双层交错多孔喷嘴喷雾特性仿真与试验研究

本文中采用高速摄影和图像处理技术,研究了双层交错多孔喷嘴的喷雾特性,获取了喷雾的特性参数,对比了双层交错多孔喷嘴与传统单层喷嘴的喷雾贯穿距和喷雾锥角。结果表明,双层交错多孔喷嘴喷雾贯穿距较短、喷雾锥角较大。同时建立了与定容室内喷雾发展过程的仿真模型并进行了仿真,双层交错多孔喷嘴喷雾贯穿距的仿真结果与试验数据很接近,验证了所建模型的准确性。     

柴油机喷雾撞壁的研究

综述了柴油机喷雾撞壁雾化的研究现状和发展 ,对柴油机撞壁雾化的撞壁模型及模拟、喷雾撞壁的特征、壁面温度对撞壁雾化的影响以及液膜的形成和流动等进行了全面的论述 ,介绍了一个燃烧系统设计的新概念 ,并指出了进一步研究的方向     

正丁醇-柴油混合燃料喷雾特性的模拟研究

根据喷雾可视化试验的结果,利用三维CFD软件建立了正丁醇柴油喷雾的仿真模型,并验证了模型的准确性。利用该模型研究正丁醇柴油混合燃料的喷雾特性,模拟了喷雾的发展过程,计算了不同掺混比对喷雾贯穿距、液滴索特平均直径、速度场、密度场的影响。结果表明:模拟计算与可视化试验结果基本一致;随着正丁醇掺混比的增加,混合燃料的喷雾贯穿距和索特平均直径均降低,喷雾锥角变大,雾化特性变好。     

KIVA燃油喷雾多维模型的研究

KIVA程序是一功能比较齐全的内燃机缸内过程模拟数值计算的大型程序，它代表了目前多维模型的最新进展。本文论述了KIVA程序中喷雾模型的发展历程和进展，最后指出了燃油喷雾多维模型研究的发展趋向。     

汽油高压旋流喷雾的数值模拟和试验研究

建立了GDI的汽油喷雾和混合气形成的数值模型，对不同喷油压力、燃烧室背压对静态喷雾的影响做了数值模拟，并利用CCD相机在定容燃烧弹中对GDI发动机高压旋流喷油器产生的喷雾作了高速摄影，通过与模拟计算结果的对比，分析了汽油高压旋流喷雾的发展过程。     

发动机内部流场研究

先进的研究方法将加速产品的开发进度。本文概述了国外用于柴油发动机、汽油发动机喷雾的理论与试验研究方法的发展新动向,其中包括可提高逼真度的低压喷流雾化(LPB)模型。这种模型更适用于汽车、摩托车的汽油发动机燃烧室混合物分层研究。而在试验方法方面则着重介绍了激光测试在喷雾特性上的研究应用,特别是光学图像仪对雾化器的快速表征。     

闪急沸腾喷雾研究的现状与展望

阐述了闪急沸腾喷雾的基本原理,通过比较分析闪急沸腾喷雾与传统喷雾的差异,指出闪急沸腾喷雾是一种极具潜力的燃油喷射方式;论述了近年来国内外对过热燃油和溶气燃油闪急沸腾喷雾研究的进展与现状,介绍了过热液体闪急沸腾喷雾的数学模型及其发展,并从理论上分析了影响闪急沸腾喷雾的因素;展望了闪急沸腾喷雾的应用前景以及进一步研究的发展方向。     

甲醇与汽油混合气形成的可视化试验与数值模拟

为了研究甲醇的喷雾碰壁及混合气形成特性,搭建了定容燃烧弹装置,对甲醇和汽油的喷雾特性进行了可视化研究,同时采集压力以分析喷雾碰壁飞溅后的蒸发及油膜蒸发特性,并对数值模拟中的喷雾模型进行了标定,在此基础上利用CFD软件在某一进气道喷射发动机燃烧系统模型上分别对甲醇和汽油混合气形成过程的喷雾碰壁,液滴、油膜的发展及混合气浓度分布进行了模拟分析和对比,为发动机燃用甲醇的性能变化及所需调整提供了理论依据。     

基于仿真的缸内直喷汽油机燃烧系统的开发与改进

以某款采用均质混合气燃烧模式的缸内直喷汽油机燃烧系统的开发为例,介绍了CFD技术在喷雾模拟中的应用.首先对喷油器的喷雾模型进行试验标定,然后将标定好的模型应用到缸内瞬态流动和喷雾仿真中.对最大转矩点(1 800r/min)和额定功率点(5 500r/min)两种工况下的缸内流场、混合气形成过程和点火时刻的浓度分布进行详...     

