低碳经济背景下公路交通运输经济发展研究

公路运输行业存在高耗能、高污染、高碳排放量等不足,在推动社会经济发展、加强区域联系的同时也带来了一定的环境问题。为推动公路运输行业向低碳、节能、环保的方向转型,以低碳经济作为切入点,分析低碳经济背景下公路交通运输经济的理论基础,剖析我国公路交通运输经济发展期间存在的突出问题。在此基础上,围绕相关问题阐述具体的发展路径,为低碳经济背景下公路交通运输经济的发展提供参考,以期促进公路运输领域实现经济增长与环境保护的双重目标。     

论公路交通与西部经济发展的关系

通过分析公路交通在现代运输方式中的骨干作用,以及全国公路运输需求持续增长的趋势,综合考虑西部自身条件,指出了公路交通在西部大开发中的主导性地位.同时,从交通运输对区域经济影响的角度出发,主要依据交通经济带的形成机理,论述了公路交通对西部经济发展的重大引导作用及意义.     

公路交通物流运输对区域经济发展的影响分析

探讨公路交通物流运输对区域经济的影响,分析其在资源配置、产业结构和就业环境方面的作用。首先,发达的公路交通物流体系能够提高区域资源配置效率,促进产业转型升级和产业集群形成;其次,完善的交通系统可以推动区域产业结构的升级,可以培育出战略性新兴产业,并促进传统产业的转型;最后,发达的交通物流体系能够拓宽区域就业渠道,优化就业结构,提高就业的弹性。认为加强公路交通物流建设,提升运输效率和服务质量,会进一步推动区域经济可持续、健康发展。     

低碳经济背景下公路交通运输经济发展趋势研究

为实现公路交通运输经济的可持续发展,从优化交通结构、发展绿色交通技术、推进能源结构调整等方面分析低碳经济背景下公路交通运输经济发展趋势。在此基础上,提出低碳经济背景下公路交通运输经济的发展路径,包括建设绿色基础设施,促进资源循环利用;培育绿色物流企业,提升服务水平;建立碳排放管理体系,实现可持续发展等,以供参考。     

加快江西公路交通运输发展的对策

本文对江西公路交通运输发展现状、与中部省份比较存在的主要问题进行了分析,对江西公路交通运输发展滞后的原因进行了探讨,从加快公路交通运输生产布局调整、加强公路养护与维护、努力提高运输生产效率与效益等诸多方面提出了加快江西公路交通运输发展的对策建议。     

福建省公路交通运输发展区域分异及对策研究

本文以各设区市为对象.从基础设施、运输服务、支持保障和运输效率等四方面建立了福建省公路交通运输发展区域分异指标体系,利用主成分和聚类等分析方法.对全省公路交通运输发展的区域分异进行了量化分析,并通过公路交通运输发展综合值的计算,判断各设区市的总体发展水平,提炼并总结福建公路交通运输发展的空间地域分异特征.进而提出相应发...     

新疆公路交通运输对新型城镇化发展的影响研究

本文以新疆公路交通发展为切入点,结合新疆新型城镇化发展变化过程,研究分析公路交通对新型城镇化发展带来的影响作用,为未来新型城镇化的进一步发展,从公路交通运输的角度提出意见建议。     

加快发展综合运输步伐

经过“十一五”期间的五年发展，山东省公路交通运输已总体适应山东省经济社会发展需求，为十二五期公路交通运输构建大路网体系、大物流体系、公共服务体系、“四化”管理体系奠定了坚实的基础，也为该省加快发展综合运输创造了基本条件。     

基于"互联网+"新形势下治超体系的建立

近年来,随着我国社会经济和道路运输飞速发展,公路货运车辆超限超载运输问题也日渐突出,公路货运超限超载已成为危害公路交通可持续发展的"痼疾"。随着科学技术的发展,治超工作增添了很多新手段、新方法,"互联网+"正在改变传统的业务管理模式。本文通过从问题导向出发,从顶层设计入手,建立多部门、跨区域联合的综合治理、系统治理的长效机制。     

