基于自适应模糊PI的汽车直接摆力矩控制研究

针对汽车直接横摆力矩控制,论文研究了基于自适应模糊PI的控制方法。设计了基于自适应模糊PI的附加横摆力矩决策控制器和基于规则分配的制动力分配器。横摆力矩决策控制器根据汽车横摆角速度期望值和车辆状态决策出所需的附加横摆力矩,通过规则制动力分配方法进行主动差动制动实现,并采用Matlab/Simulink与CarSim联合仿真对控制方法进行仿真试验验证。结果表明:基于自适应模糊PI的横摆力矩控制方法相对于未控制能够使汽车较好地跟踪期望,有效提高汽车操纵稳定性。     

智能汽车轨迹跟踪与横摆稳定性协同控制

为了提高四轮独立驱动智能电动汽车在变曲率弯道下的轨迹跟踪精度和横摆稳定性,提出了一种模型预测控制与直接横摆力矩控制协同的综合控制方法。建立了横纵向耦合的车辆动力学模型,采用2阶龙格库塔离散法保证了离散模型的精度,并基于简化的2自由度动力学模型推导了车辆横摆稳定性约束,设计了非线性模型预测控制器;利用直接横摆力矩控制能够改变车辆横摆角速度和航向角的特点,考虑模型预测控制器的预测状态、控制量以及跟踪误差,设计了协同控制规则。仿真结果表明,协同控制方法解决了考虑横摆稳定性约束的模型预测控制器中存在的稳定性约束与控制精度相矛盾的问题,并补偿了模型预测控制器没有可行解时对横摆稳定性的约束,同时提高了智能汽车的轨迹跟踪精度和横摆稳定性。     

基于模糊PID的车辆横向稳定系统研究

通过分层控制思路搭建上层与下层控制器,设计基于横摆力矩控制的车轮横向稳定性控制算法。上层控制器以期望的横摆角速度和质心侧偏角为目标,采用模糊PID算法得到维持汽车稳定需要的横摆力矩,下层控制器根据需要的横摆力矩对单侧轮胎制动,从而增加乘用车极限工况下的稳定性。最后,搭建Matlab及Simulink仿真平台,利用CarSim软件对横向稳定策略进行验证,并选择典型试验工况仿真确定该策略能显著改善车辆的横向稳定性。     

带参数摄动的车辆底盘的集成鲁棒混合控制研究

提出了一种新的参数摄动离散系统的鲁棒L_2-L_∞/H_∞混合控制综合方法,并将其转化为具有较低保守性的线性矩阵不等式组的凸优化问题。考虑车辆在极限工况具有参数大范围摄动和强非线性特点,利用该方法设计主动前轮转向系统和直接横摆力矩系统集成控制策略。采用Matlab/Simulink与Carsim联合平台进行典型工况仿真分析。结果表明,设计的车辆底盘集成控制器能抑制系统参数大范围摄动和强非线性的影响,改善车辆的操纵稳定性。     

基于横摆力矩的汽车稳定性控制策略

为提高车辆的横向稳定性,获得良好的操纵性能,利用ADAMS/car和MATLAB/simulink建立了以横摆角速度和质心侧偏角为控制变量的多级PID仿真模型,分别采用了单个车轮制动和单侧车轮制动产生附加横摆力矩的方式.通过蛇形试验验证了ESP控制器的有效性和对比了2种制动方式的控制效果.仿真试验表明：采用该ESP控制器可以很好地保持车辆的稳定性,采用单侧车轮制动产生附加横摆力矩的方式具有更快的控制速度和更好的控制效果.     

