基于模糊逻辑的电动汽车制动能量回馈系统

分析了电动汽车制动能量回馈的特点，针对电动汽车制动能量回馈时强鲁棒性的需求，设计了一种基于Sugeno模糊逻辑的制动能量回馈系统，以满足能量回馈的要求，该回馈系统提高了整车的制动性能以及续驶里程，也使整车的动力性、安全性和舒适性达到较好的平衡，文章同时估算了这种控制策略的能量回收效率。经仿真和实际测试，结果表明所提策略满足总体设计的性能指标要求。     

电动汽车驱动系统再生制动特性分析与仿真

电动汽车行驶时对能量的需求以及延长续驶里程要求驱动电机具有再生制动能力,既可以提供制动力,又可以将制动过程中的能量回收。通过对汽车制动模式及其产生的能量进行分析。以永磁无刷直流电机系统在作电动汽车动力时实现电气制动为控制策略,仿真了回馈制动,并对仿真结果进行了分析、探讨。结果表明,再生制动的算法是可行的,能满足能量回收要求。     

电动汽车机电复合制动力分配策略

对某电动汽车机电复合制动系统进行了研究,制定了电动汽车机电复合制动系统的结构方案。依据ECE-R13法规与最大电机制动力限制,确定机电解耦门限值,对小强度制动、中强度制动及紧急制动3种不同工况分别制定了不同的再生制动与液压制动控制策略,并进行仿真与试验验证。结果表明,在小强度制动时电机可满足驾驶员的需求制动力,并且能量回收率能够达到25%;在中强度制动时电机以最大制动力进行制动并且在最大回收能量的同时能够使该系统满足制动性能,能量回收率能够达到74%;在紧急制动时为了制动安全应迅速将电机制动力撤出。该复合制动系统能够有效地吸收再生制动能量,同时也能满足车辆的制动性能。     

EV6600电动客车能量反馈系统设计

在研究能量回馈原理的基础上，设计混合励磁无刷电动机在汽车制动过程的能量反馈控制系统。以电流给定，脉宽调制(PWM)调压调速系统为例，研究各种制动状态下的能量回馈过程。通过合理控制，即使在较低车速时也可实现能量反馈。由于采用了电流负反馈控制方式，制动力矩的大小可根据需要进行控制。将该系统安装在EV6600电动汽车上进行试验，结果表明：该控制逻辑及系统可达到10％左右的能量回收率。     

纯电动汽车机电复合制动控制措施

电动汽车能够有效利用可再生能源,具有清洁无污染特点,但受制于动力电池技术影响,存在续驶里程有限等缺陷。为保证纯电动汽车制动安全,提高制动能量回收利用率,对纯电动汽车机电复合制动系统组成及控制原理、模糊控制电机制动力分配、前后轴制动力分配的动力分配方式等方面进行讨论,并提出纯电动汽车机电复合制动能量回收控制措施。     

电动汽车制动能量回收系统研究

为进一步提高电动汽车的能量利用率以提高其续驶里程,本文对电动汽车制动能量回收系统作了进一步研究。本文论述了电动汽车能量回收系统的原理并与传统制动系统进行比较,同时分析了机械制动与电机制动的分配关系并总结了复合制动与传统摩擦制动系统的区别,最后论述了电动汽车制动能量回收的约束因素。     

混合动力汽车制动系统简析

正一、混合动力制动系统概述电动汽车(电动汽车包括纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车和燃料电池汽车)的制动系统与其他汽车基本相同。不同的是,在电动汽车上,一般还有电磁制动装置,它可以利用驱动电动机的控制电路实现电动机的发电运行,使减速制动时的能量转换成对蓄电池充电的电流,从而得到再生利用。混合动力汽车的制动系统不仅仅用于使车辆可靠、稳定地减     

电动汽车再生制动能量优化控制策略的研究

通过对电动汽车的无刷直流电机能量回馈系统进行全面分析,进而讨论如何合理高效地回收再生制动能量;并运用模糊控制算法对机械制动和再生制动之间的关系进行合理的分配,协调二者的比例分配。有力地证明模糊制动力分配策略能够提高电动汽车的能量回收率,相应增加续驶里程。     

