具有模块化结构的汽车动力学仿真模型的初步研究

初步探讨了面向开发型驾驶模拟器的具有模块化结构的汽车动力学仿真模型建立方法，从而可以在此基础上进一步建立一套通用的面向结构的汽车动力学仿真程序，便捷地在开发型驾驶模拟器上实现对不同类型或同类型不同结构车辆性能的仿真。     

集成化仿真系统在气制动TCS控制器开发中的应用

利用Simulink/xPC实时仿真软硬件环境,设计了集成化TCS仿真软硬件系统。建立了包括整车、动力传动系、制动器、轮胎、路面的动力学模型,应用离线仿真、快速原型仿真和ECU在环仿真等方法开发了气制动TCS控制器控制逻辑。经实车试验表明,系统能有效控制驱动轮的打滑趋势,提高汽车加速性能,改善发动机的工作条件。     

汽车驾驶摸拟器研究现状与未来展望

汽车驾驶模拟器是一种能正确模拟汽车驾驶动作,并能在主要性能上获得与实车驾驶相同感觉的仿真设备.按用途不同,可分为训练型汽车驾驶模拟器和开发型汽车驾驶模拟器.训练型模拟器可以初步完成对新驾驶员的训练;开发型模拟器能对人-车-环境系统进行研究,从而验证事故的发生原因,预防车辆事故的发生,为汽车工程设计提供帮助.     

汽车驾驶模拟器研究现状与未来展望

汽车驾驶模拟器是一种能正确模拟汽车驾驶动作，并能在主要性能上获得与实车驾驶相同感觉的仿真设备。按用途不同，可分为训练型汽车驾驶模拟器和开发型汽车驾驶模拟器。训练型模拟器可以初步完成对新驾驶员的训练；开发型模拟器能对人一车一环境系统进行研究，从而验证事故的发生原因，预防车辆事故的发生，为汽车工程设计提供帮助。     

开发型驾驶模拟器体感模拟算法及其评价

运用开发型汽车驾驶模拟器，可在模拟的汽车驾驶环境中，研究人－车－环境闭环系统特性，从而研制出高主动安全性汽车，驾驶员的视觉，听觉，触觉及体感是模拟器的四大模拟要素，直接影响模拟器逼真度，本文提出一种驾驶员体感模拟滤波算法，并建立驾驶员体感评价模型，仿真计算的结果表明，该算法既可充分发挥体感模拟系统硬件的模拟能力，并获得满意的体感模拟逼真度，又可为研制汽车驾驶模拟器需体感模拟软件的逼真度评价提供一种行之有效的方法。     

应用于驾驶模拟器的车辆动力学系统建模分析

驾驶模拟器具有安全性高、再现性好、容易设定各种试验条件以及节能环保等优点,近年来得到了广泛的应用。文章在开发驾驶模拟仿真系统的过程中,使用面向对象的方法将车辆系统分为发动机、传动系、制动系、转向系、悬架、车轮和车身等研究对象,分析了车辆模型的建立。最后给出了整车模型的求解流程。     

汽车前轮电子转向控制算法研究

本文建立了为驾驶员提供路感的电子转向系统转向盘回正力矩模型,研究了降低驾驶员负担、提高汽车稳定性的前轮电子转向控制算法,并利用开发型汽车驾驶模拟器进行仿真试验和验证,为电子转向系统的进一步研究和开发奠定了理论基础.     

用于开发型驾驶模拟器的17自由度汽车动力学仿真的数学模型及算法

文中对17自由度汽车动力学仿真的数学模型进行了分析,具体描述了该汽车动力学仿真模型微分—代数方程组的结构特征,并针对该结构特征提出了一种适用于在开发型驾驶模拟器上运行的求解算法。仿真实践证明,这种算法快速准确,并可应用到具有类似结构的汽车动力学仿真模型或其它多体系统微分—代数方程组的求解中。     

基于驾驶员在环的EPS试验台开发

汽车转向系统性能与汽车的操纵稳定性和舒适性有关,对汽车的行驶安全起着至关重要的作用。随着动力转向系统的发展,电动助力转向系统的优势逐渐突出。这里运用七自由度汽车模型,拟设计出一种基于驾驶员在环的转向测试试验台,将驾驶员操纵的油门踏板和转向信号实时采集,通过信号运算和汽车动力学模型实时仿真,实现转向力矩的模拟和车辆状态信息的输出,并可以快速进行EPS系统的开发验证。     

