铁矿砂货差原因分析和防止对策

一、铁矿砂品种及运输要求 1.铁矿砂品种 (1)我国铁矿砂的主要品种有:赤铁矿:主要成分是三氧化二铁(Fe2O3),含铁70%左右,相对密度为4.2～5.3; 磁铁矿:主要成分是四氧化三铁(Fe3O4或FeO·Fe2O3),含铁72%左右,相对密度为4.9～5.2; 黄铁矿:主要成分是二硫化铁(FeS2),含铁达40%～50%,含硫30%左右,因它含硫较多,很少直接用来炼铁,而常用做制造硫酸的原料,在生产硫酸后剩下的灰渣中,因含氧化铁,当去硫后并加以烧结仍可用来提炼生铁,黄铁矿因含硫较多又名硫化铁,易自燃.     

变革的中国航运

中国好望角型船租船市场正在好转，但是它充满了变数。2002年许多散货船玩家没有警惕而吃了苦头。每年中国的钢厂与国内外散货船经营就有关运输铁矿砂签定一系列的大合同。许多中国运营商并不拥有船舶，而需在租船市场上寻找船源以满足需要。     

对接需求 做强散货

随着中国能源与工业原料进出口需求增加,散货运输业务进一步扩大,以能源运输为中心的散货运输市场将进一步吸引全球航运公司。依托庞大的船队和遍及全球的服务网络,为货主和客户提供安全、高效、优质的服务,商船三井正成为中国工业以及能源供应链中的重要合作伙伴。——在铁矿砂运输业务项目中,商船三井已先后与宝钢股份、马钢股份等中国国内大型钢铁企业签署了长期运输服务合同,并为此配备了专用船舶。——商船三井的特殊重大件货船将为中国铁道部门运送300辆列车。——商船三井积极参与中国水泥出口、木片进出口以及原油进口等项目的运输…     

好望角（CAPESIZE）散货船市场调查

对干散货市场现状及走势进行了分析，并针对我国铁矿砂进口需求的逐年增长趋势，对CAPESIZE型散货船的国内货运需求做了估算。     

信息与资料：国际经贸

国际能源机构预计2006年全球原油需求辐增长2．2％；我国粗钢产量首破3亿吨；巴西30％以上的铁矿砂和大豆进入中国；俄罗斯Aricom计划2007年末开始生产铁矿石；2008年我国可能成为第二大贸易国；巴西30％以上的铁矿砂和大豆进入中国[编按]     

全球散货港口拥塞新动态

<正>从2007年以来散货船运输费日益高涨,例如截至2008年5月底,从南非理查兹湾港运一船煤炭到荷兰鹿特丹港,每吨运价已经涨高到56.11美元;从澳大利亚西部港口运输一船铁矿砂到中国     

纪事·业界

中远集团与17家中国汽车厂商签订战略合作协议；中远物流成功中标印度RELIANCE石化项目；新加坡出台20％港口费优惠政策；巴西使用世界最大货轮向中国运输铁矿砂；中远集团与济钢集团签订战略合作协议；[编按]     

石油及液化气运输体系

在原油及成品油的各种运输方式中，水运成本最低，灵活性和适应性最大；因此，凡产销两地近水的应尽量利用水运，目前油轮船严重不足，发展10-15万吨级的原油轮和2万吨级的成品油轮作为主力船型是恰当的。天然气在世界能源结构中占22%，发达国家中比例更高，我国仅占2.2%。城市燃料必然向气体燃料发展，我国东南沿海不宜发展用南运的北煤制气，而当前应大力发展液化石油气船，组成液化石油气运输体系解决居民生活用气，同时还应着手开发液化天然气贮动装备，使能以东海、南海之天然气充实东南沿海地区的能源。     

采用新船型增强我国沿海煤炭运输能力

本文首先简述了我国沿海煤炭运输的现状及发展趋势，指出动力不足及接卸港效率低、能力差，是当前沿海煤炭运输中的两个主要问题，指出发挥船舶装备的能动作用，将当前常规运煤船队尽快过渡为由常规散货船和新型运煤船相结合的运煤船队，是解决我国沿海煤炭运行之有效的方法，文章较详细地介绍了近年来开发的浅汔水肥大船和自卸船的特点、技术关键以及在我国的发展和问题。     

