应用于汽车减振的磁流变液阻尼器的设计原理

应用智能材料磁流变液（MR）构造出的半主动悬架减振系统，可以用于对车辆振动的控制。MR流体具有的独特性质在于：在强磁场的作用下，可由牛顿流体变为粘塑流体，而变液阻尼器则具有结构简单、体积小、工作连续可逆，能耗小等优点。本文介绍了磁流变液的材料特性，建立了磁流变液阻尼器的阻尼力数学模型，并提出设计变阻尼器时参数的选取原则。     

适用于车辆的旋转式磁流变阻尼器研究

提出一种旋转式磁流变阻尼器,旋转式磁流变部件(磁流变离合器)产生阻尼矩,前端整合的一套转换往复直线运动为阻尼盘片旋转运动的滚动螺旋机构将阻尼转矩变成阻尼器的可调阻尼力。实验和计算表明这种阻尼器能适用于汽车阻尼减振场合。     

磁流变阻尼器动力学特性研究

从材料流变特性和动力学、机械学、电磁学的角度出发，建立了磁流阻尼器的动力学模型。应用该模型可由磁流变阻尼器设计参数得到其动力学特性，如力—速度曲线，并与试验结果相吻合，为磁流阻尼器设计和性能预测提供了参考。     

斜拉索磁流变智能阻尼控制系统分析与设计

在结构主动、半主动和智能控制系统优化设计方法的基础上,研究了斜拉索磁流变智能阻尼控制系统的设计方法,并采用所建立的设计方法完成了山东滨州黄河公路大桥斜拉索磁流变智能阻尼减振系统的优化设计。采用限界HROVAT最优控制算法确定磁流变阻尼器的半主动控制力,数值计算了斜拉索磁流变阻尼控制系统的风振反应。进一步分析比较了主动控制、半主动控制、Passive-on被动控制和Passive-off被动控制策略下的磁流变阻尼器控制斜拉索风致振动的控制效果,验证了磁流变阻尼器优化设计方法的正确性和磁流变阻尼器控制策略的有效性。     

磁流变阻尼器在洪山大桥拉索减振中的应用

介绍了一种新型磁流变(MR)阻尼器--永磁调节装配式磁流变阻尼器在长沙洪山大桥拉索减振的应用及试验研究情况,得到了安装阻尼器前后拉索的动力特性,结果表明这种新型磁流变阻尼器能有效地提高拉索的模态阻尼比,抑制拉索的大幅振动.由于该阻尼器无需供电,装配简单,维修方便,与其他的磁流变阻尼器相比,具有较高的推广应用价值.     

基于磁流变阻尼器的发动机振动模糊PID控制

在对发动机激振力及动力学模型分析的基础上,提出一种模糊PID控制方法,设计出了基于磁流变阻尼器的发动机振动控制的半主动模糊PID控制器,并运用MATLAB/Simulink对隔振控制系统进行了对比仿真.仿真结果显示,与橡胶隔振垫和PID控制相比,采用模糊PID控制的磁流变阻尼器的发动机有更明显的隔振效果,表明了磁流变阻尼器在汽车发动机上运用的可行性.     

The Design of Feedback Controller for the Suspension System with Saturated Uncertain Magneto-theological Damper

首先分析了磁流变阻尼器悬架系统的闭环稳定性.应用饱和模型描述了磁流变阻尼器的主要物理特性,这一模型弱化了磁流变阻尼器Bouc-Wen模型的强非线性.接着利用凸包技术对悬架系统状态方程时变参数矩阵和非线性饱和项进行线性化处理.再根据相关引理和Lyapunov函数稳定性理论,将反馈控制器求解问题转化为若干LMI约束条件下的凸优化问题.最后通过求解LMI凸优化问题的最优解,设计出悬架系统的闭环反馈控制器,并给出了最大稳定吸引域.仿真结果表明,磁流变阻尼器的减振效果明显地优于传统阻尼器.     

磁流变阻尼器在洪山大桥拉索减振中的应用

介绍了一种新型磁流变（MR）阻尼器——永磁调节装配式磁流变阻尼器在长沙洪山大桥拉索减振的应用及试验研究情况，得到了安装阻尼器前后拉索的动力特性，结果表明这种新型磁流变阻尼器能有效地提高拉索的模态阻尼比，抑制拉索的大幅振动。由于该阻尼器无需供电，装配简单，维修方便，与其他的磁流变阻尼器相比，具有较高的推广应用价值。     

车用磁流变阻尼器的试验及力学建模研究

针对某型号车用磁流变阻尼器进行阻尼特性试验,得到阻尼器的阻尼力在不同工况下与位移、速度的变化曲线.结合Bouc-Wen模型对磁流变阻尼器进行力学建模,推导出模型各参数与加载电流的关系,进而得出电流与阻尼力之间的关系.最后,对比模型仿真结果与试验测试结果,验证磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力可控.     