电子差速系统轮胎附着特性模拟仿真研究

电子差速系统相对于传统的机械式差速器可以实现转矩的精准分配,根据轮胎的纵向运动特性以及侧向运动特性,结合轮胎滑移率让内外侧车轮在过弯时拥有足够的附着力,减小整车的横摆角速度,提高过弯稳定性。采用后轮双电机的驱动方案,驱动电机采用直接转矩控制的方法,由整车控制器将指定的计算转矩信号发送给电机控制器完成动力分配,所需转矩根据驾驶员的加速踏板及方向盘转角,运用阿克曼转向模型计算得到。     

基于凯恩方法的汽车悬架实时仿真模型

提出了一种用于汽车动力学实时仿真的悬架建模方法。将悬架系统模型建成为连接车身和车轮的无质量复合铰,并基于凯恩方法推导了悬架复合铰的运动方程。在满足动力学实时仿真要求的同时不降低悬架系统的运动学精度。利用该方法建立了某轿车面向结构的麦弗逊式前悬架模型,并集成到由符号计算软件产生的该轿车的多体动力学模型中。仿真与实车道路试验结果的对比表明该悬架模型具有较高的仿真精度。     

一种汽车ESP仿真模型的研究

基于Pacejka的"魔术公式"轮胎模型,建立了包括汽车纵向与横向移动、横摆、侧倾和4个车轮的转动的8自由度动力学模型.设计了由汽车仿真模型和驱动系统、四通道制动系统、制动踏板、转向盘与油门踏板等实物以及控制器(ESP)等部分组成的半实物仿真平台.以侧向加速度与横摆角速度为仿真控制变量对模型进行仿真测试.仿真与实车测试数据相当接近,为ESP的研究提供了有效的模型.     

ISG hybrid powertrain: a rule-based driver model incorporating look-ahead information

According to European regulations, if the amount of regenerative braking is determined by the travel of the brake pedal, more stringent standards must be applied, otherwise it may adversely affect the existing vehicle safety system. The use of engine or vehicle speed to derive regenerative braking is one way to avoid strict design standards, but this introduces discontinuity in powertrain torque when the driver releases the acceleration pedal or applies the brake pedal. This is shown to cause oscillations in the pedal input and powertrain torque when a conventional driver model is adopted. Look-ahead information, together with other predicted vehicle states, are adopted to control the vehicle speed, in particular, during deceleration, and to improve the driver model so that oscillations can be avoided. The improved driver model makes analysis and validation of the control strategy for an integrated starter generator (ISG) hybrid powertrain possible.     

驾驶员稳态预瞄动态校正假说

针对汽车运动学和动力学自身的特点及驾驶员对其的理解和认识，基于预瞄跟随理论和预测控制理论，在驾驶员行为建模中作出了汽车运动学和动力学特性的分隔处理，提出了驾驶员稳态预瞄动态校正假说，并结合仿真计算和驾驶模拟器实验论证了假说的合理性和有效性。     

A real-time multi-vehicle simulator for longitudinal controller design

This paper presents a new multi-vehicle simulator for platoon simulation. The main new feature of the developed simulator is a network structure for the real-time simulation of multiple vehicles, each with a detailed powertrain and engine model. It has a small initial delay, which is determined by the number of connected PCs, but the actual simulation is performed and displayed in real-time after this initial and one-time delay. Several longitudinal controllers, including a PID controller with gain scheduling, an adaptive controller, and a fuzzy controller, are also implemented in the simulator. Various system parameters can be modified interactively in the simulator screen, which is very useful for simulating a platoon of heterogeneous vehicles, in which vehicles with different dynamics and different longitudinal controllers may be involved. The simulator provides an excellent tool to develop vehicle longitudinal controllers and to study platoon behaviors. The developed simulator is also effective in testing the effects of nonlinearities neglected in the controller design phase, such as actuator delays and gear shifting schedule.     

