当今悬架和转向系统中涌现的新技术

为了提高汽车的安全性、可靠性和乘坐舒适性,近年来汽车上采用了许多新部件和新式装置。悬架和转向系统中已应用的和即将出现的新技术有:空气弹簧、电控减振器、主动悬架电控平顺性和操纵性、声纳路面传感器、电控动力转向系统、电控齿轮齿条转向系统、四轮转向以及自动倾斜和伸缩式转向盘等。     

电控空气悬架系统简介

<正>随着科学技术的飞速发展,空气悬架系统经历了钢板弹簧-气囊复合式悬架、被动空气悬架、电控空气悬架等多种形式的变化。电控空气悬架系统是一种全主动悬架,悬架的刚度、阻尼特性和车身高度能根据汽车的行驶条件进行智能调节。系统组成     

考虑EPS与ESP耦合作用的ECAS系统控制策略

为提升汽车在不同工况下的行驶平顺性,提出了一种考虑电动助力转向系统与汽车电子稳定系统耦合作用的电控空气悬架(ECAS)控制策略。首先建立基于Matlab/Simulink的10自由度整车模型,分析了ESP和EPS对ECAS平顺性的影响规律;接着设计了基于粒子群算法的电控空气悬架系统PID控制器;最后搭建了基于NI-PXI实时控制器的电控空气悬架控制器硬件在环试验平台。试验结果表明:在路面附着系数0.7、车速50km/h下的单移线工况下,与无控制时相比,所提出的控制系统使整车侧倾角峰值由0.031rad降低到0.021rad,俯仰角峰值降低了16%,质心垂向加速度均方根值也减小了32.91%。     

基于神经网络PID控制的客车ECAS设计与实现

以飞思卡尔MC9S08GB60单片机为控制核心,以亚星YBL6891H型客车为试验对象,针对空气悬架系统本身的非线性特性,采用神经PID控制算法,设计了一种通过检测车身高度对空气弹簧进行充排气,进而改变弹簧刚度的客车电控空气悬架系统.根据悬架评价指标建立了电控悬架的2自由度1/4车辆模型,通过仿真验证了该悬架系统对悬架动行程、车轮动载荷及车身垂直加速度这3项汽车行驶平顺性评价指标的改善,最后通过试验验证了所设计控制策略的正确性.     

汽车用空气弹簧悬架系统综述

空气弹簧具有非线性弹性特性，可将其特性曲线设计成理想形状，安装有空气悬架的汽车振动频率低，车轮动载荷小，可以获得良好的行驶平顺性，操纵稳定性和行驶安全性，减小高速行驶车辆对路面的破坏，．空气悬架可以保持汽车车身高度不变，并可根据需要进行车身高度调节等特点，本文就汽车空气弹簧悬架的发展过程，空气悬架系统的特点，对整车和高速公路路面的影响，以及其结构模式和优缺点进行分析。     

新型电控空气悬架系统集成控制策略研究

为顺应汽车底盘电子电气(E/E)架构集中化发展趋势,并解决传统电控空气悬架系统中悬架刚度调节范围窄、侧倾稳定性欠佳等问题。本文中以具有电机式主动横向稳定器的新型电控空气悬架系统为被研究对象,首先利用Matlab/Simulink搭建电控空气悬架系统整车动力学模型与电机式主动横向稳定器模型,开发基于模型设计的新型电控空气悬架系统集成控制策略;然后开发基于英飞凌32位TC275主控芯片的并行多核电子控制单元,并利用转向盘角阶跃输入工况和双移线工况开展离线仿真与硬件在环试验研究。相关研究结果表明,新型电控空气悬架系统集成控制策略及并行多核电子控制单元可改善车辆操纵稳定性,并有效提高车辆抗侧倾性能。     

汽车悬架系统电控减振技术及应用现状

在各种行驶条件下，传统汽车悬架系统无法提供良好的减振性能，应用新型电控技术保证汽车行驶平顺性和操纵稳定性的研究日益完善。介绍了目前汽车悬 架系统的发展，评价了最优控制、自适应控制、模糊控制、人工神经网络控制这４种以现代控制理论为核心的悬架系统电控技术。     

