舰船保障性设计研究

文章首先介绍了国内外装备保障性现状;在分析舰船保障性设计要求与舰船装备特点、舰船全寿命周期保障性设计因素的基础上,提出了舰船设计与舰船保障性设计同步实施方法;最后,描述了舰船保障性设计过程,并为全面开展舰船保障性设计提出了建议.     

基于云计算的舰船大规模任务调度优化

当前舰船任务调度优化方法针对小规模任务,对于大规模舰船任务,它们存在搜索最优舰船任务调度方案时间长,舰船任务无法在有效时间内完成,为了加快舰船任务完成速度,结合舰船任务的大规模特点,设计了基于云计算的舰船大规模任务调度优化方法。首先对舰船大规模任务调度优化问题进行分析,将它们划分成为多个小规模舰船任务调度优化问题,然后基于云计算平台的map/reuduce模式对多个小规模舰船任务调度优化问题进行并行处理,并对多个小规模舰船任务采用混合智能优化算法进行求解,最后得到舰船大规模任务调度优化结果,并进行了舰船大规模任务调度优化问题的仿真测试。本文方法大幅度减少了舰船大规模任务调度优化时间,提高了舰船大规模任务完成效率,是一种有效、速度快的舰船大规模任务调度优化方法。     

舰船动力装置系统仿真模型研究

文章研究了舰船动力装置系统仿真模型,讨论了舰船动力装置系统设计的复杂性和难度,介绍了舰船涡轮增压柴油机仿真系统模型和舰船燃气轮机仿真系统模型及其它们在舰船动力装置中的应用.     

利用船载GPS姿态仪提高磁场的测量精度

舰船的磁场是舰船物理场的重要信息,对它的测量对研究舰船物理场的特征具有重要的意义。然而,在海水中舰船的磁场信息势必受到舰船姿态信息变化的影响,因此提出修正舰船姿态信息对磁场测量影响的方法。本文具体论述了用船载GPS姿态仪获取舰船姿态信息的原理和实现方法,并提出了用舰船姿态信息修正舰船磁场的计算方法,从而提高舰船磁场的测量精度。     

神经网络的舰船航迹跟踪分析

舰船航迹具有比较强的时变性,对其进行研究具有重要意义。针对传统舰船航迹跟踪分析方法难以准确、在线性对舰船航迹进行跟踪,舰船航迹跟踪误差大的缺陷,设计了基于神经网络的舰船航迹跟踪分析方法。首先分析了舰船航迹跟踪的原理,指出各种舰船航迹跟踪分析方法的局限性,然后通过神经网络对舰船航迹进行有效拟合,建立舰船航迹跟踪分析模型,并对神经网络的相关参数进行优化,最后进行舰船航迹跟踪分析仿真模拟测试,神经网络的舰船航迹跟踪误差小于5%,远远低于舰船航迹跟踪实际要求的15%,而且舰船航迹跟踪精度要高于传统舰船航迹跟踪分析方法,舰船航迹跟踪分析时间更短,能够进行舰船航迹在线跟踪分析,具有更高的实际应用价值。     

舰船通信网络的自适应路由算法设计

路由算法是保障舰船通信网络正常工作的关键技术,当前舰船通信网络路由算法没有全面考虑节点能量限制问题,使得舰船通信网络的路由并非最优,导致舰船通信网络数据传输错误率高,舰船通信网络生存周期过短,为了提高舰船通信网络的通信质量,加快舰船通信网络数据传输速度,设计了一种自适应的舰船通信网络路由算法。首先对国内外舰船通信网络路由算法进行研究,找到引起各种算法不足的限制因素,然后模拟生物细胞分裂过程对舰船通信网络进行分簇,每一个簇包含不同规模的舰船通信网络通信节点,并舰船通信网络路由能耗最小、舰船通信网络生存周期最长为优化目标,构建最优的舰船通信网络通信路由,最后在Matlab 2016平台进行了舰船通信网络路由算法的性能测试实验。本文算法提高了舰船通信网络通信的平均吞吐量,舰船通信网络数据传输时延小,提高了舰船通信网络通信效率,有助于提高舰船通信网络的生存周期,具有十分高的实际应用价值。     

基于BP神经网络的舰船维修成本估计

舰船维修成本估计直接影响舰船企业的运营效益,针对当前舰船维修成本估计方法存在的一些局限性,以延长舰船寿命,提出基于BP神经网络的舰船维修成本估计方法。首先介绍当前舰船维修成本估计研究现状,找到当前各种舰船维修成本估计方法的不足,然后在此基础上依据舰船维修成本变化特点,引入BP神经网络建立舰船维修成本估计模型,最后通过Matalab2017平台实现了舰船维修成本估计仿真实验。相对当前其他的舰船维修成本估计方法,BP神经网络可以更好地跟踪舰船维修成本变化特点,不仅舰船维修成本估计精度高,而且舰船维修成本估计建模时间短,为解决复杂多变的舰船维修成本估计问题提供了一种新的方法。     

