油船意外泄油性能的分析

意外泄油性能的引入,实现了油船纵向分舱的灵活性。介绍了意外泄油性能的计算方法,重点分析了概率密度函数对平均泄油量参数的影响。增加货舱数量、抬高双层底、增大边舱宽度、调整分舱,均可以提高概率密度函数值,从而减小舷侧或者船底的破损概率,减少泄油量。应用NAPA MANAGER工具编写了快速计算程序,并利用该程序对实船进行优化,以验证不同方案对意外泄油性能的影响。     

超大型油船破损剩余强度可靠性分析

根据MARPOL公约,对CSR-H规定的破口范围进行概率分析。以一艘超大型油船为例,分别统计了单舱破损后各个肋位的静水弯矩概率特征和基于全球海况谱的一周波浪弯矩预报值;基于Smith法的船体梁极限弯矩计算软件,分别统计了各舱破损后极限弯矩的概率特征;采用改进一次二阶矩法,计算了各舱破损后的剩余强度可靠度。研究结果表明：机舱和首尾货舱发生破损后整船失效概率较低,中部货舱区域发生破损后整船失效概率较大,尤其在静水中垂破损工况下最危险,失效概率在10^-2量级。     

横风横浪中破损船舶瘫船稳性倾覆概率研究

为了评估船首破损以后的倾覆概率,基于完整船舶瘫船稳性研究,尝试将破损船舶时域进水过程和倾覆概率计算结合。用Monte Carlo方法数值模拟某船破损以后的倾覆概率,采用四阶Runge-kutta方法求解横摇运动方程,研究不同载况下的倾覆概率和稳性高度变化。计算结果表明:相比完整船舶,破损船舶的短期和长期倾覆概率都增大;而在进水过程中,破损船舶的倾覆概率先减小后增大,到进水终了时刻达到最大。研究成果可望为破损船舶瘫船状态下的倾覆机理和波浪中破舱稳性衡准的制定提供技术支持。     

基于概率破舱的载荷计算方法及弯曲剩余强度分析研究

基于NAPA软件对某甲板货船进行建模分舱,计算了船舶概率破舱后三个初始工况下所有破损组合的弯矩值,并采用VB编程语言产生最大弯矩包络曲线;对破损后船舶的弯曲剩余强度进行了确定性分析研究,分析并得出了满足许用应力时舷顶和舭部所允许的最大破损范围。概率破舱载荷计算结果较为安全可信,且弯曲剩余强度分析方法对船舶破损时强度的判断有一定的参考作用。     

自卸式砂船概率破舱稳性分析

以一艘87 m自卸砂船为研究对象,介绍破损载况组合、渗透率、风雨密点与无保护开口、破舱稳性计算衡准。根据《船舶与海上设施法定检验规则-国内航行海船法定检验技术规则》2011,采用CCS船级社软件COMPASS对自卸砂船的概率破舱稳性进行建模,计算表明,该船的概率破舱稳性满足法规要求。     

破损船操纵运动水动力及舱室流场的数值研究

目前,对破损船操纵水动力研究很少。为计算破损船操纵水动力及其破舱室粘性流场特征,本文基于RANS方程,选取SST k-ω湍流模式,对某新型油船破舱进水后的斜航操纵运动进行数值模拟。计算出破损船在不同斜航角时的总阻力、横向压力、转首力矩的系数,探究其操纵水动力变化情况。模拟破舱室内的流场情况,分析破舱室水的运动特点。最后将破损船数值结果与试验结果进行比较,研究表明计算模型可行,能较好地计算破损船操纵水动力及其流场情况。该研究成果可为今后破舱操纵性规范的制定和船舶优化设计提供理论参考。     

海洋运输船舶破舱稳性计算系统

破舱稳性计算系统是我院为了满足国际海事组织ＩＭＯ对海洋运输船舶（包括货船，滚装船和客船等）的破舱稳性采用概率论的计算方法进行衡准而开发的计算机辅助设计计算系统。本文叙述了系统的组成，船舶破损进水后的平衡位置和剩余稳性的计算，货船和客船破舱稳性概率衡准计算以及液货船的确定性破舱稳性计算。基于多艘实船的计算分析，作者得出了若干结论。     

多体船型破舱稳性比较分析

多体船的设计概念是通过采用大长宽比的主船体来有效减小兴波阻力,而由此带来的稳性损失由侧体来弥补.文章以一多体船方案为例进行破舱稳性计算,分析了多体船侧体参数对多体船破舱稳性的影响,并比较分析了在相同破损状况下三体船与五体船的破舱稳性.分析显示,侧体中心与主船体中心的横距越大,侧体中心离主船体中心的纵距越小,其破舱稳性就越好.     