基于磁流变阻尼器的车辆半主动悬架最优控制的研究

文中用所建的1/4车辆模型对采用磁流变阻尼器的半主动悬架实施最优控制进行研究.采用改进型Bouc-Wen模型来模拟磁流变阻尼器.利用小种群遗传算法对随机最优控制器的权值进行寻优.仿真结果表明,采用最优控制的磁流变阻尼器半主动悬架性能指标明显优于被动悬架.     

复合式减振器对柴油机噪声影响的试验研究

设计了一种可调频的动力减振器和原柴油机上的橡胶扭振减振器组成了扭／弯复合式减振器。在一直列6缸车用柴油机上进行了噪声影响试验。研究结果表明，选择合适的减振频率，复合减振器对于轴系的三维振动具有良好的减振效果，发动机的噪声也可以得到一定程度的抑制。     

Vibration reduction of H/Shaft using an electromagnetic damper with mode change

The objective of this study is to develop a damper that can reduce the amplitude of vibration in various frequency ranges. Previous H/Shaft vibration reduction methods work in a passive way. A dynamic damper reduces the amplitude of vibration at its first mode, but vibration still appears at the second mode. A mass damper or hollow shaft can shift the natural frequency to a lower or higher region. The fixed operating frequency prevents vibration from being reduced outside the operating frequency range. The proposed damper uses electromagnets as either masses or actuators to change the damper mode between dynamic damper mode and mass damper mode. The electromagnetic damper (EMD) can change its mode to respond to the vibration excitation at both low and high frequencies. The vibration reduction performance was evaluated by FRF tests in laboratory and vehicle conditions. The results were compared with those of a dynamic damper and indicate that the amplitude of vibration is reduced by 95.6 % when the EMD is implemented on an H/Shaft, whereas only 61.9 % vibration reduction is achieved by the dynamic damper.     

Dynamic behaviour of a high-speed train hydraulic yaw damper

This paper focuses on revealing the dynamic behaviour of a hydraulic yaw damper under very small excitation conditions. First, the measured yaw damper movement is presented when a train experiences unstable motions. It shows that the yaw damper is characterized by very small harmonic movement between 0.5 and 2?mm. Following this, a simplified physical model of the yaw damper is developed which has the ability to reproduce its dynamic performance in the range of operating conditions, and then suitably validated with experimental results. At last, the dynamic behaviour of the yaw damper under very small amplitudes is investigated by comparing with its static behaviour, and the dynamic stiffness and damping in terms of key parameters are studied. It is concluded that there is a great difference in the damper performance between dynamic and static conditions which is caused by the internal damper flexibility under small amplitudes. The percentage of entrapped air in oil, rubber attachment stiffness, and leakage flow have a great effect on the dynamic behaviour of the yaw damper related to the dynamic stiffness and damping. The effect is even more remarkable for smaller amplitudes regarding the dissolved air in oil. Oil leakage has a greater impact on dynamic damping than dynamic stiffness. The series stiffness of the yaw damper is mainly provided by the spring effect of the oil when the rubber attachment stiffness reached a certain limit, and an additional increase in rubber attachment stiffness becomes useless to further enhance the overall stiffness of the damper.     

Load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological damper

In this paper, a load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological (MR) damper is investigated. In this suspension system, the MR damper is connected to a spring to form a load-leveling suspension system. The system effective stiffness and damping can be adjusted by controlling the MR damper. The characteristics of a load-leveling suspension system are studied first. When the linear damper is replaced with an MR damper, the averaging method is adopted to obtain the steady-state response of the nonlinear system. A comparison demonstrates that the results of the averaging method are in good agreement with those obtained by numerical simulations. The analytical results are then verified experimentally. The load-leveling suspension system studied here is able to adjust both suspension stiffness and damping and, hence, it may provide more effective vibration control in a wider frequency range, when the damper is controlled.     