重型牵引车悬架的应用与发展

近年来，随着国内运输产业的发展、各项政策法规的更新，计重收费的实行，加之燃油价格持续增长，过路过桥费用的增加，市场对货运车辆的舒适性、经济性、可靠性的要求不断提高。为适应客户的这种需求，重型牵引汽车的橡胶悬架和电控空气悬架的应用与发展显得尤为迫切，本文重点介绍橡胶悬架和电控空气悬架的技术特点及优势，并对他们在牵引车上的应用与发展进行了介绍。     

曼TGA系列重型卡车传动系电子技术介绍

随着汽车发动机电控系统、变速器电控系统、空气悬架控制系统、防抱死制动控制系统、安全气囊控制系统和空调控制系统等各种电子系统的不断推出,汽车的智能化和自动化控制已成为现实。德国曼恩公司一直致力于商用车新技术的研究,在汽车控制系统发展方面走在世界前列,所开发的新     

电子技术在IVECO汽车空气悬架系统上的应用研究

本文通过对最新开发的IVECO汽车空气悬架系统电子装置的研究，详细论述了电控系统的架构、特性、连接和工作原理，从而阐明了新型电子控制技术的应用对现代汽车的发展所起的重要作用。     

公路客车空气悬架的发展趋势及在我国的应用前景分析

空气悬架系统作为高档公路大客车的关键部件，已经在国外高档客车上普及，商用车上使用的比例也在迅速提升，其独特的变刚度、低振动频率、抗道路凹凸冲击等诸多优越性越来越受人们重视。目前国内没有一家企业能设计出成熟的产品，加快空气悬架的设计研发，尤其是电子控制空气悬架（ECAS）的研发是大势所趋，谁先掌握了汽车空气悬架的开发技术，谁先开发出配置空气悬架的成熟车型，谁就掌握了今后若干年内商用车市场的先机和主动。     

Study on dynamic characteristic analysis of air spring with auxiliary chamber

The characteristics of air springs, such as the effects of bellows and those of heat transfer on spring constant and damping factor, have been studied. However, auxiliary chambers and pipes are required in addition to air springs, to vary spring constant in the case of spring rate change by electronically controlled air suspension systems of a vehicle. Few reports have dealt with the effects of auxiliary chambers and pipes. In our study, the relation between vibration frequency and spring reaction has been investigated to clarify the effects of pipes on dynamic spring constant. Our proposed model has proved effective in understanding the phenomena.     

Semi-active Damping with an Electromagnetic Force Generator

The main shortcoming of vehicle suspension systems is the amplification of input vibrations at the resonant frequency. A non-amplifying suspension system with a semi-active damping is being developed. The use of an electronically controlled rotational damper has been studied theoretically. A new sprung seat is being designed for the improvement of the working conditions for drivers of road and terrain vehicles.     

Analysis and optimization of air suspension system with independent height and stiffness tuning

Suspensions play a crucial role in vehicle comfort and handling. Different types of suspensions have been proposed to address essential comfort and handling requirements of vehicles. The conventional air suspension systems use a single flexible rubber airbag to transfer the chassis load to the wheels. In this type of air suspensions, the chassis height can be controlled by further inflating the airbag; however, the suspension stiffness is not controllable, and it depends on the airbag volume and chassis load. A recent development in a new air suspension includes two air chambers (rubber airbags), allowing independent ride height and stiffness tuning. In this air suspension system, stiffness and ride height of the vehicle can be simultaneously altered for different driving conditions by controlling the air pressure in the two air chambers. This allows the vehicle’s natural frequency and height to be adjusted according to the load and road conditions. This article discusses optimization of an air suspension design with ride height and stiffness tuning. An analytical formulation is developed to yield the optimum design of the new air suspension system. Experimental results verify the mathematical modeling and show the advantages of the new air suspension system.     