高压共轨柴油机燃烧与排放模型的研究

利用高速闪光摄影技术,对高压喷射喷雾体空间发展规律进行了试验分析,提出了一个计算高压喷射喷雾体发展的数学公式;在正确描述高压燃油喷雾的基础上,建立了一个能预测高压共轨柴油机性能和排放的准维燃烧模型,此模型改进了燃油喷射模型及碳烟的生成与氧化模型,考虑到燃烧区的区间传热和缸内工质的对流辐射传热,对一台高压共轨柴油机进行了仿真计算。计算与试验结果对比分析表明,改进后的燃烧与排放模型能较好地反映缸内各区的燃烧与排放情况。     

柴油机高压及微孔径下燃油雾化特性的数值研究(Ⅱ)——湍流模型对燃烧的影响

为了有效模拟燃油燃烧过程,向计算流体力学平台KIVA-3V中加入了大涡模拟程序,同时耦合了化学反应动力学软件Chemkin,建立了喷雾燃烧过程的大涡模拟燃烧平台。研究了在高压和微孔径条件下两种湍流模型对燃油雾化燃烧过程的影响,同时对1台Caterpillar 3401重型柴油发动机缸内燃油喷雾燃烧过程进行了数值研究。结果显示,大涡模拟得到的燃油的燃烧过程与试验结果较为接近,燃烧温度分布及缸内压力变化趋势都要好于雷诺平均模型。     

One-dimensional model on fuel penetration in diesel sprays with gas flow

In diesel engine, spray penetration is usually changed by in-cylinder gas flow. Accurate prediction on diesel spray with gas flow is important to the optimal design of diesel fuel injection system. This paper presents a theory investigation focusing on the penetration of diesel spray with gas flow. In order to understand the effect of gas flow on the penetration of diesel spray, a one-dimensional spray model is developed from an idealized diesel spray, which is able to predict the spray behavior under different gas flow conditions. The ambient gas flow is simplified as ideal flow that has only constant flow velocity along x-axial and y-axial directions of spray. The x-axial and y-axial directions are respectively defined as along and vertical spray directions. The main assumption is that the y-axial direction gas flow has no effect on the penetration of spray along x-axial direction. The principles of conservation of mass and momentum are used in the derivation. Momentum of in-cylinder air flow is also taken into consideration. Validation of the model at stable condition is achieved by comparing model predictions with experimental measurements of diesel spray without gas flow from Naber's experiments. Furthermore, CFD simulations on penetration of diesel spray with gas flow were performed with the commercial code AVL-fire. The onedimensional model is validated by the penetration results with gas flow from CFD calculation. Results show that a reasonable estimation of the spray evolution can be obtained for both with and without ambient gas flow conditions.     

利用高速摄影研究二甲基醚的喷雾特性

本文利用高速摄影技术在定容压力室中，通过6孔电磁喷射器，研究了二甲基醚（DME）的喷雾特性。结果表明，二甲基醚的喷雾射程随着定容压力室内气体压力的增加而减少；喷雾锥角则随和的升高而增大，在相同的条件下，二甲基 喷射锥角大于 喷射锥角；喷雾射程则低于柴油的喷雾射程。Hiroyasu喷雾射程的计算模型，通过适当的系数修正可以用于DME喷雾射程预测，由于DME喷雾射程和着火延迟期都比柴油短，在屐机缸内着火时刻，柴油的喷雾射程约为DME的2倍，从高速摄影的喷雾影像中可以清楚的看到，DME的蒸发速度明显比柴油快。     

多孔引燃柴油喷射器瞬态柴油初始喷雾过程模拟计算

采用模拟计算的方法对多孔引燃柴油喷射器瞬态柴油初始喷雾过程进行了研究,并利用纹影试验结果对计算模型进行了验证。研究结果表明,KHRT模型对多孔引燃柴油喷射器柴油初始喷雾的贯穿距和喷雾形状的预测与试验结果均较为吻合;柴油初始喷雾贯穿距随背压升高而减小,随环境温度的升高而增大;索特平均直径随背压的升高而降低,随环境温度的升高而增加;喷雾锥角随背压的升高而增大,随环境温度的升高而减小;因此背压较小,环境温度较低时柴油的引燃可靠性较高。     

柴油机高压及微孔径下燃油雾化特性的数值研究(Ⅰ)——模型参数的选取

为了更精确模拟燃油雾化过程,探求适合超高压及微孔径下的燃油雾化模型,向计算流体力学平台KI-VA-3V中加入了大涡模拟程序及相应的雾化模型,数值研究了在超高压和微孔径条件下不同雾化参数对燃油雾化蒸发过程的影响.结果显示,破碎时间常数B1值对液相和蒸气相浓度有着重要影响,且对不同的湍流模型影响程度不同;随着B1的增加,喷...     

