汽车排放污染治理利器车载诊断OBD系统(五)

正五、GB18352标准关于OBD的要求1.车载诊断OBD系统在我国的发展概要国三标准第一次提出了车载诊断OBD系统的相关要求,在2009年1 2月发布的《轻型汽车车载诊断(OBD)系统管理技术规范》(HJ500-2009)标准,对车载诊断系统技术要求做了补充,对OBD系统在型式认证、生产一致性检查、在用汽车检验、OBD故障诊断仪等方面提出了管理技术要求。在车载诊断O B D系统的要求上,国五同国三/国四相比,加严了OBD阈值要求,要求催化转化器能同时诊断NMHC与NOx排放的劣     

基于车载诊断系统的汽油车排放诊断研究

本文简述了OBD系统在减少排放污染物的功用及其发展，针对轻型汽车国Ⅲ、国Ⅳ排放标准中提出的对污染排放物限值规定，重点介绍了OBD系统对于失火诊断、催化转化器失效诊断、氧传感器劣化诊断和燃油蒸发系统诊断的原理和诊断方法，对诊断系统试验得出的图表进行了详细的分析，指出OBD系统能够有效诊断汽车的排放问题。并分析了OBD系统对于汽车设计带来的机遇和挑战。     

基于OBDⅡ和GPS的汽车远程监控系统设计

为实现对汽车行驶状态参数和位置信息的远程监控,设计一套基于第二代车载诊断系统(OBDⅡ)和全球定位系统(GPS)的汽车远程监控系统.该系统包括以KEAZ128单片机为核心的车载数据采集系统和基于LabVIEW的监控中心,车载数据采集系统主要包括GPRS/GPS模块、OBDⅡ诊断模块和相应程序,它通过GPRS技术将各项数...     

电控汽车自诊断系统通信网络设计原理

汽车电控系统出现故障时，必须将电控系统的故障信息（故障代码、状态信息、输入与输出信息）传送给解码器或计算机，供维修时参考。因此，在设计解码器或使OBD－Ⅱ与外部计算机实现网络通信时，除应满足诊断功能的需要外，还必须满足网络通信协议的规定。介绍了电控汽车自诊断系统通信网络的基本设计原理，OBD－Ⅱ与外部诊断计算机的连接。     

基于SCR控制器的国Ⅳ柴油机OBD系统设计

在SCR控制器硬件基础上进行了国Ⅳ柴油机OBD系统设计,介绍了基于SAE J1939与ISO 15765协议的通信功能实现,设计了针对NOx排放控制系统与发动机燃油系统的故障监测、诊断和报警,对发动机端DM1代码进行了解析并遵循ISO 15031—6规定重新组装发送,还对OBD系统中未定义的故障代码(DTC)进行了自定义。目前已完成玉柴YC6L系列单体泵国Ⅳ柴油机匹配标定,并已通过中国汽车技术中心OBD功能认证。     

OBD-Ⅱ的局限性及故障码的正确使用

现代汽车电子控制系统微机内部增设的故障自诊断功能和故障运行功能构成了一个随车故障诊断系统，简称OBD（On Board Diagnostic）系统。从20世纪80年代初期至今，OBD系统已从第一代（OBD—Ⅰ）发展到现在广泛使用的第二代（OBD-Ⅱ），目前，第三代（OBD-Ⅱ）也已经在推广应用之中。     

现代摩托车用OBD的结构原理分析(1)

OBD是On-Board Diagnostics的英文缩写,中文意思是车载故障诊断系统,主要作用是监管整个MEFI(摩托车电子燃油喷射系统)及部件。当发生故障时,具有故障及时识别、故障信息储存和读取、安全保护等功能,是MEFI系统重要的安全系统。现代摩托车用OBD与汽车OBD一样,可全程监测记录摩托车运行时的排放故障及与排放有关的零部件和系统故障,不仅具有自诊断功能,还具有OBD排放法规要求的基本功能。一旦排放超标,OBD立即以故障模式记录在案,同时通过故障指示灯向车主发出警示。     

美国第2代及欧洲汽车微机故障诊断系统

介绍并较详细归类OBDⅡ(美国第2代电控汽车微机故障诊断系统)和EOBD(欧洲电控汽车微机故障诊断系统)，重点介绍了OBDⅡ和EOBD系统的不同点，为现代汽车故障诊断和维修提供了一个基础，     