基于自适应遗传算法的某款纯电动汽车智能发电策略分析

纯电动汽车动力电池容量有限,这是困扰其大力推广关键因素之一,若一味提升电池容量将大大提高整车成本。因此,在纯电动汽车动力电池容量不变和保证车辆行驶舒适安全前提下,提出续航里程提升策略至关重要。文章提出通过搭载风力发电机和制动回馈电机发电策略有助于续航,分析风力发电与制动能量回馈影响因素并研究纯电动汽车风力发电与制动能量回馈系统控制模型结构后,充分考虑汽车所受阻力,电能转换效率提升方法,建立智能发电能量模型。最后采用遗传算法将空气湿度,制动强度,电池荷电状态,行车速度等因素作为决策变量,并在Matlab软件中仿真,得出了随着风力发电机与制动回馈电机平稳运转后,风力发电与制动能量回馈之和处于最佳发电值,验证了发电策略可提升动力电池的充电量,增大纯电动汽车的续航里程。     

电动汽车能量回馈的整车控制

以4种典型循环工况为例对电动汽车进行能量分析，设计了基于常规汽车制动系统的整车能量回馈控制方式，研究了控制策略，完成了车辆道路试验与标定优化。试验表明，整车能量回馈控制方式与控制策略安全、可靠，且柔顺性良好；利用能量回馈技术，蓄电池能量消耗可减少10％，能有效延长电动汽车的一次充电续驶里程。     

并行再生制动系统控制器的设计与开发

分析了混合动力汽车再生制动系统的特点及其应用前景,提出了一种基于并行控制的再生制动控制策略;针对某款并联式混合动力轿车,采用并行再生制动控制策略,进行了制动控制器的软硬件开发;搭建了硬件在环仿真试验系统对控制器进行了硬件在环仿真验证,并对控制器进行了实车测功机试验和实车道路试验。试验结果表明:该控制器运行稳定、可靠,整车平均制动能量回收效率达15%左右,显著提高了汽车的能源利用效率。     

Combined control of a regenerative braking and antilock braking system for hybrid electric vehicles

Most parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) employ both a hydraulic braking system and a regenerative braking system to provide enhanced braking performance and energy regeneration. A new design of a combined braking control strategy (CBCS) is presented in this paper. The design is based on a new method of HEV braking torque distribution that makes the hydraulic braking system work together with the regenerative braking system. The control system meets the requirements of a vehicle longitudinal braking performance and gets more regenerative energy charge back to the battery. In the described system, a logic threshold control strategy (LTCS) is developed to adjust the hydraulic braking torque dynamically, and a fuzzy logic control strategy (FCS) is applied to adjust the regenerative braking torque dynamically. With the control strategy, the hydraulic braking system and the regenerative braking system work synchronously to assure high regenerative efficiency and good braking performance, even on roads with a low adhesion coefficient when emergency braking is required. The proposed braking control strategy is steady and effective, as demonstrated by the experiment and the simulation.     

Cooperative control for friction and regenerative braking systems considering dynamic characteristic and temperature condition

The braking system of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is composed of friction and regenerative braking system, meaning that braking torque is generated by the collaboration of the friction and regenerative braking system. With the attributes, there are two problems in the HEV braking system. First, rapid deceleration occurs due to dynamic characteristic difference when shifting the friction and regenerative braking systems. Second, the friction braking torque alters with temperature because the friction coefficient changes with the temperature. These problems cause the vehicle to be unstable. In this paper, the concurrence control and compensation control were proposed to solve these problems. And also, the concurrence control and compensation control were combined for the stability of the braking system. In order to confirm the effect of these control algorithms, the experiment and simulation were conducted. Consequently, it was confirmed that the control algorithm of this study improved the vehicle safety and stability.     

Effect of regenerative braking energy on battery current balance in a parallel hybrid gasoline-electric vehicle under FTP-75 driving mode

In recent years, a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has been considered a successful technology. Especially, in case of a full HEV, the motor can drive the vehicle by itself at low velocity or assist the engine at high load. To improve the hybrid electric vehicle’s efficiency, a regenerative braking system is also applied to recover from kinetic energy. In this study, an experimental control apparatus was set up with a parallel hybrid electric vehicle mounted on a chassis dynamometer to measure ECU (engine control unit) and MCU (motor control unit) signals, including the current and state of charge in the battery. In order to analyze regenerative braking characteristics, user define braking driving cycle was introduced and carried out using different initial velocities and braking times. The FTP 75 driving cycle was then adapted under different initial SOC (state of charge) levels. The experiment data was analyzed in accordance with the vehicle velocity, battery current, instant SOC level, motor RPM, engine RPM, and then vehicle driving mode was decided. In case of braking driving cycle, it was observed that SOC were increased up to 1.5 % when the braking time and the velocidy were 6 second and 60 km/h, respectively. In addition, using the FTP 75 driving cycle, mode 1 was most frequently operated at SOC 65 conditions in phase 1. In phase 2, due to frequent stop-go hills, percentage of mode 1 was increase by 22 %. Eventually, despite of identity, it was shown that the characteristics of phase 3 differed from phase 1 due to the evanishment of the effects of initial SOCs.     