基于人机共驾的车道偏离防避控制

提出了两层驾驶员转向预测模型,基于驾驶员视觉预瞄信息的第一层体现了路径跟踪特性,基于神经肌肉动力学模型的第二层体现了驾驶员转向操作特征,采用Car Sim/Simulink对比了不同状态驾驶员的路径跟踪性能。设计了车道偏离防避系统(LDAS)的期望横摆角速度观测器和转角PID控制器。建立了转向系统等效动力学模型,并基于滑模理论设计了LDAS的鲁棒转矩控制器。由于车辆偏离车道程度与预瞄点的侧向偏移量和驾驶员力矩的关系不能精确描述,故基于模糊控制理论设计了LDAS人机共驾模糊控测器。进行了基于Car Sim/Simulink的仿真和基于Car Sim/Lab VIEW RT的硬件在环试验,对比了驾驶员、LDAS控制器和人机共驾纠正车辆偏航的能力。结果表明,所提出的人机共驾策略能及时纠正车辆偏航,使之恢复到正常车道,并保证从人机共驾到驾驶员控制切换过程的平顺性。     

基于微分几何的四轮独立驱动车辆运动解耦控制研究

针对车辆在纵向运动和横摆运动时的强耦合关系给车辆动力学控制带来的困难，以四轮独立电驱动车辆作为研究对象，基于微分几何理论设计了车辆系统运动解耦控制方法，将非线性强耦合的四轮驱动车辆动力学系统解耦为纵向和横向两个相对独立运动控制子系统，并设计了鲁棒控制器，以提高抵抗车辆行驶时不确定外力如侧风的干扰能力。基于 Trucksim 软件建立四轮驱动车辆模型，并针对车辆解耦控制策略和抗干扰策略进行了仿真测试。结果表明，相比于无解耦控制的车辆，采用微分几何解耦控制的四轮独立驱动车辆纵向速度偏差降低了 82.1%，横摆角速度偏差降低了80.7%，且微风干扰下的抗干扰能力明显改善，车辆稳定性显著提升。为验证该运动解耦控制策略在实时系统中的控制效果，还进行了硬件在环试验，结果表明，硬件在环试验的结果与仿真结果一致。     

主动转向系统鲁棒控制的研究EI北大核心CSCD

本文中建立了引入主动转向系统模型,并考虑了参数不确定性的2自由度非线性整车模型。以上述模型作为被控对象,以一阶传递函数作为理想参考模型,运用标准H∞、环路成形和μ综合等方法分别设计了3种2自由度鲁棒控制器,并对其特性进行了频响分析和μ分析。对非线性整车模型进行了仿真。结果表明,各鲁棒控制器对抑制侧向力、横摆力矩和传感器量测的干扰、减小转向系统对整车动力学特性的影响以及提高驾驶稳定性和主动安全性等方面具有明显的效果,且均具有各自的优势特点,其中,μ综合控制器具有较低保守性和良好鲁棒性能。     

驾驶机器人车辆的多模式切换控制EI北大核心CSCD

为实现不同驾驶工况下精确的车速与轨迹跟踪,提出了一种驾驶机器人车辆多模式切换控制方法。通过分析驾驶机器人操纵自动挡车辆踏板与转向盘的运动,建立了驾驶机器人加速与制动机械腿和转向机械手的运动学模型和车辆纵横向动力学模型。在此基础上,设计了加速/制动机械腿切换控制器、模糊PID/模糊PID+Bang-Bang车速切换控制器和模糊PID/模糊PID+Bang-Bang转向切换控制器。加速/制动机械腿切换控制器以目标车辆加速度为切换规则,协调控制加速和制动机械腿,车速切换控制器以车速误差作为Bang-Bang控制器的模式决策准则和模糊PID控制器的输入,转向切换控制器以轨迹跟踪侧向误差作为Bang-Bang控制器的模式决策输入,并以当前与下一个控制时刻横摆角速度之差作为模糊PID控制器的输入。仿真和试验结果验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