通江达海 路港联运以交通优势营造区域经济发展新优势——广西壮族自治区玉林市交通局

作为广西北部湾经济区“4＋2”成员，玉林市交通物流被先期纳入国家批准实施的《广西北部湾经济区发展规划》进行开放开发。面对千载难逢的机遇，玉林市交通局全力以赴做好大交通、大物流这篇文章，以交通优势营造区域经济发展新优势，掀起新一轮交通建设高潮。进一步完善发展规划。根据《广西北部湾经济区发展规划》和玉林市科学发展三年计划，加快推进“十一五”规划实施。同时，对玉林市交通发展规划进行修编完善，做好项目计划的调整工作，将一批对全市经济社会影响重大的项目提前列入规划，将一批急需建设的重大项目提前实施。     

Contractual PPPs for Transport Infrastructure in Spain: Lessons from the Economic Recession

In this paper, we analyse the successes and failures of contractual public-private partnerships (PPPs) for delivering and operating transport infrastructure in Spain from the award of the first toll highway concession programme to the present. To that end, we show the risk allocation principles used in Spain and explore the evolution of the contracting approaches over the years. We found that the performance was reasonably good until the arrival of the economic crisis in 2008. Taking advantage of that, we make a review of contractual PPPs for different transport modes and assess the impact that the economic crisis has had on their business performance and the capacity of the central and regional governments to fulfil their commitments with the private sector. This analysis enabled us to identify measures that, if had been applied, would have improved the resilience of these contract during the economic crisis.     

Transport in Brasilia: the limits of aesthetics

The idea of moving the capital of the country from the coast to Brazil's vast but isolated interior goes back nearly two centuries. The basic motivation was to encourage construction of a national highway system, which in turn would encourage economic development of the interior and reduce regional disparities. The construction of Brasilia was an integral part of President Kubitschek's national development programme in the late 1950s, accompanied by expansion and sophistication of the energy, steel, automotive and road building industries. By 1975, highway transport times and costs had been reduced to some 20–26% of their former levels in most regions, with the Central‐West, where Brasilia is located, being the area with the greatest cost reductions. Despite the success of this development package, Brasilia's transport system has been less successful on a local and regional basis. Most of the problems within the city proper (the Pilot Plan), are due to the excessive emphasis on facilitating car traffic to the disadvantage of buses and non‐motorized traffic, while there are no local rail services. The regional transport problem stems from the location of the satellite cities far from the Pilot Plan, forcing low‐income bus riders to spend 3–4 hours daily in transit and up to 30% of the minimum wage on the journey to work. Improvements depend on institutional and policy changes affecting locational patterns, demand peaks and modal split.     

高铁时代下广西道路客运企业面临的机遇与挑战探析

文章从高铁时代下高铁运输对传统道路运输的冲击入手,结合区域经济发展情况,分析道路运输企业所面临的挑战和发展机遇,探讨了高铁与道路客运的优劣性,提出道路客运企业应对挑战、走出困境、持续发展的对策。     

Has the transport-led economic growth effect reached a peak in China? A panel threshold regression approach

Using China’s province-level panel data from 1987 to 2010, this study explores the optimal level of transport infrastructure accumulation maximizing the growth rate. We investigate under what circumstances can additional transportation infrastructure capacity positively affect economic growth, based on panel threshold regression models. Our empirical findings suggest that there is a non-monotonic relationship between the stock of transport infrastructure and the long-run growth rate. The magnitude of transport-led economic growth effect significantly depends on the level of the existing transport network. The empirical results identify two endogenous cut-off points of efficiency of transport-led economic growth effect. When the highway network density is lower than 0.17 km/km², an insignificant positive relationship between highway infrastructure accumulation and economic growth was found. When the highway density is estimated between 0.17 and 0.38 km/km² or higher than 0.38 km/km², expanding the highway network has a significant positive effect on economic growth, but the magnitude of the impact is weaker in the latter, with the estimated coefficients equal to 0.23 and 0.09 respectively. Although China still enjoys a positive economic growth effect led by building more large-scale highway infrastructure, the magnitude of the effects of most provinces in China has already passed the saturation point and continuously expanding the highway network is not very productive.     