国际运输船舶发展趋势及对我国港口规划建设的影响和建议

为适应新时期船型发展对我国港口规划建设的新要求，以油船等5大货类运输船型为核心，分析国际运输船舶的总体发展现状及近年来变化特点。考虑国际水运通道条件、中国港口航道和水域条件、各货类运输的经济性，结合中国能源、产业等的发展趋势，分析未来国际上各主要货类运输船型的发展趋势，以及对中国港口建设规划的影响。研究结果表明：各主要货类运输船型的大型化趋势、主力船型发展趋势等差异性较大，应密切跟踪调整或提前谋划相关货类的码头规划和布局工作。     

The role of dry port in hub-and-spoke network under Belt and Road Initiative

Dry port plays increasingly an important role in the integration of inland regions with seaports, and cross-border inland ports especially in the context of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) originally proposed by China. This paper studies a logistics network connecting the inland regions by dry ports based on a two-stage logistical gravity model. First, a basic logistical gravity model is developed to analyze the radiated inland regions from dry ports, where the logistical quality of dry ports is calculated by principal component analysis. Second, considering mutual impacts among dry ports, seaports and cross-border inland ports, the influence of logistical gravity on the network is examined by using a coefficient based on the Ordered Weighted Averaging Operator in multi-attribute decision theory. An improved logistical gravity model is further developed to investigate the logistical connections among various ports (e.g. dry ports, seaports and cross-border inland ports; hub and feeder ports). Then, a hub-and-spoke network can be established. Dry ports are potential to connect to the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road. So a Chinese case is used to verify the proposed method. The strategies of embedding inland regions in the BRI are discussed based on the experimental studies.     

Italian ports: towards a new governance?

The adoption in 1994 of the law n. 84 introducing the landlord port model marked the starting point of a prime period for the Italian port industry. It contributed to the national port industry renaissance: Italian ports became again the leaders in the Mediterranean basin, both as gateway ports and as transhipment ports. Looking back to its 15 years of enforcement, critical aspects and weaknesses have been observed. The incentive to reflect on the governance structure of ports and on the changes affecting the whole logistics transport chain is driven by the relative and absolute loss of position of Italian ports with respect to their competitors of the North as well as of the South European range (and the ports of Northern Africa which are expected to compete fiercely in the coming future). Considering only the container traffic, from 2003 to 2008 the market share of Italian ports decreased from 20.7% to 15.7% in favor of its main European competitors. The loss of attractiveness of Italian harbors is a clear symptom of the several difficulties national ports face in dealing with the rapid changes affecting the port industry. This paper discusses the bill presented by the Italian Government concerning the ports governance reform.     

现代港口建设与运营中的竞争

从港口所有制形式，港口竞争的层次。影响港口竞争的主要因素等方面，论述了现代港口的主要竞争手段。指出除了地理条件不可改变外，其他条件都可以通过各种竞争手段来实现。竞争与合作是现代港口竞争的新趋势。     

Dynamics of change in the port system of the western Mediterranean

The ports of Mediterranean basin have experienced significant growth in container traffic over the last decade. In the western Mediterranean two distinct types of port have emerged: the established ports of the northern part of the basin which serve a gateway function and a set of new ports in the south which act as transhipment hubs. In this paper we explore the dynamics of change and reveal how growth is driven by shifts in individual trades. While the hub ports are integrated into Asian pendulum services, the gateway ports are experiencing growth because of new direct services to Asia and North America. We suggest that the distinctions between the transhipment hubs and the gateway ports are becoming blurred, especially because the gateway ports are also assuming greater transhipment roles. We also explore whether this new dynamism in the Mediterranean ports is reversing the long-standing hinterland domination of the ports of the northern range. We demonstrate that the gateway ports of the western Mediterranean continue to serve local and regional markets, with very limited penetration north of the Alps and Pyrenees. This is due in part to difficulties with rail services but also because of the continued efficiency of the northern range ports and their hinterland connections. We suggest that in the short run, at least, little change is likely.     