12500载重吨重吊多用途船破损稳性研究

在保证大开口货舱功能需求的前提下,研究12 500载重吨重吊多用途船的破损稳性,使其满足分舱指数要求。对货舱数量、边舱数量、边舱宽度、水密二甲板分隔高度、双层底高度、压载水舱型式等各因素进行定性分析,获得各因素对该船破损稳性的影响趋势,指导该船的破损稳性设计。同时也评估了机舱区域船底破损,使其满足公约的要求。最终得出同时兼顾船舶功能和破损安全的设计,对类似的万吨级重吊多用途船的开发具有借鉴意义。     

驳船的影响概率破舱稳性单因素研究

概率破舱稳性是干货船破舱稳性计算与校核的一项强制性要求,它不同于传统的破舱稳性计算,计算中涉及到大量的破损舱室的组合,目前仍然是在分舱之后才能进行分析计算,若不满足则需要返回重新分舱。在初步设计阶段,如何有效分舱以使船舶分舱设计能满足概率破舱稳性,以减少分舱的盲目性与重复性,从而找到基于概率破舱稳性的分舱指导原则,这将具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。以某实际工程驳船为研究对象,设计了大量的分舱方案,并分别对其进行概率破舱稳性计算。根据计算结果对影响分舱指数A的因素进行了定性分析,提出了改进分舱指数A的设计准则。     

阿芙拉型双壳油轮意外泄油性能研究

摘要：以110000t阿芙拉型双壳油轮为实例对货油舱进行意外泄油性能进行了分析,指出了影响平均泄油量参数oM的若干重要因素,即：载重量dwt,货舱总舱容C,惰性气体系统正常超压P,货油舱的双壳宽度和双层底高度。采用列表计算的方式简化了平均泄油量参数OM的计算过程,阐述了各因素在计算过程中对平均泄油量参数OM的影响。     

Bottom damage scenarios for the hull girder structural assessment

This article covers the reliability assessment of the hull girder of a crude oil tanker, referring to a scenario in which the ship is exposed to sea loads after a damage to the bottom of the hull has occurred. A number of possible flooding configurations are examined, each one caused by a group of damage cases, characterized by different location and extent. Static loads, wave loads and residual structural resistance are determined for each damage case, with the objective of obtaining a prediction for the probability of the hull girder's failure. The various damage cases are compared to each other and unconditioned to derive the probability of failure extended to the ship's life due to a generic bottom damage.A probabilistic Bayesian Network model has been created to deal with these variables and with the dependency relationships existing between them. The results provided by the model are analyzed with the aim of identifying the parameters most influencing the problem. The work is intended to contribute to the development of a more rational treatment of accidental conditions in design structural requirements for ships.     

波激振动和砰击颤振对大型油船疲劳强度影响研究

文章给出线性波激振动和砰击颤振引起的大型油船结构疲劳贡献度的计算方法。基于三维线性水弹性理论可计算得到包括刚体和2节点的振动模态下的垂向弯矩的传递函数,采用谱分析法对某30万吨油船进行结构疲劳强度计算,分析波激振动对船体结构疲劳损伤影响;基于二维非线性波浪载荷程序（含砰击颤振的波浪载荷）,采用时域方法对该油船进行船体梁弯矩计算,分析砰击颤振对船体梁弯矩及疲劳载荷的影响;结果表明对于该类大型油船波激振动和砰击颤振对船体的结构疲劳损伤的影响不可忽略。     

逐步破坏法破损油船剩余强度研究

基于IACS共同规范研制了逐步破坏法计算完整油船极限强度和破损剩余强度的程序.考虑了船体发生搁浅碰撞后,其剩余有效剖面是非对称的,船体还可能发生不同程度倾斜的实际情况,计算了双壳油船在不同破损情况下破损船体的剩余强度,并给出了实例及结果分析.     

Dynamic response of the non-contact underwater explosions on naval equipment

Shock resistance capacity of the shipboard equipment especially for large ones, has been a strong concern of navies all over the world for a long time. The shipboard equipment have previously generally been studied separate from hull structure before. In this paper the coupling elastic effect between equipment and hull structure is taken into account. With the ABAQUS software, the integrated model of the equipment coupled with the hull structure is established to study the dynamic response of the shipboard equipment to the shock wave load as well as the bubble pulsation load. In order to verify the numerical method, the simulated results are compared to the experimental data, which are from a specific underwater explosion on an actual ship. On this basis, by changing the charge location, attack angle, equipment installation location and other parameters, the characteristics of dynamic response under different conditions can be obtained. In addition, the results of the integrated calculation and the non-integrated one are compared and the characteristic parameters which affect the equipment shock response are analyzed. Some curves and conclusions are obtained for engineering applications, which provides some insights into the shock resistance of shipboard equipment.     

