轻型货车轮胎接地压力分布实测

利用自主开发的轮胎接地压力测试仪,进行了轻型货车不同花纹和不同使用年限轮胎,在不同轮胎胎压和不同负荷作用下,轮胎的接地压力分布规律测量。实测结果发现:轻型货车轮胎与路面的接触形状更接近于矩形;新胎比旧胎的接地压力要均匀些;轮胎胎压与平均接地压力、轮胎负荷与平均接地压力、轮胎负荷与有效接地面积基本上呈线性关系。     

轮胎结构有限元分析应用于子午线轮胎帘线受力特性的研究

建立了195／60R14型子午线轮胎三维非线性有限元模型，研究了在静负荷作用下轮胎帘线的受力特征。结果表明，静负荷对轮胎接地区域内帘线受力影响显著；模型带束层结构为2层相交的帘线结构，不能构成力学上的对称；带束层角度的变化对帘线剪应力分布有一定的影响，对胎肩部位帘线剪应力影响较大。     

Finite element modeling of static tire enveloping characteristics

To investigate static tire enveloping characteristics, a three dimensional (3-D) finite element model is proposed. The vertical stiffness of the tire is studied on a flat surface with and without cleat. Tire rubber materials and cord layers are represented independently using “rebar” elements available in MSC Marc Mentat. Comparisons of numerical and experimental results are given to show the validity of the proposed model. It is shown that after a certain displacement, the results of the proposed model agree well with experimental results. In addition, the model results show that regardless of the type of the cleat placed under the rim center (hub center), all vertical force curves intersect after a certain displacement, which indicates typical static enveloping characteristics. Moreover, another typical characteristic of the radial tires that is unlike those of bias-ply constructions confirms that the contact patch does not expand laterally after a level vertical load is applied to the tire, which is directly related to fuel consumption and tire tread life.     

汽车轮胎侧偏特性影响因素的试验研究

应用轮胎静力学特性试验机，研究了低速条件下3种不同胎面花纹轮胎在干燥路面上的侧偏特性，主要分析了胎面花纹、轮胎负荷和轮胎气压等因素对轮胎侧偏特性的影响。结果表明：轮胎的Fy-α关系曲线形状与胎面花纹形式、轮胎负荷和胎压等均无关。而Mz-α关系曲线变化趋势与胎面花纹无关，却与轮胎负荷和气压有关；在相同试验条件下，顺向花纹轮胎具有更优异的附着性能和侧偏特性。     

Index

A method is presented for the dynamic analysis of contact deformation for rolling tire on a road. The tire is modeled as an inextensible ring on elastic foundation with damping. Under known radial deflection, the ground contact region is predicted by solving simplified ring motion equation, treating ground contacting as a boundary condition. Furthermore, the effect of internal damping and rotating speed is analyzed on contact region.     

轮胎泵气噪声有限元仿真分析

轮胎花纹槽泵气噪声是轮胎噪声的主要部分之一。在假设轮胎胎面结构与空气完全耦合的条件下建立轮胎横向花纹槽噪声的有限元模型,在施加与速度相关的强制位移条件下对空气中花纹槽泵气噪声进行仿真仿真,验证轮胎花纹槽泵气噪声的机理,同时通过线性迭加轮胎周向单个横向花纹槽的方法,给出轮胎花纹槽整体噪声的频域曲线。     

A Simple Analysis Method for Contact Deformation of Rolling Tire

A method is presented for the dynamic analysis of contact deformation for rolling tire on a road. The tire is modeled as an inextensible ring on elastic foundation with damping. Under known radial deflection, the ground contact region is predicted by solving simplified ring motion equation, treating ground contacting as a boundary condition. Furthermore, the effect of internal damping and rotating speed is analyzed on contact region.     