Institutional structure of Canadian ports

Canada's federal government is responsible for ports. Despite this, an integrated national ports system has not been established. The Canadian system includes: the Canada Ports Corporation; Harbour Commissions; and Transport Canada's Public Harbours. These are historic divisions. Following a failed 1970s attempt to place all ports within Transport Canada, in 1983 parliament opted for a Crown corporation model in establishing the Canada Ports Corporation for Canada's major ports. This paper addresses the question of whether, in today's increasingly competitive environment, a more integrated and businesslike national system of ports is required. Alternative systems range from centralization to regionalization and enhanced 'commercialization' of local ports to privatization. A suggested alternative for Canada includes incorporating all commercial ports within the Canada Ports Corporation, using a regional system for planning, and augmenting local autonomy of financially self-sufficient ports by making them crown corporations. Eventual privatization of the expanded Canada Port Corporation is also considered.     

西方港口民营化经验对我国的启示

在世界港口业发生变革的进程中,港口民营化在港口经营管理中是至关重要的一环,对港口今后的发展有着深远的影响。分析了西方国家和中国港口民营化现状,对几种港口民营化情况做了研究和比较,最终阐述了西方港口民营化经验对我国的启示。     

The strategic role of ports in regional development: conceptualising the experience from Australia

Regional ports, as infrastructure in regions, influence transport and regional development policies and planning. The interaction and involvement of regional ports with their stakeholders in the region are pivotal. The conundrum on what constitutes a regional port and thus its region has further complicated this limited researched area. In the extant literature, port and region relationship mainly centres on major metropolitan ports, and pays little heed to regional ports. In this context, this study investigates on how the Australian regional ports can be better involved in regional development. The study adopts a qualitative methodology to explore the Australian regional port stakeholders’ perceptions on port’s role in regional development through 38 semi-structured telephone interviews. Thematic analysis of data assisted by a mixture of NVivo software and manual techniques proposes a conceptual model that may assist policy-making. The key findings suggest that symbiotic growths of ports and concerned regions accelerate regional development. To contribute to regional development, the Australian regional ports can be proactive in building collaboration with regional organisations. The findings have major implications for port managers and port policy-makers for developing a region-oriented long-term port planning and for creating environment for Australian regional ports for regional resource configuration.     

基于合作对策的江苏沿江港口合作竞争研究

江苏沿江港口群功能定位混乱、恶性竞争严重,不利于其整体竞争力的提高和"组合港"的发展,为此有必要形成良性竞争的合作模式。利用合作对策理论,建立了沿江港口在航线开辟上的合作模型。研究发现,沿江港口间的合作是有实质意义的,但各个港口在联盟中的地位是不同的,必须建立一定的利益分配原则来维持联盟的稳定性。研究结果表明:基于合作对策的沿江港口合作竞争模型有效地揭示各港的动态竞争行为,为研究港口合作竞争提供了一条新的途径。     

日本东京湾港口群的主要港口职能分工及启示

由于日本东京湾内港口群职能分工合理,使得狭小的港湾内云集了6个世界级的大型港口,而港口间不但没有形成恶性竞争,反而取得了良好的增长业绩。通过对其职能分工经验进行分析,结合我国环渤海各主要港口的基础与优势,从而提出环渤海各主要港口的职能分工的构想。     

国内外生态港口建设现状分析及启示

文章分析了美国、日本、澳大利亚、英国等国家的先进港口建设现状,讨论了国外生态港口建设实践对我国生态港口建设的借鉴作用。结合当前我国港口环境保护的要求,分析了上海港、天津港、大连港、深圳港等在建设生态港口方面的工作进展,讨论了当前我国在生态港口建设方面存在的主要挑战。围绕资源节约型、环境友好型社会的建设,提出了我国建设生态港口的主要对策。