小件快运中的最短运输时间问题

小件快运经过多年的发展,已经成为公路客运一个新的经济增长点,越来越多的公路客运企业和汽车客运站加入到经营小件快运的行列,小件快运也逐渐由单个企业的独立运营发展到多个企业联合的网络化运营。对中转运输中多条运输线路进行分析,得到最短运输时间线路,从而提高运输效率。     

玉林市农村公路路面基层材料试验分析

文章结合玉林市农村公路建设实际,对玉林七个县市区山砂的性能进行试验分析,所得结论为农村公路路面基层材料的选择提供参考,同时针对农村公路建设特点阐述了农村公路路面基层材料使用中应注意的问题。     

A dynamic modeling approach to investigate impacts to protected and low-income populations in highway planning

Environmental justice (EJ) assessment has traditionally focused on identifying distributive effects to protected populations. Federal and State highway improvement programs have been established to stimulate economic development for these populations. While this issue has long been recognized as part of EJ initiatives, no quantitative comparisons of highway construction impacts on protected populations have been reported in the literature. This paper presents a dynamic modeling approach to investigate impacts to protected and low-Income populations in highway planning using an integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs) optimization framework. Using census and county level parcel data, the model integrates various socioeconomic factors into a GIS while generating highway alignments using GAs. Examples using county level census data from North Carolina are demonstrated to test the sensitivity of generated highway alignments with constrained distances from protected populations. The results indicate that it is important to consider local social and economic effects, in addition to regional planning objectives when measuring the effectiveness of feasibility studies associated with highway construction. Within the proposed modeling framework attention is directed on various EJ initiatives, such as environmental health and safety laws in minority and low-income areas. The model would help planners, designers, and policy-makers understand the intricate interrelationships among local communities, while facilitating more scientific and economically equitable planning for highway construction projects.     

The Downs–Thomson Paradox with responsive transit service

Downs (1962) and Thomson (1977) suggested that highway capacity expansion may produce counterproductive effects on the two-mode (auto and transit) transport system (Downs–Thomson Paradox). This paper investigates the occurrence of this paradox when transit authority can have different economic objectives (profit-maximizing or breakeven) and operating schemes (frequency, fare, or both frequency and fare). For various combinations of economic objectives and operating schemes, the interaction between highway expansion and transit service is explored, as well as its impact on travelers’ mode choices and travel utilities. Further, for each combination, the conditions for occurrence of the Downs–Thomson Paradox are established. We show that the paradox never occurs when transit authority is profit-maximizing, but it is inevitable when the transit authority is running to maximize travelers’ utility while maintaining breakeven. This is because the former transit authority tends to enhance transit service (e.g., raise frequency or reduce fare) when facing an expanded highway; and on the contrary, the latter tends to compromise transit service (e.g., reduce frequency or raise fare). Both analytical and numerical examples are provided to verify the theoretical results.     

公路工程钢筋区域化集中加工发展模式分析

首先分析了公路工程建设模式的发展趋势对钢筋加工的新需求,提出可采用区域化集中加工的公路工程钢筋加工发展模式。结合对典型施工单位的调研,进行了现有公路工程现有钢筋加工厂有效生产时间、有效生产时间内钢筋加工厂的生产能力情况、钢筋加工厂用地指标、钢筋加工厂用电能耗指标、钢筋加工厂其他能耗指标等方面的调研。从调研结果可见,区域化钢筋集中加工存在比各标段自建钢筋加工厂的合理性,在条件适宜的前提下,将各标段自建钢筋加工厂转化为区域化钢筋集中加工厂是合理、可行的。在此基础上,探讨了公路工程区域性钢筋集中加工的主要实施模式以及各模式的特点及优势。     

Efficiency of European Funds in the Accession Countries: The Case of Transport Infrastructure Investments in Latvia

ABSTRACT

A transport initiative, like any kind of public action, has an impact on the monetary cost, time cost, efficiency and comfort of the transportation of goods and people, in particular transport infrastructure investments. All such initiatives are subject to cost benefit analyses at the national and EU level to know whether the present value of total net benefits including environmental impacts exceeds their cost. However, several important policy issues remain unresolved in standard evaluation procedures. One issue is whether the so-called direct measurement of user benefit, which consists of quantifying changes in surplus of the users of the transport system, captures all welfare generated in the economy. Another issue is how the gains (or possibly losses) of a transport initiative are distributed among regions. The aim of this article is to perform a systematic and quantitative analysis of the socio-economic and spatial impacts of alternative transport investments by carrying out scenario simulations in order to improve the understanding of the impact of transportation policies on the short- and long-term spatial development in Latvia. The general result from the scenario simulations is that rail projects seem to be more effective in terms of promoting regional economic activity than road projects.