4WIS-4WID车辆横摆稳定性AFS+ARS+DYC滑模控制

针对四轮独立转向-独立驱动(4WIS-4WID)车辆,应用滑模变结构控制理论,设计前、后轮主动转向(AFS+ARS)控制器、横摆角速度直接横摆力矩控制(DYC)控制器和质心侧偏角DYC控制器。为协调横摆角速度和质心侧偏角间的耦合设计了协调控制器,对附加横摆力矩实施车轮驱动/制动协同分配。引入2自由度4WIS-4WID车辆参考模型,并将其横摆角速度和质心侧偏角的状态反馈给AFS+ARS控制器,完成AFS+ARS和DYC控制系统的集成。加入不确定车辆自身参数和阵风干扰,将控制策略应用于16自由度4WIS-4WID车辆模型上进行仿真验证,并与单纯AFS+ARS、传统PID和差压制动的DYC进行对比。结果表明,所设计的控制策略同时提高了系统的抗干扰性和精确性;拓展了系统的稳定域,进一步提高了车辆的主动安全性。     

A new flatness-based control of lateral vehicle dynamics

This paper presents a new concept for vehicle dynamics control (VDC). The control of the longitudinal vehicle dynamics is not discussed, since we are assuming that it is much slower and weakly coupled to the lateral and yawing dynamics. The actuators are considered to be the traction and the braking torques of the individual wheels and only the standard sensors of the common VDC system are used. A modular interface to the subordinate wheel control system is provided by choosing the yaw torque as a fictitious control input. The VDC system is designed by means of a two degrees-of-freedom control scheme. It comprises a flatness-based feedforward part and a stabilising feedback part. The reference trajectory generation is introduced for the flat output which is given by the lateral velocity of the vehicle. Thus an advantageous kind of body side-slip angle control is provided with the standard VDC system hardware. Extensive simulation studies show excellent performance of the designed control concept.     

Bosch VDC系统的控制原理及展望

VDC系统(Vehicle Dynamics Control、车辆动力学控制系统，在美日等国称为VDC，而在欧洲称为ESP，Electronic Stability Program，即电子稳定程序)是Bosch公司1995年推出的用于改善车辆操纵稳定性的一种车辆动力学控制系统。VDC系统包括两个控制回路：控制车辆运动的主控制回路，控制制动和驱动滑移的副控制回路。文中详细介绍了这两个回路的工作原理，并给出了改善车辆操纵稳定性的实例。最后，指出了VDC系统的发展趋势。     

Vehicle dynamic control of a passenger car applying flexible body model

Modern software tools have enhanced modelling, analysis and simulation capabilities pertaining to control of dynamic systems. In this regard, in this paper a full vehicle model with flexible body is exposed by using MSC. ADAMS and MSC. NASTRAN. Indeed, one of the most significant vehicle dynamic controls is directional stability control. In this case, the vehicle dynamic control system (VDC) is used to improving the vehicle lateral and yaw motions in critical manoeuvres. In this paper, for design the VDC system, an optimal control strategy has been used for tracking the intended path with optimal energy. For better performance of VDC system, an anti-lock brake system (ABS) is designed as a lower layer of the control system for maintaining the tyre longitudinal slip in proper value. The performances of the controller on rigid and flexible models are illustrated, and the results show the differences between the control efforts for these models, which are related to the differences of dynamic behaviours of rigid and flexible vehicle dynamic models.     

Integrated control of brake pressure and rear-wheel steering to improve lateral stability with fuzzy logic

This study introduces an integrated dynamic control with steering (IDCS) system to improve vehicle handling and stability under severe driving conditions. It integrates an active rear-wheel steering control system and a direct yawmoment control system with fuzzy logic. Direct yaw-moment control is achieved by modifying the optimal slip of the front outer wheel. An 8-degree-of-freedom vehicle model was used to evaluate the proposed IDCS for various road conditions and driving inputs. The results show that the yaw rate tracked the reference yaw rate and that the body slip angle was reduced when the IDCS was employed, thereby increasing the controllability and stability of the vehicle on slippery roads. The IDCS system reduced the deviation from the center line for a vehicle running on a split m road.     

