三部委加快推广高速公路联网ETC

交通运输部和国家发改委、财政部联合出台（《关于促进高速公路应用联网电子不停车收费技术的若干意见》（简称《意见》），决定在基本具备条件的省（区、市）和区域加快推广应用高速公路联网电子不停车收费（ETC），逐步形成跨省区联网的收费格局。     

高速公路应用ETC技术的经济社会效益评析

本文对高速公路应用联网电子不停车收费技术(ETC)的经济效益和社会效益分别进行了评析。     

道路运输

三部委推广高速公路联网ETC 日前，交通运输部和国家发改委、财政部联合出台《关于促进高速公路应用联网电子不停车收费技术的若干意见》（简称《意见》），决定在基本具备条件的省（区、市）和区域加快推广应用高速公路联网电子不停车收费（ETC），逐步形成跨省区联网的收费格局，并加快形成规模化应用和产业链，     

综合信息

2015年年底前全国基本实现电子不停车收费 日前，交通运输部在召开的全国高速公路电子不停车收费联网工作推进会上，确定了在2014年年底前，北京等14省市实现ETC（电子不停车收费）联网运行；在2015年年底前，将基本实现全国所有省区市的ETC联网运行。     

ETC关键技术在山东高速公路中的实施

通过对国内外电子不停车收费系统(ETC)关键技术的介绍,说明了ETC在高速公路上的应用价值,同时对不停车收费在山东省高速公路的实施进行了技术上的选择和探讨.     

西部交通建设

<正>广西高速公路ETC实现全国联网9月28日,交通运输部召开全国ETC联网电视电话会议,交通运输部部长杨传堂在会上宣布,内蒙古、黑龙江、广西、新疆四省区成功加入高速公路电子不停车收费(ETC)网,全国ETC联网目标圆满完成。这标志着广西高速公路ETC正式与全国ETC联网试运行,即日起,持ETC支付卡的广西用户,开车到全国已联网的省(市、自治区)通行高速公路ETC车道可实现不停车缴费。据悉,截至9月27日,广西已建成126个ETC收费站,254条ETC车     

ETC走进停车场 “互联网+停车”布局汽车后市场

<正>今年6月初,京津冀三地发布了首批区域协同地方标准,其中《电子不停车收费系统路侧单元应用技术规范》,此规范已于7月1日正式实施。事实上,ETC不停车收费系统不仅应用于高速公路,同样也可以在停车场发挥作用,目前许多城市都已将"互联网+停车"智能模式引入汽车后市场。     

ETC全国联网蓄势待发

在2014年底前，北京等14省市实现高速公路电子不停车收费（ETC）联网运行；在2015年底前，将基本实现全国所有省区市的ETC联网运行。这是记者从6月9日交通运输部召开的全国高速公路电子不停车收费联网工作推进会上获悉的。     

高速公路ETC系统建设关键设备质量控制

随着我国经济飞速发展,高速公路通行车辆也成快速增长态势,不停车电子收费系统(ETC)建设成为了高速公路收费系统建设的重点和热点。目前,我国沿海发达地区不停车收费系统(ETC)已经大量投人使用,但我国尚无完整的相关系统建设质量控制标准及方法,因此,不停车收费系统建设质量控制也成为了研究热点,本文通过对ETC系统特点、相关标准法规及检测设备及其关键的研究,提出了一种ETC系统建设质量控制方法,通过云南省已投入使用的ETC系统设备部分指标检测实例,达到了相应的效果。     

高速公路ETC密钥管理系统研究

密钥管理系统(KMS)是电子不停车收费系统(ETC)中的一个关键子系统。文章介绍了密钥管理系统的加密算法、功能需求、程序执行过程、结构设计及软件模块,阐述了密钥管理系统的编程开发与应用情况。     

实行计重收费,促进广西高速公路和谐发展

文章通过目前广西高速公路现行收费模式,提出了实行计重收费,改变车辆由人工判别车型的收费方式,克服空车、重车及超载超限车仍按同一标准收费的弊端,同时对实行计重收费模式应注意的问题提出了相关建议。     

实行计重收费后交通量变化的原因与对策

文章针对广西高速公路实行计重收费后交通量、通行费收入的变化情况,分析了高速公路通行费收入变化的特点与原因,提出了应对高速公路交通量流失的对策和方法。     

远程控制在公路收费系统中的应用

近年来,广西壮族自治区高速公路发展迅速,通车里程已达1400多公里,并且全部实现了电脑联网"一卡通"收费。随着收费站点的增多,收费终端计算机已经快达到600台,收费系统的升级和日常维护工作日显突出。文章介绍了远程控制技术在广西高速公路收费系统中的应用情况。     

Time-dependent congestion pricing system for large networks: Integrating departure time choice,dynamic traffic assignment and regional travel surveys in the Greater Toronto Area

Congestion pricing is one of the widely contemplated methods to manage traffic congestion. The purpose of congestion pricing is to manage traffic demand generation and supply allocation by charging fees (i.e., tolling) for the use of certain roads in order to distribute traffic demand more evenly over time and space. This study presents a framework for large-scale variable congestion pricing policy determination and evaluation. The proposed framework integrates departure time choice and route choice models within a regional dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) simulation environment. The framework addresses the impact of tolling on: (1) road traffic congestion (supply side), and (2) travelers’ choice dimensions including departure time and route choices (demand side). The framework is applied to a simulation-based case study of tolling a major freeway in Toronto while capturing the regional effects across the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The models are developed and calibrated using regional household travel survey data that reflect the heterogeneity of travelers’ attributes. The DTA model is calibrated using actual traffic counts from the Ontario Ministry of Transportation and the City of Toronto. The case study examined two tolling scenarios: flat and variable tolling. The results indicate that: (1) more benefits are attained from variable pricing, that mirrors temporal congestion patterns, due to departure time rescheduling as opposed to predominantly re-routing only in the case of flat tolling, (2) widespread spatial and temporal re-distributions of traffic demand are observed across the regional network in response to tolling a significant, yet relatively short, expressway serving Downtown Toronto, and (3) flat tolling causes major and counterproductive rerouting patterns during peak hours, which was observed to block access to the tolled facility itself.     