改进SIFT算法的舰船图像拼接算法

舰船图像在拍摄过程中,由于各种因素的干扰,得到舰船图像不完整,难以描述舰船图像所要表达目标的信息,而当前舰船图像拼接算法存在拼接准确率低、拼接过程复杂等不足,为了获得理想的舰船图像拼接结果,提出基于改进SIFT算法的舰船图像拼接算法。首先提取待拼接舰船的图像,并对它们进行归一化、颜色增强、噪声滤波等操作,然后采用改进SIFT算法提取舰船图像拼接特征点,根据特征点进行两幅舰船图像的拼接操作,最后采用多种舰船图像进行了拼接测试实验,以验证改进SIFT算法的优越性。结果表明,改进SIFT算法避免了当前舰船图像拼接算法存在的局限性,不仅能够以高准确率实现舰船图像拼接,而且舰船图像拼接过程更加简单,加快了舰船图像拼接速度,取得了满意的舰船图像拼接结果。     

数据挖掘技术的舰船磁性目标定位方法

针对传统舰船磁性目标定位方法在定位舰船磁性目标时,受到航行环境的影响,存在目标定位偏差大、时间长的缺点,提出数据挖掘技术的舰船磁性目标定位方法。根据舰船磁性目标特征的确定原理,确定了舰船磁性目标的特征,采用数据挖掘技术将舰船磁性目标特征提取出来,利用平滑处理技术对舰船磁性目标特征进行滤波处理,在引入舰船磁性目标的边缘停止函数基础上,对舰船磁性目标特征进行映射,预处理了舰船磁性目标特征,通过分析舰船磁性目标的定位原理,布置磁性传感器,通过判断磁性传感器采集的舰船磁性目标是否有效,实现了舰船磁性目标的定位。实验结果表明,数据挖掘技术的舰船磁性目标定位方法不仅可以提高舰船磁性目标的定位精度,还可以加快目标定位速度。     

舰船通信网络的路由安全研究

路由是保证舰船通信网络数据成功传输的重要路径,当前舰船通信网络路由受到多种类型行为攻击,舰船通信网络路由极不安全,为了保证舰船通信网络路由安全,提高舰船通信网络数据传输成功率,设计了基于攻击频率的舰船通信网络路由安全评估模型。首先研究当前舰船通信网络路由安全评估模型的工作思想,分析舰船通信网络路由安全评估误差大的原因,然后采集舰船通信网络路由攻击频率数据,利用最小二乘支持向量机根据舰船通信网络路由攻击频率数据得到舰船通信网络路由安全评估结果,最后在Matlab 2016仿真环境进行了舰船通信网络路由安全评估实验,本文模型的舰船通信网络路由安全评估误差小,克服了当前其它模型存在的局限性,而且舰船通信网络路由安全评估效果优于当前其它模型,可以有效保证舰船通信网络通信安全。     

安全水平法在SOLAS 救生艇结构强度衡准制定中的应用

本文将安全水平法应用于SOLAS第III章救生艇结构强度衡准的制定。主要采用综合安全评估对救生艇结构强度相关的功能性要求进行衡准的初步制定,从而得出需要的安全水平。基于强度衡准理论分析、实艇试验和事故数据分析相结合的方式评估了现有救生艇结构强度的安全水平,对衡准的合理性提出修改的建议。研究结果为安全水平法在船舶技术标准制定和安全水平评估方面的应用提供了实际案例和使用建议。     

Effect of freeboard and metacentric height on capsizing probability of purse seiners in irregular beam seas

The probability of capsize of purse seiners in irregular beam seas and the effect of freeboard height and metacentric height on trapped water on the deck was investigated. The aim was to quantify a safety level that can be achieved by direct stability assessment for this type of fishing vessel. The amount of trapped water on deck was numerically estimated using a hydraulic flow assumption. The long-term capsizing probabilities were estimated using a piecewise linear approach together with wave statistics from major Japanese fishing areas. The estimated safety level of capsizing probability was compared with that obtained by the IMO weather criterion and by the water-on-deck criterion of the IMO Torremolinos Convention. Numerical results for four typical Japanese purse seiners indicated that the effect of freeboard, on the amount of trapped water on deck, is more important than that of the metacentric height. Besides the metacentric height and the freeboard, it was shown that the danger of capsizing is a function of the rise of floor. The safety level obtained by the capsizing probability approach is generally higher than that based on the IMO weather criterion. However, the water-on-deck criterion provides a higher safety level than the capsizing probability approach for ships with a low rise of floor.     