多电机电动车动力学系统隐模型跟踪控制

提出一种应用隐模型跟踪最优二次型调节器的车辆动力学控制方法,为多电机独立驱动电动车设计了直接横摆力偶矩控制器,通过仿真计算证明了该控制方法的有效性。     

Unscented Kalman filter for vehicle state estimation

Vehicle dynamics control (VDC) systems require information about system variables, which cannot be directly measured, e.g. the wheel slip or the vehicle side-slip angle. This paper presents a new concept for the vehicle state estimation under the assumption that the vehicle is equipped with the standard VDC sensors. It is proposed to utilise an unscented Kalman filter for estimation purposes, since it is based on a numerically efficient nonlinear stochastic estimation technique. A planar two-track model is combined with the empiric Magic Formula in order to describe the vehicle and tyre behaviour. Moreover, an advanced vertical tyre load calculation method is developed that additionally considers the vertical tyre stiffness and increases the estimation accuracy. Experimental tests show good accuracy and robustness of the designed vehicle state estimation concept.     

A curving ACC system with coordination control of longitudinal car-following and lateral stability

The paper presents a curving adaptive cruise control (ACC) system that is coordinated with a direct yaw-moment control (DYC) system and gives consideration to both longitudinal car-following capability and lateral stability on curved roads. A model including vehicle longitudinal and lateral dynamics is built first, which is as discrete as the predictive model of the system controller. Then, a cost function is determined to reflect the contradictions between vehicle longitudinal and lateral dynamics. Meanwhile, some I/O constraints are formulated with a driver permissible longitudinal car-following range and the road adhesion condition. After that, desired longitudinal acceleration and desired yaw moment are obtained by a linear matrix inequality based robust constrained state feedback method. Finally, driver-in-the-loop tests on a driving simulator are conducted and the results show that the developed control system provides significant benefits in weakening the impact of DYC on ACC longitudinal car-following capability while also improving lateral stability.     

Vehicle Dynamic Control for In-Wheel Electric Vehicles Via Temperature Consideration of Braking Systems

?Vehicle dynamic control (VDC) systems play an important role with regard to vehicle stability and safety when turning. VDC systems prevent vehicles from spinning or slipping when cornering sharply by controlling vehicle yaw moment, which is generated by braking forces. Thus, it is important to control braking forces depending on the driving conditions of the vehicle. The required yaw moment to stabilize a vehicle is calculated through optimal control and a combination of braking forces used to generate the calculated yaw moment. However, braking forces can change due to frictional coefficients being affected by variations in temperature. This can cause vehicles to experience stability problems due an improper yaw moment being applied to the vehicle. In this paper, a brake temperature estimator based on the finite different method (FDM) was proposed with a friction coefficient estimator in order to solve this problem. The developed braking characteristic estimation model was used to develop a VDC cooperative control algorithm using hydraulic braking and the regenerative braking of an in-wheel motor. Performance simulations of the developed cooperative control algorithm were performed through cosimulation with MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim. From the simulation results, it was verified that vehicle stability was ensured despite any changes in the braking characteristics due to brake temperatures.     

汽车DYC装置液压系统建模与仿真

汽车DYC装置可以通过产生横摆力矩克服过多转向或不足转向,提高汽车高速和恶劣道路等极限条件下的操纵稳定性。对汽车DYC装置的液压系统特性进行了分析,建立了液压回路和制动器模型,分析了液压系统的工作原理和工作过程,并运用matlab/simulink对液压系统进行建模与仿真。     

A yaw-moment control method based on a vehicle's lateral jerk information

Previously, a new control concept called ‘G-vectoring control (GVC)’ to improve vehicle agility and stability was developed. GVC is an automatic longitudinal acceleration control method that responds to vehicle lateral jerk caused by the driver's steering manoeuvres. In this paper, a new yaw-moment control method, which generates a stabilising moment during the GVC command and has positive acceleration value and the driver's accelerator pedal input is zero, was proposed. A new hybrid control, which comprises GVC, electric stability control and this new control, was constructed, and it was installed in a test vehicle and tested on a snowy surface. The very high potential for improvement in both agility and stability was confirmed.