轻度混合动力汽车制动能量回收控制策略研究

以某轻度混合动力电动汽车为研究对象,分析了,制动能量回收系统在制动回收工作过程中的控制策略,并在分析的基础上建立其在制动过程中的制动力分配模型和数学模型,利用6个典型的循环工况来评价现有制动力分配策略的优劣,并与Advisor中的制动力分配策略进行了比较。无论是燃油经济性、整车能量效率、回收能量占燃油消耗的百分比,还是能量回收率都有明显的提高。     

电动汽车再生制动控制器的开发

提出了利用超级电容作为储能元件实现电动汽车再生制动的能量回收方案,针对TI公司生产的TMSLF24OXDSP,应用脉宽调制PWM控制技术,设计了电动汽车超级电容再生制动系统控制器.介绍了电动汽车再生制动控制器的数字信号处理器DSP及其外围电路、故障信号处理电路、输出隔离电路与滤波电路,以及用C语言编写的各工作模块.调试试验结果表明,当负载突变和充电电流突变时,模糊PID控制策略的再生制动控制器在响应快速性、鲁棒性和自适应性方面效果良好,从而验证了系统的软硬件设计能够很好地回收电动汽车再生制动能量.由于软硬件采用了模块化设计,通用性好、灵活性强,可作为开发平台,应用于多种控制器的设计.     

Analysis of a regenerative braking system for Hybrid Electric Vehicles using an Electro-Mechanical Brake

The regenerative braking system of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a key technology that can improve fuel efficiency by 20∼50%, depending on motor size. In the regenerative braking system, the electronically controlled brake subsystem that directs the braking forces into four wheels independently is indispensable. This technology is currently found in the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) and in Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC). As braking technologies progress toward brake-by-wire systems, the development of Electro-Mechanical Brake (EMB) systems will be very important in the improvement of both fuel consumption and vehicle safety. This paper investigates the modeling and simulation of EMB systems for HEVs. The HEV powertrain was modeled to include the internal combustion engine, electric motor, battery and transmission. The performance simulation for the regenerative braking system of the HEV was performed using MATLAB/Simulink. The control performance of the EMB system was evaluated via the simulation of the regenerative braking of the HEV during various driving conditions.     

并联混合动力客车再生制动仿真研究

建立了并联式混合动力汽车动力学模型,并对纯电机制动模式和机电混合模式混合动力汽车能量再生制动进行了仿真。仿真结果表明：对于纯电机模式,制动效能低,能量回收率达29％;对于机电混合制动模式,制动效能高,能量回收率仅2％。     

Improvement of drivability and fuel economy with a hybrid antiskid braking system in hybrid electric vehicles

When braking on wet roads, Antilock Braking System (ABS) control can be triggered because the available brake torque is not sufficient. When the ABS system is active, for a hybrid electric vehicle, the regenerative brake is switched off to safeguard the normal ABS function. When the ABS control is terminated, it would be favorable to reactivate the regenerative brake. However, recurring cycles from ABS to motor regenerative braking could occur. This condition is felt to be unpleasant by the driver and has adverse effects on driving stability. In this paper, a novel hybrid antiskid braking system using fuzzy logic is proposed for a hybrid electric vehicle that has a regenerative braking system operatively connected to an electric traction motor and a separate hydraulic braking system. This control strategy and the method for coordination between regenerative and hydraulic braking are developed. The motor regenerative braking controller is designed. Control of regenerative and hydraulic braking force distribution is investigated. The simulation and experimental results show that vehicle braking performance and fuel economy can be improved and the proposed control strategy and method are effective and robust.     

一种电动汽车制动能量回收系统研究

文章以某款纯电动车制动能量回收系统为研究对象,首先,设计一种电液助力系统,阐述其结构方案和工作原理,接着基于该电液助力系统开展纯电动车串行制动能量回收系统设计研究,包括结构方案、控制方案、电气方案;实现在某款纯电动车产品上的搭载应用开发,结果表明,基于该电液助力系统的纯电动车能量回收系统,实现车辆在制动或减速阶段,机械-液压制动力与电机回馈制动力实时协调,最大限度地回收制动能量,并且获得较好的制动稳定性和“踏板感”,单个ECE循环工况经济性贡献率最高达28.9%。