带复杂花纹的轮胎滑水显式动力学分析

以205/55R16型半钢子午线轮胎为参考轮胎,利用组合类保角映射簇建模法构建了3种不同胎面花纹的轮胎有限元分析模型.利用该模型进行载荷一下沉量及流体压力一行驶速度分析结果表明.轮胎有限元模型和骨架材料的等效简化方法以及滑水求解策略有效.在此基础上,考察了胎面花纹形态对轮胎滑水性能的影响.结果表明.S型轮胎和V型轮胎由于横向花纹沟的存在,滑水性能优于纵沟胎.     

In-plane Dynamics of Tires on the Road Based on an Experimentally Verified Rolling Ring Model

The dynamic behavior of tires rolling on the road is predicted based on a ring model that is experimentally verified to well represent a real tire. The road contact is kinematically represented by two displacement constraints, one in radial and one in tangential direction. The displacement constraints are enforced via the receptance theory. The receptance matrix developed for the rolling tire is found to be Hermitian. Numerical results show that the natural (or eigen-) frequencies of the rolling tire with road contact are, as expected, higher than those of the tire with no contact. The influence of the rotating speed to the eigen-frquencies of the tire is also shown. Analytic expressions for the mode shapes of a rolling tire with ground contact are derived.     

A two-dimensional tire model on uneven roads for vehicle dynamic simulation1

This study proposes a comprehensive analytical tire model for handling and ride comfort in low frequency ranges. A contact algorithm that is developed in this study provides a two-dimensional contact pressure distribution on even and uneven road surfaces with reasonable computational cost. Shear stresses and strains during cornering and braking are estimated by direct measurement of tread deformations. The model is validated against experimental force and moment data for general handling simulations. Cleat tests are also conducted and validated under different forward velocity and vertical load conditions for a tire vibration study.     

In-plane Dynamics of Tires on the Road Based on an Experimentally Verified Rolling Ring Model

SUMMARY

The dynamic behavior of tires rolling on the road is predicted based on a ring model that is experimentally verified to well represent a real tire. The road contact is kinematically represented by two displacement constraints, one in radial and one in tangential direction. The displacement constraints are enforced via the receptance theory. The receptance matrix developed for the rolling tire is found to be Hermitian. Numerical results show that the natural (or eigen-) frequencies of the rolling tire with road contact are, as expected, higher than those of the tire with no contact. The influence of the rotating speed to the eigen-frquencies of the tire is also shown. Analytic expressions for the mode shapes of a rolling tire with ground contact are derived.     

子午线轮胎活络模花纹块精铸模具型腔曲面构造

采用加权曲面参数方程拟合型腔侧壁曲面的算法,实现了子午线轮胎活络模模具型腔曲面的构造。研究了从轮胎平面图提取出花纹块模具轮廓的方法及模具型腔的设计和调整方法。根据花纹平面轮廓沿周向和轴向投影时展开长度不变的原理,计算得到了弯曲后的胎顶和胎底花纹轮廓。根据精度要求,通过将胎顶、胎底轮廓和花纹沟槽侧壁斜截线离散为若干点,并应用加权BSC曲面拟合算法,构造出了型腔侧面参数方程。造型过程和试验结果表明,该曲面拟合算法可以控制加工精度,适用于构造和加工花纹型曲面。     

载重子午轮胎与路面相互作用的分析

根据全钢载重子午线轮胎12.00R20的实际结构,考虑轮胎的几何非线性、材料非线性、接触非线性以及大变形等力学特性,应用有限元的方法建立轮胎的三维模型,橡胶材料采用Yeoh模型,橡胶-帘线复合材料采用加强筋模型,并通过轮胎径向刚度的测试验证了模型的有效性.在数值模拟中分析了轮胎在一定充气压力时,在不同垂直载荷和牵引速度的作用下,与地面在接触区域的变形情况、应力分布、摩擦应力分布等滚动接触规律.结果表明,轮胎与地面接触应力分布存在明显的非均匀性,轮胎的接地面积和地面总反力随着滚动速度的升高而增大.     

