应用X光电视对砂型铸造过程的研究

一、前言砂型铸件形成过程的研究,大多采用低温模拟,常温解剖铸件等方法,来描述铸件形成过程中的各种动态貌象。这些方法的弱点是:不能直接观察到铸件形成过程的真实貌象。因而也就不能对铸造过程中瞬间变化的动态作出详尽的解释。铸造行业中常用“睁眼造型,闭眼浇注”两句话来形容铸造生产,就是因为不能对液态金属充填铸型,铸件凝固,以及缺陷产生等等动态貌象进行直接观察研究。为了解决这个问题,丹麦     

机车长毂轮芯铸件缩孔缩松预测

用直接差分法对铸件凝固过程进行了数值模拟，用Ｐ值法∑ｎＧｓｃ／√Ｒｓ作为判据预测缩松；考虑铸件的凝固收缩和液面下降来预测集中的缩孔，输出采用数字和彩色图形，比较直观，预测结果与实际基本吻合。     

基于ANSYS平台的堆焊热应力的动态模拟

建立适当的有限元模型，对平板堆焊过程中温度场、应力场的瞬态变化以及焊后的残余应力和变形进行动态模拟．利用ANSYS软件的APDL语言编写程序，实现移动焊接热源的施加，并采用生死单元法模拟熔池金属的熔化和凝固．     

金属铸造过程的数值模拟方法探讨

在模拟铸铁凝固过程中，提出了新的微观结构与宏观传热相耦合的模型，从而能较合理地预测铸件内部的凝固速率，变形状态及应力分布。     

多层结构船舶机舱火灾烟气充填数值计算

应用大涡模拟技术，建立了多层结构船舶机舱火灾的过滤平衡方程组与Smagorinsky亚格子模型。采用二阶有限差分法对空间变量进行离散，采用显式二阶预估校中法对流动变量进行离散，采用显式二阶Runge-Kutta法对时间变量进行离散，分别求解了速度场、温度场、烟气浓度与烟气层高度，比较了多层结构与单层结构船舶机舱火灾烟气...     

大型磁钢件定向结晶的试验研究

介绍了在大钢磁钢生产中，采用在组合铸型中装入碳粒，并插入电极，直接加热铸型，控温冷却定向结晶以及对大型磁钢铸件低温热磁处理的工艺方法，铸造出长度为２００ｍｍ以上柱状晶的大型磁钢件，产品的合格率达９０％以上。     

预应力钢筋混凝土结构的冲击破坏模拟

采用离散单元法模拟了预应力钢筋混凝土梁在冲击荷载下的破坏过程．提出了一种可以考虑钢筋作用的混凝土单元模型，提出了在离散元分析中施加预应力的方法，并探讨了阻尼参数的具体选取问题．计算模拟的结果表明文中所提出的方法是合理有效的．     

GE构架的铸造模拟分析及工艺改进

GE构架为机车上的一个关键零件,服役时承受重载和频繁的冲击载荷作用．因而要求该件组织致密,不允许有缩孔,缩松和气孔等缺陷．本文先运用Pro／e软件对GE构架进行实物造型,然后利用MAGMAsoft软件对铸件充型和凝固过程进行模拟,预测铸件可能发生缩孔、缩松缺陷的位置,最后针对模拟结果进行铸造工艺优化改进并进行生产实验．实验结果表明,工艺改进后得到的铸件热节缺陷几乎消失了,缩松或缩孔缺陷也相应地减少．     

堆焊温度场的三维动态模拟

对堆焊温度场进行了三维瞬态数值模拟，利用ANSYS软件的APDL语言编写程序，实现在移动热源载荷下的有限元计算，采用过渡网格划分技术，减少了有限元模型的节点数，缩短了计算时间。     

冷板车运输货物时车内温度场数值模拟

采用商用有限软件对冷板车车内温度场分布进行了数值模拟，分析了冷板顶置方式时冷板车车内温度场分布规律．针对不同的用户要求分析了温度场分布．结果表明：在不同冷板布置位置和冷却时间条件下所得到的冷却效果完全满足用户要求．     

Theoretical Analysis of the Solidification of Aluminum Alloy Billet in Air-Slip DC Mold

Based on the heat transfer analysis of Air-Slip DC mold, a numerical model was presented to study the quantitative relationships between critical solidification layer and casting rate, pouring temperature and mold cooling ability etc. The analytical results show that the Air-Slip mold heat transfer condition plays important roles on choices of a casting rate and the pouring temperature, and that the product of billet diameter and casting rate is a certain constant under a certain condition of the mold.     

Computer Simulation of Mould Filling and Solidification of Castings

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Regularization Method to the Parameter Identification of Interfacial Heat Transfer Coefficient and Properties during Casting Solidification

The accurate material physical properties, initial and boundary conditions are indispensable to the numerical simulation in the casting process, and they are related to the simulation accuracy directly. The inverse heat conduction method can be used to identify the mentioned above parameters based on the temperature measurement data. This paper presented a new inverse method according to Tikhonov regularization theory. A regularization functional was established and the regularization parameter was deduced, the Newton-Raphson iteration method was used to solve the equations. One detailed case was solved to identify the thermal conductivity and specific heat of sand mold and interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) at the meantime. This indicates that the regularization method is very efficient in decreasing the sensitivity to the temperature measurement data, overcoming the ill-posedness of the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) and improving the stability and accuracy of the results. As a general inverse method, it can be used to identify not only the material physical properties but also the initial and boundary conditions' parameters.     