溢油对海洋生态系统的损害研究进展

海上溢油污染规模不断扩大,造成了严重的生态破坏和巨大的经济损失,研究者在溢油事故发生后利用实验研究溢油对各种海洋生物的影响,主要集中于对海洋生物种群的致死和致突变机理的研究。文章在对这些研究进行综述的基础上,对溢油海洋生物损害研究的实用性进行阐述,并提出了溢油实验室研究的发展方向和建立毒性数据库的必要性。     

Fatigue damage calculation for oil tanker and container ship structures

The fatigue behaviour of longitudinal stiffeners of oil tankers and container ships, subjected to dynamic loads, is analysed. The following dynamic load components are considered: hull girder vertical wave bending moment, alone and combined with the horizontal wave bending moment, hydrodynamic pressure and inertial forces caused by cargo acceleration.

The spectral method was selected to calculate the fatigue damage, based on S—N curves and Miner's rule. Following this approach, the fatigue damage may be calculated as a function of a stress parameter Ω_p, which represents the cumulative effect of wave induced loads in the unit of time and incorporates the combined effects of stress level and its occurring frequency.

Simple formulas for Ω_p of oil tankers and container ships are given, obtained from the results of hydrodynamic analyses performed on several ships, in different wave environments.

Several examples show the applicability of the methods to real ship structures. The method, however, still needs to be calibrated because of the simplifying hypotheses introduced in the loading conditions.     

典型补给油船抗冲击性能研究

基于通用仿真软件,对某油船进行了远场水下爆炸的动响应分析。研究了药包沿船长方向分布、沿水深分布和不同攻角对船体结构的影响。可以看出,中远场水下爆炸对油船的冲击响应,主要表现为总体响应,局部效应并不明显;爆距对冲击响应有很大的影响,而在远场爆炸时攻角对其影响不明显,随着爆距的增加,船体结构响应逐渐减小;武器的毁伤效应对船体外板影响最为显著,随着能量在船体内的传播,到主甲板时迅速衰减。通过进行计算分析得出了一些结论,为油船的设计及建造提供参考。     

舰船舷侧防护结构水下接触爆炸动响应分析研究

舰船舷侧防护结构在接触爆炸载荷作用下的动响应问题是舰船抗爆抗冲击设计的重要组成部分。根据国外水面舰船防护结构形式,在某单层舷侧舰船模型基础上增设舷侧防护隔壁结构,并应用国际上通用的动力有限元程序ABAQUS对其进行水下接触爆炸系列数值仿真实验,考核舷侧防护结构对舰船抗爆抗冲击性能的影响。通过结果的对比分析发现,增设舷侧防护结构后较明显改善了船体外板的损伤情况,且防护隔壁仅发生了少量的塑性变形没有产生破口,从而达到了保护内部机舱等重要舱室的目的,并以防护结构双层隔舱内填充液体抗冲击性能最佳。     

Onboard monitoring of fatigue damage rates in the hull girder

Most new advanced ships have extensive data collection systems to be used for continuous monitoring of engine and hull performance, for voyage performance evaluation etc. Such systems could be expanded to include also procedures for stress monitoring and for decision support, where the most critical wave-induced ship extreme responses and fatigue damage accumulation can be estimated for hypothetical changes in ship course and speed in the automatically estimated wave environment.The aim of this paper is to outline a calculation procedure for fatigue damage rate prediction in hull girders taking into account whipping stresses. It is conceptually shown how such a method, which integrates onboard estimation of sea states, can be used to deduce decision support with respect to the accumulated fatigue damage in the hull girder.The paper firstly presents a set of measured full-scale wave-induced stress ranges in a container ship, where the associated fatigue damage rates calculated from a combination of the rain-flow counting method and the Palmgren-Miner damage rule are compared with damage predictions obtained from a computationally much faster frequency fatigue analysis using a spectral method. This analysis verifies the applied multi-modal spectral analysis procedure for fatigue estimation for cases where hull girder flexibility plays a role.To obtain an automated prediction method for the fatigue damage rates it is in the second part of the paper shown how a combination of the full-scale onboard acceleration and stress measurements can be used to calculate sea state parameters. These calculated environmental data are verified by a comparison to hindcast data.In the third part of the paper the full-scale fatigue stress ranges are compared to results from an analytical design oriented calculation procedure for flexible ship hulls in short-term estimated sea states.Altogether, it is conceptually shown that by a combination of the onboard estimated sea state parameters with the described analytical fatigue damage prediction procedure a method can be established for real-time onboard decision support which includes estimates of fatigue damage rates.