汽车电脑解码器在故障诊断中的应用

为了提高汽车的经济性、动力性、舒适性和环保等性能，现在汽车普遍安装了多种电控系统，如电控发动机、电控自动变速器、制动防抱死装置等等，有的已经成为标准配置，如安全气囊、自动空调、中控防盗等等。并且随着电子技术向集成化、模块化、智能化及网络化等方面的快速发展，汽车电控系统也越来越复杂，从而给汽车维修带来了新的挑战。因此为了早期对故障预判和便于汽车的维修保养，现代汽车都具有电脑自诊断功能，即onboarddiagnosfics(OBD)功能，从而一种新的常用诊断仪器——“汽车电脑解码器”成为修理技术人员必备工具，并且它的应用成为修理人员急需掌握的技术。     

混合动力OBD车载诊断系统分析

车载诊断(OBD)系统指排放控制用车载诊断(OBD)系统。它必须具有识别可能存在故障的区域的功能,并以故障代码的方式将该信息储存在电控单元存储器内。混合动力车辆带有多个车载诊断控制器,必须在符合国家法规的要求前提下,统一的支持诊断工具测试模式。基于特定的混合动力OBD控制器架构和通信策略,对一种混合动力车载诊断系统进行分析。     

Real-time vision-based blind spot warning system: Experiments with motorcycles in daytime/nighttime conditions

This paper describes a real-time vision-based blind spot warning system that has been specially designed for motorcycles detection in both daytime and nighttime conditions. Motorcycles are fast moving and small vehicles that frequently remain unseen to other drivers, mainly in the blind-spot area. In fact, although in recent years the number of fatal accidents has decreased overall, motorcycle accidents have increased by 20%. The risks are primarily linked to the inner characteristics of this mode of travel: motorcycles are fast moving vehicles, light, unstable and fragile. These features make the motorcycle detection problem a difficult but challenging task to be solved from the computer vision point of view. In this paper we present a daytime and nighttime vision-based motorcycle and car detection system in the blind spot area using a single camera installed on the side mirror. On the one hand, daytime vehicle detection is carried out using optical flow features and Support Vector Machine-based (SVM) classification. On the other hand, nighttime vehicle detection is based on head lights detection. The proposed system warns the driver about the presence of vehicles in the blind area, including information about the position and the type of vehicle. Extensive experiments have been carried out in 172 minutes of sequences recorded in real traffic scenarios in both daytime and nighttime conditions, in the context of the Valencia MotoGP Grand Prix 2009.     

基于TOF摄像头的车位检测方案

为了解决目前市场上普遍基于超声波传感器对停车位检测都存在盲区范围大、检测精度低等问题,提出了基于TOF摄像头的停车位检测方案。对多种极限停车位场景进行分析,以广汽新能源GE3车辆为载体,并以安装丘钛科技TOF摄像头为研究对象,对该检测方案在多种场景下进行实车验证。测试结果表明:使用TOF摄像头的停车位检测方案不仅能在更小盲区范围内保证停车安全,而且在满足高精度的情况下适应更多极限车位场景。     

Fault detection and diagnosis of the electromechanical brake based on observer and parity space

In the future, the conventional hydraulic brake system in automobiles will be removed and replaced by an electrically operated brake system called brake-by-wire. The brake-by-wire units, such as the EMB (Electro-Mechanical Brake), provide better braking performance by directly controlling the brake motor and are environmentally friendly because they do not use hydraulic fluid. For implementation of the EMB systems, reliable and robust fault detection and diagnosis methods become increasingly important. In this study, a sensor fault diagnosis method is proposed with parity space and observer approaches to detect faults in the motor current sensor, speed (or position) sensor and clamping force sensor. The proposed method is verified through a closed-loop simulation using Matlab/Simulink, and the simulation result is compared with the HILS bench test results.     

某重卡后视镜视野分析及法规校核

汽车外后视镜是车辆主动安全防御性的重要设备。有经验的驾驶者都知道,后视镜性能不佳(存在盲区或视野宽度不足)会严重影响驾驶安全。为保证驾驶员在操作过程中,得到充足的后视镜视野反馈信息,提高车辆行驶过程中的安全性,对某重卡汽车的外后视镜进行视野分析及法规校核。     

Degree of fault isolability and active fault diagnosis for redundantly actuated vehicle system

This paper proposes á degree of fault isolability concept and active fault diagnosis method for redundantly actuated vehicle systems. Fault isolability is a structural property related to system dynamics and composition of actuators and sensors. Existing research on testing fault isolability has involved checking whether the system is isolable, i.e., binary in nature. A continuous value rather than a binary metric is needed to evaluate how isolable a given system fault is based on a specific measurement set. After fault components are isolated, the fault type and magnitude are estimated by analyzing residual vectors. In a redundantly actuated system, the number of controls/actuators is greater than the system mobility. Thus, the control input distribution to achieve a given control objective is not unique. In the case of a fault, the active fault diagnosis system adjusts the control input distribution to diagnose the fault. Thus, much more system information can be identified by additional excitation through a redundantly actuated system, which improves the fault diagnosis performance. Simulation results of a four-wheel independently driven and steered vehicle model validated the proposed degree of fault isolability and the effectiveness of the proposed active fault diagnosis method.     