Accident precursors and safety nets: leading indicators of tanker operations safety

Leading indicators, one type of accident precursor, are conditions, events or measures that precede an undesirable event and that have some value in predicting the arrival of the event, whether it is an accident, incident, near miss, or undesirable safety state. Leading indicators are associated with proactive activities that identify hazards and assess, eliminate, minimize and control risk. An empirical analysis of leading indicators of safety for an international energy transportation company was undertaken, utilizing a previously validated research model. Quantitative safety performance and qualitative safety culture data were obtained from 943 participants on 37 vessels from three fleets in the organization. Organizational, vessel and individual safety factors and leading indicators were identified and an analysis of fleet, vessel, and individual safety cultures was undertaken. The results indicate that individual and vessel-level leading indicators can provide important input to an organization's continuous safety measuring and monitoring systems.     

Accident precursors and safety nets: leading indicators of tanker operations safety

Leading indicators, one type of accident precursor, are conditions, events or measures that precede an undesirable event and that have some value in predicting the arrival of the event, whether it is an accident, incident, near miss, or undesirable safety state. Leading indicators are associated with proactive activities that identify hazards and assess, eliminate, minimize and control risk. An empirical analysis of leading indicators of safety for an international energy transportation company was undertaken, utilizing a previously validated research model. Quantitative safety performance and qualitative safety culture data were obtained from 943 participants on 37 vessels from three fleets in the organization. Organizational, vessel and individual safety factors and leading indicators were identified and an analysis of fleet, vessel, and individual safety cultures was undertaken. The results indicate that individual and vessel-level leading indicators can provide important input to an organization's continuous safety measuring and monitoring systems.     

集对分析法在长江干线水上交通安全上的应用

分析长江干线水上交通安全的风险因素,结合长江干线水上交通安全事故特点,建立人-船-环-管系统安全评价指标体系,共计21项指标。应用层次分析法确定指标权重,应用集对分析法（set-pair-analysis,SPA）确定评价标准级并构建长江干线水上交通安全评价模型,进行长江干线水上交通安全状况评价。评价结果可判断现状的危险度并能预测安全状况的发展趋势,为水上交通安全管理决策提供参考。     

港口机械安全性与港口生产安全

介绍国内港口机械安全性与港口生产安全状况,并从港口机械的安全性、港口机械对作业人员安全 的影响和装卸货物安全的影响3个方面,论述港口机械安全性与港口生产安全的关系。     

半潜式起重平台拆解作业安全监测系统研究

半潜式起重平台是海上导管架平台退役拆解的主要装备。本文以半潜式起重平台拆解作业安全为对象,研发了一种监测系统。针对其拆解作业过程中的各类风险,开展了监测系统设计需求分析并制定了整体方案；选择适用的传感器进行合理布置,实现了数据的采集与传输。研究了安全评估指标分级划分,建立了以三级报警机制为框架的安全评估体系；监测软件包括户权限管理、数据分析、数据查询、安全报警、监测日报等五大功能模块,实现了安全风险的实时监测和自动报警,可对半潜式起重平台拆解作业进行安全监测。     

Shipboard safety: exploring organizational and regulatory factors

ABSTRACT

How vessel crews perceive safety on board (shipboard safety) is a useful indication for the general safety level. In this study a theoretical model was explored, involving factors that could possibly influence shipboard safety. Based on a survey questionnaire (n = 244), safety climate, shipowner efficiency demands and regulatory activities were investigated as influencing factors. Structural equation modelling gave support to the theoretical model and the findings illustrate that simultaneous involvement of various levels of the maritime system (crews, shipowners, regulators) can be effective for safety improvements. The study indicates that shipboard safety is affected by actions and prioritization by external actors through safety climate. It suggests that the maritime industry will profit from monitoring safety climate as part of the ongoing risk considerations, as a supplement to reactive parameters such as accident statistics.     

舰船动力系统运行安全管理技术体系

为提高海军舰船装备可靠性与安全性,从装备需求出发,结合国内外相关技术的现状,对舰船动力系统运行安全管理技术进行了分析研究,给出了舰船动力系统运行安全管理系统的结构,并对相关技术进行分解,构建了舰船动力系统运行安全管理技术体系。     

安全指数法在成山头水域安全评价中的应用

介绍了安全指数法的原理,采用船舶运行安全指数法而建立的船舶交通安全指数法数学模型,以及运用该模型对成山头水域的船舶交通安全进行评价的具体步骤。指出“安全指数法”为成山头水域进一步加强交通管理提供了可靠了依据。