Numerical Investigation of the Dynamics for Low Tension Marine Cables

This paper presents a numerical investigation into the dynamics of marine cables which are extensively used in offshore industry. In this numerical study, the Euler-Bernoulli beam model is adopted to develop the governing equations of the cable. Bending stiffness is considered to cope with the low tension problem in local area of towing cable, and thus a more accurate solution with the consideration of the axial elongation can be given.The derived strongly-coupled and nonlinear governing equations are solved by a second-order accurate, implicit,and large time step stable central finite difference method. The quadratically convergent Newton-Raphson iteration method is applied to solving the discrete nonlinear algebraic equations. Then a towed array sonar system(TASS)problem is studied. The numerical solutions agree reasonably well with the experimental data and the simulated results of the references. The specified program of the present paper shows great robustness with high efficiency.     

Thermal flow simulation of twin-roll casting magnesium alloy

In order to better understand twin-roll casting process, a 3D finite element method (FEM) simulation was carried out, based on the conditions of the pilot vertical twin-roll caster, to study the thermal flow and solidification behavior in the twin-roll casting process. The simulation results show that non-uniform temperature and velocity distribution near the side dam region are the main reason for causing non-uniform solidification and non-uniform deformation along the cast sheet width. Therefore, it is necessary to preheat the side dams or improve the design of nozzle to compensate the effect of side dams on the casting process. High quality magnesium sheets have been cast after improved the casting devices.     

显式有限元法在车辆耐撞性研究中的应用

基于连续介质理论，通过建立车辆碰撞的控制方程，在此基础上得到与控制方程和边界条件等效的“弱积分”形式。通过空间和时间的显式离散，得到了车辆碰撞的有限元方程。采用动力显式积分方法，使位移计算显式化，避免了由材料、几何、边界高度非线性因素引起的计算收敛问题，并讨论了薄板单元的Courant稳定性条件。提出了“端部吸能结构纵向压缩变形、纵向吸能”的耐冲击结构设计的思路，并对算例进行了数值模拟。结果表明，该设计方法可以实现车辆结构自身被动安全保护的目的，显式有限元数值模拟方法是车辆耐撞性研究的有效方法之一，但是需要进行部分撞击试验，进一步修正模型后提高其分析精度。     

表面不平顺对轮轨摩擦温度场的影响

为揭示轮轨表面破坏与摩擦温升的内在联系,利用有限元和有限差分混合算法,建立了轮轨滚动接触热耦合计算模型,模拟轮轨滚动、滑动接触温升过程。模型中考虑了轮轨间非稳态热传导、与环境的热对流、热辐射,针对轮轨光滑和不平顺两种接触表面情形,分析了滚动、滑动工况下轮轨界面问的摩擦温升状态。计算结果表明轮轨表面不平顺能使经历短时间滑动的轮轨表面倾向于产生宽点状剥离,长时间滑动与滚动工况下表面不平顺对温度场的影响可忽略,滑动工况的温升较滚动工况的大。     

轮轨摩擦耦合热弹性有限元分析模型

基于伽辽金变分原理,利用有限元方法,建立了轮轨摩擦耦合热弹性有限元分析模型,分析了轮轨摩擦热与钢轨接触区热膨胀位移、摩擦温度、应变和应力的关系。模型中温度场和位移场由耦合方程同时求解,但没有考虑惯性项和材料阻尼的影响。分析结果表明:耦合求解的温度场和位移场与非耦合求解的温度场和位移场的计算结果一致,钢轨表面各点滑动位移的方向与车轮滑动方向一致,垂向位移方向先负后正;钢轨表面各节点进入接触区后,温度快速上升,但高温持续时间短;在滑动方向上,钢轨接触点先受压应变后受拉应变作用,垂向受拉应变作用,滑动方向压应力明显高于垂向压应力,钢轨接触斑前后节点滑动方向应变符号相反;垂向高正应变区主要集中分布在接触斑后半轴上,最大剪应变与剪应力区在接触表层以下。     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of splat formation on substrates in plasma spraying

Plasma sprayed coatings are built up by the accumulation of splats formed by the impacting, spreading and solidifying of molten droplets on the substrate. A three-dimensional computational model including heat transfer and solidification is established to simulate the formation process of a single splat using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, FLUENT. The fluid flow and energy equations are discretized and solved according to typical finite volume method on an unstructured grid. A volume of fluid (VOF) tracking algorithm is used to track the droplet flow with free surface. In order to understand the splat formation mechanism, the process of splat formation caused by impacting and spreading of a molten nickel droplet on a polished mild steel surface is simulated. On this basis, the simulations of impact of a molten droplet on substrate with different conditions including the surface morphology, thermal conductivity, initial temperature of the substrate and the thermal contact resistance are presented. The results clearly show the effect of those parameters on the shape of the final splat and splash behaviors.     

热反射涂层路面温度场模型建立与分析

基于传热学及气象学原理,采用有限元软件ANSYS CFX建模分析热反射涂层路面、普通沥青路面、水泥路面等3种路面的温度场,表明反射率越高,路面表面温度越低;反射率为51%的热反射涂层路面较沥青路面和水泥路面最大降温值分别为9℃和3℃。同时对这3种路面温度进行了实测验证,理论分析与实测结果基本一致。