柴油机后处理系统一维数值模拟

以准稳态流动的压力损失方程与传热方程为计算依据,将过滤体看成是一维单通道流动管道的集合,建立了DPF一维流动模型,模拟过滤体;以BJ493ZQ3发动机为试验用发动机,建立发动机模型,将DPF模型连接在发动机排气管尾端,集合为系统整体模型,模拟系统排气阻力。计算与试验结果都表明,固定转速,低负荷时,系统排气阻力与负荷近似呈线性关系,高负荷时,二者近似呈二次曲线关系。计算给出了柴油机加装壁流式碳化硅DPF在实际不同运行条件下的排气背压MAP图,用来标定控制器,同时为DPF的再生控制策略提供了依据。     

柴油机排气PM特性及其净化技术研究

分析了柴油机排气PM特性及其净化方法,比较了不同的过滤体再生技术。设计了一种新型的逆向喷气再生装置的反吹管螺旋喷吹和扫气阀结构,实现了过滤体逆向喷气再生技术的车载应用。     

车用柴油机微粒捕集器热再生的一维数值模拟

以壁流式蜂窝陶瓷微粒捕集器(DPF)为研究对象,建立了DPF一维热再生过程的数学模型。对陶瓷孔道内微粒(PM)的燃烧过程及其温度分布进行了模拟,结果表明,再生过程进行到一半时,DPF载体的温度达到最大值。设计时必须保证在此温度下DPF的载体壁面不会发生破裂,以免影响其正常工作。     

车用柴油机微粒捕集器流场的数值模拟与分析

研究的柴油机微粒捕集器采用目前应用最为广泛的壁流式蜂窝陶瓷作为过滤体,根据其结构对称性和内部流动数学模型,建立了稳态层流的过滤体内部流动CFD仿真模型,并运用离散格式分离求解器进行求解。仿真计算与试验验证表明模型能准确反映过滤体内部流动特性。     

柴油机颗粒捕集器热再生的影响因素研究

利用GT-Power软件建立柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)的热再生模型,运用离线再生的方法进行DPF的热再生试验,用试验结果验证模型的准确性。结合模拟和试验的结果,分析了DPF结构和运行参数对热再生过程中壁面峰值温度、最大温度梯度、再生持续时间的影响。结果表明,再生时的壁面峰值温度和再生速率随壁厚、CPSI、过滤体长度的增加而降低,再生过程中的壁面峰值温度随再生加热温度和碳烟累积量的增加而增加,随入口流量的增加而减小,提高再生气体中的氧浓度有助于提高总体的再生速率和再生效率,但会增加再生时的壁面温度和温度梯度。     

旋转式过滤体颗粒捕集器流场分析

以颗粒捕集器旋转式过滤体为研究对象,建立了旋转式载体的多孔介质仿真模型,在此模型基础上研究了旋转式过滤体内部气-粒两相流的速度场及其影响因素,分析了排气流速、直径比、进气扩张角等参数对过滤体内流动均匀性和涡流损失的影响规律,并据此提出了优化准则。研究结果表明:当颗粒捕集器入口流速从20 m/s提高至80 m/s时,过滤体内气流流动均匀性会增加,但流场基本结构变化微小;当过滤体直径比在4~6之间变化时,其数值越大,过滤体表面的流动均匀性越差,过滤体利用率越低,当直径比继续增加到超过某一特定数值后,过滤体内流场分布基本不再发生变化;当进气扩张角在60°~120°之间变化时,扩张角越大,颗粒捕集器扩张管内越容易产生涡流,并首先在过滤体相对位置为0.8的地方产生,随着扩张角的增大,涡流强度和区域都会增大,减小扩张角可以减弱过滤体内进气回流现象,改善流场分布均匀性。     

A Research on the Mechanism and Influence of Ash Deposition in DPF Regeneration

利用GT-Power软件建立柴油机微粒捕集器再生仿真模型,并进行仿真,以分析再生中形成的灰分沉积对捕集器过滤效率和再生过程的影响.结果表明,灰分沉积不但会减小过滤体有效过滤面积,增大排气背压,从而降低载体的过滤性能;还会加剧微粒的燃烧,增大载体温度梯度.在再生平衡过程中,排气背压会缓慢上升,而再生平衡点温度会随着灰分沉积量的增加而下降.     

DPF孔道结构参数优化设计

以降低流动阻力为目的开展DPF孔道结构参数优化设计,运用GT-Power建立DPF仿真模型,研究非对称孔道边长比、孔密度和过滤壁厚对颗粒物捕集过程中DPF压降和捕集效率的影响,并以非对称孔道边长比、孔密度和过滤壁厚为设计参数,二次序列规划算法为优化算法,DPF捕集效率为约束,优化DPF孔道结构参数。结果表明:DPF采用进口孔道边长大于出口孔道边长的非对称孔道结构可以降低颗粒物饼层捕集过程中DPF的压降,但同时降低了DPF的捕集效率;采用提高孔密度的方法可以在一定范围内降低DPF的压降,同时提高DPF的捕集效率;降低DPF过滤壁厚可以有效降低DPF压降,但也会降低DPF的捕集效率。综合优化结果,DPF进出口孔道边长比值为1.024 8、孔密度为62孔/cm~2、过滤壁厚为0.333 mm时,DPF压降降低26%以上,饼层捕集效率保持98%以上。     