A real-time multi-vehicle simulator for longitudinal controller design

This paper presents a new multi-vehicle simulator for platoon simulation. The main new feature of the developed simulator is a network structure for the real-time simulation of multiple vehicles, each with a detailed powertrain and engine model. It has a small initial delay, which is determined by the number of connected PCs, but the actual simulation is performed and displayed in real-time after this initial and one-time delay. Several longitudinal controllers, including a PID controller with gain scheduling, an adaptive controller, and a fuzzy controller, are also implemented in the simulator. Various system parameters can be modified interactively in the simulator screen, which is very useful for simulating a platoon of heterogeneous vehicles, in which vehicles with different dynamics and different longitudinal controllers may be involved. The simulator provides an excellent tool to develop vehicle longitudinal controllers and to study platoon behaviors. The developed simulator is also effective in testing the effects of nonlinearities neglected in the controller design phase, such as actuator delays and gear shifting schedule.     

Energy Consumption Analysis of Different Bev Powertrain Topologies by Design Optimization

Flexible layout of electric motors in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) has enabled different powertrain topologies to be used. However, these different powertrain topologies also affect the overall efficiency of energy conversion from the electrochemical form stored in the battery to the mechanical form on the driving wheels for vehicle propulsion. In this study, a methodology combining an energy-based BEV simulation model with the genetic algorithm optimization approach is applied to evaluate the energy efficiency of three different BEV powertrain topologies. The analysis is carried out assuming two different urban driving conditions, as exemplified by the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) and the Japanese JC08 drive cycle. Each of the three BEV powertrain topologies is then optimized – in terms of its electric motor size and, where applicable, gear reduction ratio – for minimum energy consumption. The results show that among the three powertrain topologies, the wheel-hub drive without gear reducers consumes the least energy. The energy consumption of BEVs under the more aggressive JC08 drive cycle is consistently 8 % above that under NEDC for all three powertrain topologies considered.     

电动汽车转矩定向分配差速器建模与动态仿真

本文中提出一种新型具备转矩定向分配功能差速器的集中式电驱动桥系统。该集中驱动系统可以在不改变总驱动转矩的条件下,类似分布式驱动方式实现驱动转矩在左右轮间的任意分配,从而产生改变车辆横摆动力学的直接横摆力偶矩。首先,分析了转矩定向分配差速器结构特点及其工作原理;其次,利用键合图理论建立了其动力学模型,并仿真分析了其动态响应特性;然后,设计了转矩响应控制系统以改善该差速器的动态性能;最后,嵌入整车模型进行了联合仿真。结果表明,装备该差速器的车辆可任意分配左右轮驱动转矩,并有效改善车辆操控特性。     

双电机行星齿轮变速箱的PEV动力系统研究

本文列举了常见的纯电动汽车动力系统方案并论述其优缺点,提出了基于双电机、双行星排行星齿轮变速箱的新型纯电动汽车动力系统方案,推导该新型变速箱的运动学和动力学方程,并建立其等效杠杆模型。制定纯电动汽车的动力性需求,并进行动力系统参数匹配,基于Matlab/Simulink软件建立了整车前向仿真模型,通过指定工况仿真验证了该方案的可行性。     

Dynamics characteristics analysis and control of FWID EV

Compared with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, four-wheel-independently-drive electric vehicles (FWID EV) have significant advantages, such as more controlled degree of freedom (DOF), higher energy efficiency and faster torque response of an electric motor. The influence of these advantages and other characteristics on vehicle dynamics control need to be evaluated in detail. This paper firstly analyzed the dynamics characteristics of FWID EV, including the feasible region of vehicle global force, the improvement of powertrain energy efficiency and the time-delays of electric motor torque in the direct yaw moment feedback control system. In this way, the influence of electric motor output power limit, road friction coefficient and the wheel torque response on the stability control, as well as the impact of motor idle loss on the torque distribution method were illustrated clearly. Then a vehicle dynamics control method based on the vehicle stability state was proposed. In normal driving condition, the powertrain energy efficiency can be improved by torque distribution between front and rear wheels. In extreme driving condition, the electric motors combined with the electro-hydraulic braking system were employed as actuators for direct yaw moment control. Simulation results show that dynamics control which take full advantages of the more controlled freedom and the motor torque response characteristics improve the vehicle stability better than the control based on the hydraulic braking system of conventional vehicle. Furthermore, some road tests in a real vehicle were conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed control method.