基于LQR控制的现代客车自适应空气悬架

长期在不良工况的道路上驾驶会降低驾驶员的乘坐舒适性。随着人们对乘坐舒适性需求不断提升,空气弹簧的优势尤为明显。文章提出了一种基于LQR控制策略的自适应空气悬架系统的创新设计方案,提出的LQR控制器采用粒子群算法进行优化。以客车空气悬架为研究对象,采用MATLAB软件对空气悬架系统的被动和自适应动力学模型进行了设计和仿真。仿真结果表明,自适应空气悬架系统在保证车辆稳定性的同时,降低了车辆在随机道路上的最大位移幅值,从而提高了车辆的平顺性。     

基于模糊自适应PID的客车电控空气悬架车高调节控制策略研究

电控空气悬架能够根据客车行驶工况进行车身高度自适应调节,从而能够显著提升客车行驶稳定性以及燃油经济性,车高调节控制设计具有重要意义。文章利用模糊PID控制算法对车身高度调节进行控制策略设计,有效缓解了客车电控空气悬架车高调节过程中存在的空气弹簧的“过充”“过放”及“振荡”等问题,分析客车电控空气悬架车高调节具体过程,建立包括车身、储气罐、电磁阀以及空气弹簧等在内的车高调节系统数学模型,最后完成了客车电控空气悬架车高调节模糊自适应PID控制策略设计及性能仿真验证。研究结果表明,所运用的模糊自适应PID控制策略能够完成客车电控空气悬架车身高度的准确调节。     

Total dynamic response of a PSS vehicle negotiating asymmetric road excitations

A planar suspension system (PSS) is a novel automobile suspension system in which an individual spring–damper strut is implemented in both the vertical and longitudinal directions, respectively. The wheels in a vehicle with such a suspension system can move back and forth relative to the chassis. When a PSS vehicle experiences asymmetric road excitations, the relative longitudinal motion of wheels with respect to the chassis in two sides of the same axle are not identical, and thus the two wheels at one axle will not be aligned in the same axis. The total dynamic responses, including those of the bounce, pitch and the roll of the PSS vehicle, to the asymmetric road excitation may exhibit different characteristics from those of a conventional vehicle. This paper presents an investigation into the comprehensive dynamic behaviour of a vehicle with the PSS, in such a road condition, on both the straight and curved roads. The study was carried out using an 18 DOF full-car model incorporating a radial-spring tyre–ground contact model and a 2D tyre–ground dynamic friction model. Results demonstrate that the total dynamic behaviour of a PSS vehicle is generally comparable with that of the conventional vehicle, while PSS exhibits significant improvement in absorbing the impact forces along the longitudinal direction when compared to the conventional suspension system. The PSS vehicle is found to be more stable than the conventional vehicle in terms of the directional performance against the disturbance of the road potholes on a straight line manoeuvre, while exhibiting a very similar handling performance on a curved line.     

汽车主动悬架系统的试验研究

在分析汽车传统被动悬架的基础上,给出了一种新型主动悬架结构。介绍了该主动悬架的工作原理,建立了二自由度的主动悬架数学模型。采用天棚控制策略,设计并研制了主动悬架样机及试验台架,进行了被动悬架与主动悬架的台架对比试验。试验结果表明,与被动悬架相比,该主动悬架能有效改善汽车的动态性能。     

电控空气悬架载荷平衡系统仿真

结合当代最新设计理念,利用MATLAB和ADAMS/Car软件的联合仿真,设计了电控空气悬架载荷平衡系统,并对整体系统进行了几个工况的模拟仿真。结果表明:所设计的空气悬架载荷平衡系统性能良好;联合MATLAB和ADAMS软件的长处来设计系统,能够使产品开发过程加快,同时产品开发成本也相应下降。     

Roll and pitch independently tuned interconnected suspension: modelling and dynamic analysis

In this paper, a roll and pitch independently tuned hydraulically interconnected passive suspension is presented. Due to decoupling of vibration modes and the improved lateral and longitudinal stability, the stiffness of individual suspension spring can be reduced for improving ride comfort and road grip. A generalised 14 degree-of-freedom nonlinear vehicle model with anti-roll bars is established to investigate the vehicle ride and handling dynamic responses. The nonlinear fluidic model of the hydraulically interconnected suspension is developed and integrated with the full vehicle model to investigate the anti-roll and anti-pitch characteristics. Time domain analysis of the vehicle model with the proposed suspension is conducted under different road excitations and steering/braking manoeuvres. The dynamic responses are compared with conventional suspensions to demonstrate the potential of enhanced ride and handling performance. The results illustrate the model-decoupling property of the hydraulically interconnected system. The anti-roll and anti-pitch performance could be tuned independently by the interconnected systems. With the improved anti-roll and anti-pitch characteristics, the bounce stiffness and ride damping can be optimised for better ride comfort and tyre grip.