海事基层使用非税收系统的问题探讨

文章基于海事基层费收业务的特点,结合海事非税收入信息管理系统的使用情况,分析了海事收费系统存在的问题,并提出了完善该系统的建议,同时总结了该系统的便利操作经验。     

Auction-based tolling systems in a connected and automated vehicles environment: Public opinion and implications for toll revenue and capacity utilization

Autonomous and connected vehicles are expected to enable new tolling mechanisms, such as auction-based tolls, for allocating the limited roadway capacity. This research examines the public perception of futuristic auction-based tolling systems, with a focus on the public acceptance of such systems over current tolling practices on highways (e.g., dynamic and fixed tolling methodologies). Through a stated-preference survey, responses from 159 road-users residing in Virginia are elicited to understand route choice behavior under a descending price auction implemented on a hypothetical two-route network. Analysis of the survey data shows that there is no outright rejection of the presented auction-based tolling among those who are familiar with the current tolling methods. While males strongly support the new method, no clear pattern emerges among other demographic variables such as income and education level, and age. While high income respondents and regular commuters are more likely to pay higher tolls, no statistical significance between different genders, age groups, household sizes, and education levels is found. Based on the modeling results and the hypothetical road network, it is found that descending price tolling method yields higher average toll rates, and generates at least 70% more revenue when travel time saving is 30 min, and improves capacity utilization of the toll road significantly compared to fixed tolls.     

交通系统有大脑

如何让城市交通变得更智慧,如何缓解日益严重的交通拥堵问题,瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩市为此做出了典范式的解答。该市通过设计出一套行之有效的拥堵税征收方案和交通收费系统,成功解决了交通拥堵难题,实现了城市交通系统的智能化。     

Congestion tolling in the bottleneck model with heterogeneous values of time

When analysing the effects of transport policies it is important to adequately control for heterogeneity: previous studies note that ignoring heterogeneity biases the estimated welfare effects of tolling. This paper examines the effects of tolling, in a bottleneck model, with a continuously distributed value of time. With homogeneous users, first-best public tolling has no effect on prices. With heterogeneity it does: low values of time lose, and high values of time gain. The average congestion externality decreases with the heterogeneity in the value of time. Consequently, the welfare gain of first-best tolling also decreases. The more heterogeneous the value of time is, the lower the relative efficiency of a public pay-lane. This finding contrasts with the previous literature. Earlier studies, using static flow congestion, conclude that the relative efficiency increases with this type of heterogeneity. With more heterogeneity in the value of time, the relative efficiency of a private pay-lane is also lower, while that of a public time-invariant toll is higher. Our results suggest that the welfare gains of different tolling schemes are affected differently by heterogeneity. Further, the impact of heterogeneity on the effects of a policy also depends on the type of congestion considered.     

Public perceptions of toll roads: A survey of the Texas perspective

Like many U.S. states, Texas is experiencing shortfalls in transportation funding, along with growing needs for system improvements. Accordingly, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is turning to tolling to bridge the funding gap. To assist planning efforts and effectively direct public information, a telephone survey of 2111 Texans was undertaken statewide to gauge public opinion on tolling issues.Some issues yielded a definite consensus among survey respondents. Over 70% agreed on attending to existing roads first, keeping existing roads toll-free, reducing tolls after construction, using revenues within the same region, charging higher tolls for trucks, not imposing SOV tolls, and maintaining the same toll rates during rush-hours. Some opinions varied by region. Austinites were more likely to support additional transportation spending, while residents of the Lower Rio Grande Valley were less supportive of raising the gas tax and of public/private partnerships. Opinions also varied with survey design. In eight places in the survey, optional text was provided or question order was modified to intentionally influence response. For two questions, support for tolling was decreased when information on personal transportation costs and higher gas tax rates in other states was offered. Ordered probit and binomial and multinomial logit models were estimated to assess the impact of demographic and travel characteristics on respondent opinions, and results for key issues are presented here. Opinions across demographic groups also were examined. The survey was successful at measuring opinions on several key tolling issues and should prove a useful tool for transportation planners and policymakers.     

Step-tolling with price-sensitive demand: Why more steps in the toll make the consumer better off

Most dynamic models of congestion pricing use fully time-variant tolls. However, in practice, tolls are uniform over the day, or at most have just a few steps. Such uniform and step tolls have received surprisingly little attention from the literature. Moreover, most models that do study them assume that demand is insensitive to the price. This seems an empirically questionable assumption that, as this paper finds, strongly affects the implications of step tolling for the consumer. In the bottleneck model, first-best tolling has no effect on the generalised price, and thus consumer surplus remains the same as without tolling. Conversely, under price-sensitive demand, step tolling increases the price, making the consumer worse off. The more steps the toll has, the closer it approximates the first-best toll, thereby increasing the welfare gain and making consumers better off. This indicates the importance for real-world tolls to have as many steps as possible: this not only raises welfare, but may also increase the political acceptability of the scheme by making consumers better off.