Load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological damper

In this paper, a load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological (MR) damper is investigated. In this suspension system, the MR damper is connected to a spring to form a load-leveling suspension system. The system effective stiffness and damping can be adjusted by controlling the MR damper. The characteristics of a load-leveling suspension system are studied first. When the linear damper is replaced with an MR damper, the averaging method is adopted to obtain the steady-state response of the nonlinear system. A comparison demonstrates that the results of the averaging method are in good agreement with those obtained by numerical simulations. The analytical results are then verified experimentally. The load-leveling suspension system studied here is able to adjust both suspension stiffness and damping and, hence, it may provide more effective vibration control in a wider frequency range, when the damper is controlled.     

Analysis of a Passive Sequential Hydraulic Damper for Vehicle Suspension

Vibration isolation characteristics of a sequential hydraulic damper, employing external pressure relief valves, are investigated via analytical means. The sequential hydraulic damper is modelled as a nonlinear dynamical system incorporating nonlinearities due to orifice flows, gas spring and pressure relief mechanisms. The damping characteristics of the sequential hydraulic damper, are compared to those of a constant orifice and a semi-active sequential damper, and discussed in view of their vibration isolation performance. It is established that the performance characteristics of the sequential hydraulic damper are similar to that of a semi-active sequential damper. A tuning methodology to achieve appropriate control of the resonant peak and effective vibration isolation is proposed. The shock and vibration isolation performance of the vehicle model employing a sequential damper are evaluated and compared to those of the vehicle model employing a constant orifice hydraulic damper. It is concluded that the vehicle ride performance can be improved considerably using an adequately tuned sequential damper.     

Damper modeling for dynamic simulation of a large bus with MR damper

In this study, a large bus is tested to measure its dynamic response by the single-lane change test and the rapid stop test. A full car model is established by ADAMS/Car for computer simulation. For multibody modeling of a large bus, user-defined templates are used in the simulation. Simulation results of the single-lane change test and the rapid braking test are compared to the results of the physical experiments, in which several sensors are installed to measure the vehicle’s responses. The results obtained from the simulation show good agreement with the tests’ results. A dynamic model for the MR(magnetic-rheological) damper is also developed by employing the Magic Formula model, which is widely used in the nonlinear modeling of a tire. Bump simulation of a full car with the MR damper is carried out to verify the performance of the MR damper. The comparison of the simulation results obtained with the MR damper model to the results obtained with the traditional passive damper model showed improved response of the vehicle with the MR damper.     

汽车动力传动系双质量飞轮-径向弹簧型扭振减振器弹性特性设计方法

本文建立了双质量飞轮－径向弹簧型DMF－RS扭振减振器的弹性特性表达式并进行了理论探讨，提出了该减振器弹性机构的设计方法，可实现理想的硬非线性弹性特性。即在发动机怠速工况下具有很低的扭转刚度，在汽车行驶工况下具有随传递转矩渐增的扭转刚度，同时可保证减振器的极限工作扭角和极限弹性转矩都尽可能大。文中还基于某轿车动力传动系的多自由度集总质量一弹性扭振分析模型，计算分析了采用DMF－RS型减振器的动力传动系扭振固有特性，证实了该减振器的扭振控制性能。     

一种用于车辆半主动悬架控制的磁流变阻尼器模型

文中对适用于车辆半主动悬架控制器设计的磁流变阻尼器模型进行研究.首先分析阻尼力与位移、速度以及输入电流之间的关系,并结合现有阻尼器模型的优点,提出一种精确的便于控制的双曲正切磁滞模型.接着,将磁流变阻尼器安装在硬件在环仿真平台上进行试验,利用试验得到的阻尼器动态特性数据,进行阻尼器模型的参数辨识和曲线拟合.最后,将基于拟合参数的模型仿真结果与试验数据进行比较,验证了模型的正确性.     

斜拉桥拉索减振阻尼器对拉索索力测量的影响研究

针对采用频率法测量拉索索力时拉索外加阻尼器对索力测量精度影响的问题,提出了考虑拉索垂度的拉索-阻尼器系统模态频率的分析方法,研究了阻尼器安装的相对高度、拉索的计算长度、阻尼系数等对拉索模态频率的影响程度和规律,获得了消除拉索减振阻尼器对索力测量精度影响的办法。研究表明,外加阻尼器对拉索低阶模态频率影响很大,采用高阶模态频率测量拉索索力时,索力测量能获得很好的精度。随着拉索-阻尼器系统相对安装长度和阻尼系数的增大,阻尼器对拉索模态频率的影响也越大,当阻尼系数增加到一定程度后,拉索的高阶模态频率基本与阻尼系数无穷大时的频率接近,阻尼器相当于固定支撑。以岳阳洞庭湖大桥A11号拉索为例,验证了该方法合理可行。