瞬变电磁烟圈反演及层状模型反演在隧道建设探测效果中的对比

针对隧道超前预报瞬变电磁法2种快速反演解译方法(烟圈反演及层状模型反演),从反演理论及实际应用效果对二者进行了对比分析。结果表明:1)烟圈反演盲区较大,等值线存在交叉现象,对小异常分辨较好,适用于任何地层结构;2)层状模型法反演盲区较小,浅部分辨率较好,等值线平滑程度高,易淹没小异常,适用于层状均一地层结构。     

内河船舶AIS网络通信性能研究

随着船舶数量的日益增长,密集通航水域AIS系统的信道负载迅速增大,出现系统时隙冲突、信道拥塞、AIS网络通信异常等现象,导致AIS应用的可信度降低,成为船舶航行安全的隐患.为了更为精确、及时地反映AIS网络通信性能的实际状况,基于AIS综合应用平台实时监测AIS网络通信性能指标,以长江武汉段AIS数据为基础,选取一周的指标监测数据,从网络容量、网络信道负载率、网络吞吐率、网络阻塞率、网络利用率5个方面对该水域AIS网络通信性能进行评价分析,并通过仿真研究了AIS网络通信性能的变化趋势和极限状况.研究结果表明现阶段长江干线武汉段AIS网络信道负载率在15%左右,吞吐率接近100%,通信性能良好.随着船舶数的增加,网络信道负载率达到60.5%时,出现AIS网络通信阻塞现象,并得到通信阻塞时13种运动状态下的船舶数分布.研究结果客观、准确地反映了研究水域的AIS网络通信性能,为内河海事主管机关监控、管理、调控AIS系统提供技术支撑.      

大数据视角下市政道路工程绩效评价体系探讨

通过对城市道路全寿命周期进行绩效评价,有利于提高建设单位综合管理水平,但目前暂没有一套成熟的市政道路工程的绩效评价体系.基于大数据技术,以其他相关领域工程绩效评价体系为参考,对现有工程绩效评价体系的不足之处进行了总结,对建立一个客观、准确、适用性广、可操作性强的市政道路全过程绩效评价体系提出了初步构想,并就确保体系有效性问题提出了需要关注的问题及解决思路.     

Expanding transmission capacity of can systems using dual communication channels with kalman prediction

The controller area network (CAN) protocol is widely used for in-vehicle network (IVN) systems, and many automotive companies also use the CAN in chassis network systems. However, the increasing number of electronic control units (ECUs) dictated by the need for more intelligent and fuel-efficient functions requires an IVN system with a greater transmission capacity and less network delay. Automotive companies have tried several approaches such as segmenting CAN systems and developing time-triggered protocols. This paper presents a practical method for increasing the transmission capacity and reducing the network delay in CAN systems using dual communication channels with a traffic-balancing algorithm based on Kalman prediction to forecast the traffic on each channel and allocate frames to the one that is most appropriate. An experimental testbed using commercial microcontrollers with two or more CAN protocol controllers was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the Kalman traffic-balancing algorithm. Experimental results show that the traffic-balancing CAN system with Kalman prediction reduced the transmission delay of all priority messages compared to that of a simple method, such as a channel-switching CAN, without sacrificing the performance for high-priority messages.     

盲道的革命——“感知盲道”

盲人出行靠盲道及其它手段导盲。日本的一种导盲系统装置 ,技术比较先进 ,但因费用昂贵 ,难以普及。国内现有的条形行进盲道与圆点形提示盲道 ,虽有一定作用 ,但其导盲效果差 ,一则不能明确提示东南西北的方向 ;二则不能提示盲道旁与生活密切相关的场所的具体方位。针对国内外一些盲道及导盲技术的不足 ,提出一套新的盲道方案 ,它包括 :盲道指南路砖、方位指向路砖、导疏路牌指向路砖。该方案已申请中国发明专利。