Phenomenological two-phase multi-zone combustion model for direct-injection diesel engines

This paper proposed a quasi-dimensional combustion model from a new observed two-phase penetration and combustion phenomenon in diesel spray. In the model, fuel spray was divided into two of liquid and gas phase areas. Considering the phenomenon that separation of gas and liquid phase in diesel spray occurs during spray penetration, gas and liquid area of spray are discretized respectively. Liquid phase areas play important role in fuel mass transport, however gas phase areas are the main region for fuel combustion in the model. Fuel and air mixing rate of gas phase zone is the key for the calculation of combustion rate. Validation experiments are designed by using optimal Latin hypercube design method. Comparison of calculations and experiments show that the model is able to predict diesel engine performance at different engine speeds, loads, and injection pressure and timing, and provides guidance for the design of engines.     

Influence of nozzle hole diameter and orifice diameter on dme spray to get the similar heat value with diesel spray using the constant volume chamber

Low heating value (LHV) of di-methyl ether (DME) is lower than that of diesel. To get the similar heat value with diesel from the diesel engine operation, single injection quantity of DME should be increased. This investigation was tried to increase the injection quantity of DME by the modified diesel injector and investigated the penetration length and spray angle of DME spray. DME was injected by using three-type modified diesel injectors those nozzle-hole diameters (Injector 1: 1.66 mm, Injector 2 and 3: 0.25 mm) and orifice diameters were different (Injector 1 and 2: 0.6 mm, Injector 3: 1 mm). Spray characteristics of DME was investigated with a various ambient pressures (2.5, 5.0 MPa) in the constant volume chamber and a fuel was injected by varied injection pressure from 35 to 70 MPa by interval of 5 MPa using a DME common rail fuel injection system. The result shows that DME injection quantity by Injector 3 was 1.69 ~ 2.02 times larger than that of diesel injection quantity by Injector 1. In this case, DME spray got the similar heat value compared with diesel spray. The penetration speed of DME spray by Injector 3 was the fastest, thus when the spray development was end, the penetration length of DME spray by Injector 3 was the longest compared with the other cases. In case of the spray angle, Injector 2 and 3 had the similar spray angle and these were larger than that of diesel and DME sprays by Injector 1. As the result, Injector 3 was the solution for how to solve the low heating value of DME.     

特种车辆柴油机在不同海拔高度的性能预测与分析

以Hiroyasu喷雾和燃烧模型为基础,建立了适应不同海拔环境的特种车辆增压柴油机模型,并利用平原台架试验和海拔3 700 m实车试验对计算结果进行了验证。计算了该柴油机在0～5 000 m海拔实际运行时的动力性、经济性和排放性,预测了不同环境下柴油机热负荷、机械负荷主要参数的变化规律。结果表明,当海拔高度为5 000 m时,柴油机动力性、经济性比平原恶化10%以上;柴油机缸内燃烧温度峰值上升235℃以上,涡前排气温度最多增加150℃左右;最大压升率比平原升高15%以上,NOx排放减少,碳烟排放剧增。     

发动机燃用水乳化柴油的研究进展

综述了柴油机燃用水乳化柴油的燃烧与喷雾特性、动力性与经济性及排放特性,对比分析了发动机燃用水乳化柴油与普通柴油在性能上的差异及其原因,总结了水乳化柴油在柴油机上的应用优化方法。结果表明:与柴油相比,乳化柴油着火滞燃期延迟,燃烧持续期缩短,喷雾贯穿距变长或相差不大,火焰升起高度增加;燃用乳化柴油时动力性下降,但有效热效率较柴油升高;乳化柴油可以明显降低NOx和炭烟排放,但多数工况下HC和CO排放有所升高,低转速和中低负荷工况下尤为明显;燃用乳化柴油时颗粒物数量浓度增加,体积浓度减小,且对于醛类和噪声排放并没有改善作用;添加合适添加剂或结合发动机技术协同作用,可以针对性地改善乳化柴油的燃烧过程,进一步起到节能减排的效果。基于燃料稳定性与燃料理化特性综合优化目标的燃料设计,以及适用于乳化柴油的高压共轨柴油机燃烧组织参数优化是未来的研究方向。