我国海员健康体检不合格现状分析及对策

介绍国际公约关于海员健康的相关要求以及我国的履约实践,对我国海员体检不合格情况进行统计及分析,提炼出海员体检不合格的主要项目,提出提高海员健康水平的相关对策和建议,可为我国海事主管机关、海员体检机构、航运企业以及广大海员提供参考和借鉴。     

中国海员的卫生保健

海员在从事航海或各种海上作业时,必然受到各种环境因素对机体的不良影响.如果能了解海员的卫生保健常识,采取科学有效的卫生保健措施,对海员的健康形成有利的预防和保护,对提高海员的健康水平和工作效率具有极其重要的现实意义.     

中国海员的减肥策略

近几年来,随着船舶自动化程度的不断提高,海员的工作强度与负荷逐步减少,加之各船公司越来越重视海员的饮食营养与医疗保健问题,使海员群体的健康状况有所改善.然而,在海员的健康水平逐步提高的同时,也带来了一个不容忽视的重要问题--海员肥胖症.据不完全统计,在我国海员群体中,约有55.7%的海员体重超重,约有25%～30%的海员为肥胖.海员肥胖症已经成为影响海员健康的又一个极其重要的因素.     

挑战在前，家在后 中国外派海员生存现状调查篇

2011年7月1日,《中华人民共和国海员外派管理规定》正式实施。这一规定旨在规范海员外派管理,维护外派海员的合法权益,提高我国外派海员的整体素质和国际形象,促进海员外派事业的健康发展。中国外派海员生存现状究竟如何?中国外派海员的管理经历了怎样的发展沿革?海员外派管理规定实施后又将对行业产生怎样的影响?让我们一起聚焦外派海员。     

2020全球限硫令对海员权益的影响

2020全球限硫令的推出,对各方均造成了极大的影响。为确保海员权益不受损害,文章结合国内外资料以及对部分海员的访谈,在国内首次系统分析了2020全球限硫令的实施对海员在人身安全、职业健康、工作休息、工资报酬、责任追究等五方面影响;并首次从船东和主管机关的角度分别提出了履行2020全球限硫令时保护海员权益的建议,即船东要加强培训、确保船舶配员、关注海员职业健康和工资报酬,船旗国和港口国主管机关要加强海员权益保护检查、确保提供合格燃料油以及给予海员足够的宽容和理解等。     

我国海员劳务外派市场存在问题及对策研究

通过对我国海员劳务输出现状分析可以看出，虽然我们已经成为世界海员劳务重要输出国之一，但海员劳务输出市场仍然存在外派海员规模不大、海员自身素质不高、海员培训机制不合理和市场经营秩序有待完善等问题，本文在综合分析研究的基础上，给出了解决问题的对策，以推进我国海员劳务外派事业健康发展。     

新形势下提升海员职业吸引力的建议

海员是海洋开发和水上交通运输的先行者,作为交通劳动者大军的重要组成部分,在服务国家战略实施、促进航运经济发展等方面发挥着重要的作用,是航运业高质量发展的重要人才支撑和保障。新形势下海员作用更加凸显,我们要把关爱海员提升到战略高度,航运企业通过调整薪酬待遇、提升海员归属感;行业组织通过宣传海员价值、关注海员健康问题、弘扬航海文化,提升海员职业社会认可度,激发海员职业自豪感;海事主管机构通过加强海员培训、服务和外派机构监管、提升海员境外突发事件的处理能力和水平,保障境外海员生命财产及其合法权益等一系列措施来改善海员职业发展环境,提升海员职业吸引力。     

政策

《中华人民共和国海员外派管理规定》自2011年7月1日起施行 为规范海员外派管理,维护外派海员的合法权益,促进海员外派事业的健康发展,近日,交通运输部颁布《中华人民共和国海员外派管理规定》,自2011年7月1日起施行．该规定要求从事海员外派的机构应当对其派出的外派海员负责,     

中国海员常见职业病分析及预防

<正>《2006海事劳工公约》提出的海员体面工作的内涵中必然包含了海员具备健康的身体条件和良好的精神状态,中国政府和主管机关近年来为提高中国海员的健康状况做出了许多富有成效的努力。绝大部分航运企业对于海员健康状况给予高度重视,海员因为身体原因需要离船就医或者遣返回国治疗,普遍能得到及时和妥善安排。本文以中国海员因病离船就医和遣返回国继续治疗病例的统计数据作为切入点,对中国海员高发病因进行分析,并对比其他国家海员因病离船就医和遣返的病因,     

从富裕水深看美国内河航行安全

美国对涉及航行的助航仪器和人员操作逐项进行严格细致的检查. 文件检查:查核符合安全配员的文件,比较海员名单与到港通知(NOA)申报一致,海员最低年龄至少满15岁.核实健康情况,张贴海员值班表格,有证据表明海员符合休息和值班要求,评估人员安全配备状况.     