柴油机颗粒物后处理技术综述

通过调研国内外文献,介绍了柴油机颗粒物污染现状、颗粒物后处理技术、壁流式颗粒捕集器(DPF)的工作原理、材料和结构类型、捕集器再生技术和控制策略等。堇青石陶瓷壁流式DPF具有成本和性能方面的优势,占据主要市场份额,再生技术是DPF应用的关键。与主动再生技术相比,被动再生具有结构简单、节约油耗等优势,可通过涂敷催化剂、前置DOC和辅助主动再生等方法确保再生效果。     

车用柴油机微粒捕集器捕集特性模拟计算与分析

建立了柴油机微粒捕集器压力损失的2D数学模型,结合过滤理论,对洁净的壁流式蜂窝陶瓷过滤体的过滤效率和压力损失进行了数值模拟和试验分析。结果表明,数学模型较为准确地反映了实际情况,数值模拟结果对柴油机微粒捕集器的优化设计有参考价值。     

微粒捕集器微元管内流场的CFD分析

壁流式陶瓷微粒捕集器是柴油机上一种有效的过滤微粒措施,根据其结构对称性和内部流动数学模型．分别建立边长为2．4mm、2．0mm、1．6mm的相邻微元管的三维模型．研究其静压力分布、速度分布、炭颗粒浓度分布规律,结果表明2．4mm边长的模型效果最好,仿真计算的结果能反映过滤体内部流动规律。CFD数值模拟方法能缩短周期,便于改变模型参数,是研究颗粒捕集器流场的有效方法。     

Performance of radial-type metal foam diesel particulate filters

An analytical study of the performance of a radial-type, metal foam diesel particulate filter is reported. A mathematical model for the filtration and regeneration of soot in a metal foam filter was developed. Nickel foam was selected for the filter medium due to its large specific area, high porosity, and high thermal resistance. For various metal foams, the filtration efficiency and the pressure drop through the filter were calculated, as was the deposition of soot. The results from the analytical model were compared with experimental data. In comparison with a conventional wall flow filter, the metal foam diesel particulate filter (DPF) is effective in utilizing the volume of material, due to the porous structures. As the size of the metal foam pores in the DPF increases from 580 μm to 800 μm, the filtration efficiency decreases from 90% to 50%, and the pressure drop decreases from 380 mbar to 20 mbar. The metal foam DPF with a large pore size is effective in utilizing the volume of material with a small pressure drop. The regeneration is completed within four minutes by the flow of hot exhaust gases under full load conditions.     

Pressure drop and heat transfer of catalyzed diesel particulate filters due to changes in soot loading and flow rate

When soot particles are loaded in a diesel particulate filter, it causes increase in back pressure of the exhaust system. To minimize this pressure drop due to DPF, the filter needs to be regenerated after a certain amount of soot has been accumulated. It is crucial to estimate the correct amount of soot that has been accumulated by measuring the differential pressure. It is also important to understand changes in pressure drop due to flow rate variations of the exhaust gas, since the pressure drop would be influenced by the exhaust flow rate as well as the amount of soot. Furthermore, the heat transfer characteristics of the catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) are another major issue, as the filter is occasionally exposed to high temperature gas. This study presents the characteristics of pressure drop according to the variation of soot loading and the mass flow rate in CDPF. In addition, heat transfer characteristics in the filter was investigated when a high temperature gas flows into the CDPF. Tests were performed in several CDPF samples having varying amounts of catalyst coating. Experimental results indicate that rig-based experiments are useful in understanding the characteristics of pressure drop in the CDPF. In the cake filtration region, a pressure drop has a proportional relationship according to soot loading and mass flow rate. It was found that an increased catalyst coating may lead to enhanced convective heat transfer.     

欧洲稳态测试循环工况下微粒捕集器的流场分析

结合欧洲稳态测试循环工况（ESC）,对目前广泛应用的壁流式蜂窝陶瓷微粒捕集器建立CFD仿真模型,研究其静压力分布、速度分布、碳颗粒浓度分布规律,预测其对再生反应的影响,并对比分析ESC几种工况下的流场状况及捕集效率,模拟结果显示高速工况下的微粒捕集器内流场速度和排气背压较大,并拥有较好的捕集效率。     

Simulation of flow in diesel particulate filter system using metal fiber filter media

Metal fiber is introduced as a new filter media in wall-flow Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) system. This technology has high temperature durability which is required for filter regeneration, and can maintain the mechanical strength even in the extreme exhaust-related vibrations of vehicles. However, the regeneration near the wall (outer layer) is more difficult because of the heat loss and reduced gas flow near the wall. In this study, a flow is simulated to determine the flow control method for the more uniform flow in all filter layer. By using Star CCM+ commercial software, we obtain local velocity, streamline, and pressure distributions in the filter, which are typically difficult to obtain from measurements. The major control factors are the filter porosity, size and location of the distribution plate, and the number of blades of the swirler. By placing the distribution plate in front of the filter, the flow velocity near the wall was increased. The optimum location and size of the flat plate were chosen. By attaching the blade on the plate the flow velocity near the wall was increased more. Therefore, the regeneration efficiency is increased by using the swirler-type metal fiber DPF system.     

两种柴油机过滤器过滤效果对比研究

采用自行设计安装的柴油机微粒取样系统在5个工况下对袋滤器和陶瓷微粒过滤器过滤后的微粒进行采集:一部分样品用于过滤效率的对比,另外一部分样品利用气相色谱—质谱技术(GC—MS)用于排气微粒中可溶有机成分(SOF)的分析。通过对过滤效率、微粒成分相对质量和微粒中SOF与IOF所占比例的分析对比可以看出,袋滤器是一种较好的柴油机微粒过滤器。