Numerical method for simulating tire rolling noise by the concept of periodically exciting contact force

For the numerical simulation of tire rolling noise, an important subject is the extraction of normal velocity data of the tire surface that are essential for the acoustic analysis. In the current study, a concept of periodically exciting contact force is introduced to effectively extract the tire normal velocity data. The ground contact pressure within contact patch that is obtained by the static tire contact analysis is periodically applied to the whole tread surface of stationary tire. The periodically exciting contact forces are sequentially applied with a time delay corresponding to the tire rolling speed. The tire vibration is analyzed by the mode superposition in the frequency domain, and the acoustic analysis is performed by commercial BEM code. The proposed method is illustrated through the numerical experiment of 3-D smooth tire model and verified from the comparison with experiment, and furthermore the acoustical responses are investigated to the tire rolling speed.     

Prediction procedure for wear distribution of transient rolling tire

As a research method, finite element analysis (FEA) with ABAQUS can help researchers to study throughout the whole process of abnormal tire wear. For precise tread wear simulation, this paper introduces a tire finite element model building method. Then, the model is verified by comparing its simulation results with experiment data. Based on the verified model, tire high-speed rolling procedure is presented by combining steady-state transport analysis and dynamic analysis. To predict the wear distribution, micro tread wear calculation method is described. Finally, the wear prediction procedure of tread mesh evolving is introduced and tire polygonal wear pattern is simulated by this procedure.     

轮胎模态分析在整车振动问题诊断的应用应用

本文根据某车型出现的振动问题,对其匹配的26．5R25规格全钢子午线轮胎固有频率进行预测,发现在平顺性试验中出现的频率峰值与轮胎的某几阶次固有频率十分相近。同时该轮胎具有的大块花纹在20km／h的车速下,其滚动频率为26．1Hz与其振动峰值频率也十分接近,可以确认该型号的轮胎不利于该车型舒适性。     

轮胎胎面与柔性路面摩擦接触的数值分析

应用有限元软件ANASYS建立了包括橡胶胎面和柔性路面结构的有限元模型,探讨了车辆处于自由滚动和紧急制动过程中在不同轮胎／路面界面摩擦系数下的胎面、路表的变形特性和接触应力分布状态。研究结果表明,界面摩擦系数是影响胎面与柔性路面摩擦性能的主要原因,随其值的增加路面弯沉减小,摩擦应力先增加然后保持稳定,但轮胎的磨耗增加,接触压应力增加。适当地丰富路表构造、提高界面摩擦系数能降低路面弯沉,增强紧急制动状态下的抗滑性能;但是当摩擦系数超过某临界值时,随其数值的增大所对应制动状态下的抗滑性能不再提高,且路面压应力明显增加。摩擦特性对路表抗滑性能和路面力学响应的研究提供了一定的理论基础。     

Tire Modeling for Vertical Properties Including Enveloping Properties Using Experimental Modal Parameters

Summary Tire modal parameters reflect the natural properties of the tire. This paper models tire performance using experimental tire modal parameters to calculate the static vertical tire stiffness on both drum and flat road surfaces and the distribution of vertical and shear forces. The model was used to investigate tire enveloping properties. In addition to the radial and tangential displacements, the rotational angular displacement of the contact element is considered. This study examined the obstacle's effect on tire static vertical properties, the axle load responses under rectangle obstacles with a fixed axle height, and the effects of tire pressure on enveloping properties.     

用于公路车-桥系统振动分析的精细化轮胎模型

为了解决当前公路车桥耦合振动模型中轮胎模型过于简化、车轮-路面接触力与桥梁响应计算结果不够精确的问题,提出了一种精细化轮胎模型.首先基于车辆橡胶轮胎的几何、力学特征,建立了径向弹簧力学模型并进行了理论推导;然后考虑轮胎与路面接触面的刚度分布特征和高速状况下轮胎的惯性力,提出了轮胎接触面分布刚度的计算方法,保证了轮胎接触...