海员心理健康的研究

本文对海员心理健康研究方法、海员心理健康现状及其影响因素、海员心理卫生保障等方面进行了回顾与展望，提出了保障海员心理卫生的相关建议，为海员心理健康的深入研究提供借鉴。     

浅析海员素质的构成

通过剖析海员素质结构及其作用,论述了海员素质构成及在航海过程中的地位和意义,简述了加强海员素质培养的途径。为进一步深化高等航海教育改革,全方位开展海员素质教育,最终达到培养高质量的航海类高级人才目标。     

A study of the role of seafarers in combating piracy off the coast of Nigeria

Piracy off the coast of Nigeria portends grave danger to the economic, security, and sociopolitical development of the country. It also threatens both international and regional trade as well as the stability of the West African sub-region. Despite Nigerian government’s attempts to curb piracy caused by poverty, unemployment, including corrupt and weak maritime regulatory and security institutions, attacks by pirates have continued to occur off the country’s coast. Consequent upon the adverse effects of piratical attacks on their day to day activities, seafarers can facilitate the suppression of piracy off the Nigerian coast. This paper uses statistics, provisions of international instruments and domestic legislations, the United Nations Security Council resolutions, soft laws, and opinions of researchers to examine the nature, causes, and effects of piracy on seafarers in Nigeria. The author argues that seafarers are necessary partners to curb piracy off the coast of Nigeria through enforcing maritime security conventions and other related instruments as well as testifying against pirates during trials. In conclusion, this paper contends that acts of piracy adversely affect crew members’ life, health, family, job, and finance thereby providing an overwhelming motivation for seafarers to play a role in suppressing piracy off the Nigerian coast.     

Burnout in seafarers: its antecedents and effects on incidents at sea

Seafarer health and well-being has long been a concern in the shipping industry because of the unique characteristics of working at sea. This paper aims to identify the role of burnout in seafarer health and well-being and its effect on safety. In particular, we differentiated seafarer burnout into personal and work-related burnout to reflect the ambiguous distinction between rest and work in seafarers’ job environment. We also investigate the effectiveness of emotion regulation for seafarers to reduce burnout. This study proposes a conceptual framework to identify the causal relationship between occupational stress, sleepiness, emotion regulation, burnout, and incidents at sea. To verify the proposed framework, scales were adapted from established scales in the literature; a cross-sectional survey was also conducted to collect empirical data for analysis with path and simultaneous equation models. The analysis results revealed that personal and work-related burnout in seafarers are mutually affected; however, only work-related burnout exerts a direct effect on incidents. Reappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy in seafarers to reduce personal burnout, but not work-related burnout. Occupational stress and sleepiness exert positive effects on both personal and work-related burnout; yet, their effect on incidents is mediated by work-related burnout.     

色彩在船舶上的应用与安全

船舶上的色彩应用会直接影响海员的情绪、情感，进而影响到海员的身心健康和工作效率。分析和研究色彩的特性，将有利于揭示色彩与环境以及色彩与情绪、行为的关系，为色彩设计提供依据，给海员一个温馨的生活和安全的工作环境，以消除色彩搭配不当对海员造成的不良影响，减少人为因素导致的海上事故的发生。     

深化船员培训、考试体制改革 提高船员综合素质

文中指出了《中华人民共和国船员培训管理规则》(交通运输部2009年10号令)为我国船员培训体制的改革奠定了基础,分析了我国目前船员培训、监管和考评体系改革的必要性,并通过对英国的职业教育模式和美国、菲律宾的船员考试监管模式的分析,提出了我国船员培训体制改革的新构想和船员考试、评估模式改革的新思路。     

浅谈新常态下海员的现状与可持续发展

海员是我国从海洋大国向海洋强国转变的中流砥柱,他们为发展国民经济、保证航运安全和扩大对外开放做出了巨大的贡献。但是从当前形势来分析,我国对海员的教育培训力度和关怀力度却远远跟不上海洋经济的发展。文中主要指出我国海员目前所面临的发展现状,结合国外海员的发展模式及可吸取的经验,对我国海员的可持续发展做出较为全面的策略探讨。     

Selective replacement of national by non-national seafarers in OECD countries and the employment function in the maritime sector

Commonly, in the shipping industry of the developed Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, national seafarers are progressively being replaced by non-national ones. The present paper aims to provide a model for this tendency. Our analysis is based on the assumption that when shipowners are called to make decisions concerning crew characteristics (such as crew composition and employment levels), they address themselves to two distinct seafarer markets: the domestic (seafarers from OECD countries, henceforth to be referred to as ‘national’) and the non-national (seafarers from other countries). Whilst workers of the first market are better examples in the field of ‘on-the-job-performance’ (in terms of efficiency and loyalty) than workers of the second, shipowners set their domestic employment rule with the view to maximize their profits facing wages and ‘on-the-job-performance’ from national and non-national seafarers alike. Thus, national seafarers are chiefly recruited as officers and the employment level of non-national seafarers are residual, formed thereafter. Our findings point out that the employment rule concerning nationals is negatively affected by the former's wages, and positively by the wage increases of non-national seafarers and by eventual increases of the differential between the ‘on the job performance’ of nationals and that of non-national seafarers of corresponding specialisation.     

促进我国海员事业发展的相关建议

文中分析了我国海员面临的职业风险,指出了目前中国海员的社会现状,提出了提升海员社会地位和福利待遇的五点建议。