intuitive evaluation results.     

动车组构架激光-MAG复合热源焊接工艺参数

针对高速列车转向架焊接构架中典型的平板对接接头、T型角接接头和管板搭接接头,采用激光-MAG电弧复合热源焊接方法进行了系统的焊接工艺试验,确定了平板对接、T型角接和管板搭接接头的坡口角度、钝边尺寸和组焊间隙,以及相应的激光-MAG复合热源焊接工艺参数,为激光-电弧复合焊接方法在构架制造中的应用提供了工艺参数和技术基础.     

Real-time pressure based diagnosis method for oil pipeline leakage

As detecting the pressure signal is the main method in the real-time leak diagnosis of long pipeline, an abnormal pressure diagnosis method is proposed to make the leak diagnosis rapidly and accurately. Firstly, a combination filter algorithm is designed to realize noise reduction. Then, an anomaly detection algorithm is designed to detect abnormal pressure on the head and tail of the pipeline. Finally, the relevancy of the detected novelties is computed by Pearson correlation coefficient to identify the leakages. The experimental results show that the proposed method can rapidly detect the leakage with few false alarms and accurately locate the position of the leakage.     

Path Planning of Planar Kinked Line Seam by Visual Servoing for Robotic Welding

Welding path planning can substitute for the manual teaching process of the robot and can promote the autonomous level of the robotic welding. A path planning method by visual servoing was presented, in which the optimal angle of charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was also planned. Aiming at planning two forms of kinked line seams, obtuse angle seam and right angle seam, a practicable solution was put forward. In this solution, the intersection of two adjacent straight segments is detected in each local seam image, and if intersection is found, theseam errors are calculated using the next straight segment. The experimental results show that kinked line seam can be well planned using this solution.     

基于神经网络的船体焊接规范自动预测方法研究

针对目前船体焊接规范参数设计的特点,设计了船体焊接规范自动决策的人工神经网络模型．通过实际焊接工艺数据对网络模型进行训练,把以规则显示表达的工艺设计知识转化为隐式网络权值,应用网络推理机快速、准确地预测船体焊接规范参数．实验表明所建神经网络模型具有较好的自学习和预测能力,为船体焊接工艺参数优选提供了一条新途径．     

A Generalized Rough Set Modeling Method for Welding Process

Modeling is essential, significant and difficult for the quality and shaping control of arc welding process. A generalized rough set based modeling method was brought forward and a dynamic predictive model for pulsed gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) was obtained by this modeling method. The results show that this modeling method can well acquire knowledge in welding and satisfy the real life application. In addition, the results of comparison between classic rough set model and back-propagation neural network model respectively are also satisfying.     

融合背景差分的二次重构和内外标记 分水岭的行人检测方法

应用视频处理技术对行人交通进行研究受到广泛的重视,已成为智能交通领 域的研究热点.为了精准地提取交通场景语义信息,提出融合背景差分的二次重构和内外 标记分水岭的行人检测方法.首先对图像进行灰度级形态学开闭重构和背景差分运算,凸 显出前景区域,锐化背景区域;然后根据灰度图像局部极大值和邻域综合信息提取内部 标记,进行“准欧式”距离变换提取外部标记;最后对梯度图像进行修正和分水岭变换,提 取出图像中运动的行人.结果表明,该方法能显著地去除运动噪声的影响,检测到相对完 整的目标,很好地抑制了过分割问题, 在动态场景的行人检测中取得了较好的效果.