大功率海上风电机组传动链的固有频率计算

以某大功率海上风力发电机组的传动链为研究对象,考虑斜齿轮螺旋角、压力角、行星轮相位角、齿轮啮合刚度和轴承支撑刚度等因素,采用集中参数法建立传动链的多体动力学模型,通过对模型进行模态分析,获得传动链固有频率,并对计算结果进行对比验证,结果表明采用集中参数法建立传动链模型可以计算出系统的固有频率。与SIMPACK多体动力学软件仿真模型计算结果进行对比,发现两者的计算结果具有很大一致性,这表明所建立的集中参数模型可以用来计算传动链固有频率。     

考虑可变刚度的CST齿轮传动刚柔耦合动力学研究

可控软启动齿轮传动系统的稳定运行能够有效保障船用电机启动的安全运行.为提高可变刚度对可控软启动齿轮传动性能的效果,以齿轮传动系统作为研究对象,应用ADAMS仿真软件建立刚柔耦合模型,并进行动力学特性分析.获得各级传动角速度曲线,将刚性体与柔性体角速度曲线进行对比,可以看出柔性化后曲线产生明显波动,刚柔耦合仿真结果与理论计算误差范围在5%以内,验证了模型的正确性.齿轮时变啮合刚度对传动系统的影响较大,通过改变不同的啮合刚度,齿轮啮合力波动明显,局部陡峭曲线的出现频率增加.     

考虑可变刚度的CST齿轮传动刚柔耦合动力学研究

可控软启动齿轮传动系统的稳定运行能够有效保障船用电机启动的安全运行。为提高可变刚度对可控软启动齿轮传动性能的效果,以齿轮传动系统作为研究对象,应用ADAMS仿真软件建立刚柔耦合模型,并进行动力学特性分析。获得各级传动角速度曲线,将刚性体与柔性体角速度曲线进行对比,可以看出柔性化后曲线产生明显波动,刚柔耦合仿真结果与理论计算误差范围在5%以内,验证了模型的正确性。齿轮时变啮合刚度对传动系统的影响较大,通过改变不同的啮合刚度,齿轮啮合力波动明显,局部陡峭曲线的出现频率增加。     

船舶传动装置多体动力学和有限元仿真技术

目前,传动装置振动计算多采用集中参数法,未将轴系振动(扭转振动、横向振动与纵向振动)以及结构振动进行综合分析,与实际情况有一定的差别。本文以典型双机并车装置传动(包括柴油机、高弹性联轴器、万向轴、传动齿轮、主轴与输出负载)为研究对象,应用多体系统动力学理论对其激励特性进行研究,为传动装置有限元动力学响应分析提供输入条件。在完成传动装置多体动力学仿真分析的基础上建立传动装置有限元分析模型,然后对传动装置进行轴系振动和结构振动有限元动力学响应分析,并进行试验验证。同时,讨论转速和隔振刚度对传动装置结构振动的影响规律。最后,通过总结,初步形成船舶传动装置基于多体动力学和有限元仿真的振动特性预估方法,以完善和充实传动装置的研究方法和理论。     

三维复杂弹性耦合冲击隔离系统建模研究

针对带弹性筏体和弹性基础的三维复杂弹性耦合冲击隔离系统，综合运用多体动力学理论、结构动力学理论、子结构方法、有限元方法，考虑系统刚体运动与弹性振动的耦合，建立了三维复杂弹性耦合冲击隔离系统的动力学模型；编写计算程序计算系统的固有频率，并与用ANSYS软件建模计算的固有频率和实验值进行比较，结果吻合得较好，通过试验工况下计算的机组加速度响应与实测结果的比较，验证了模型的正确性；最后计算分析系统在三向冲击激励下的动力学响应，为分析浮筏系统的冲击响应控制和参数优化奠定理论基础。     

船用齿轮传动装置声振特性分析

为研究船舶齿轮啮合声振特性,本文以某船用齿轮为研究对象,建立齿轮啮合噪声模型,同时考虑齿轮啮合刚度、啮合间隙、轴承支座弹性刚度等因素,建立齿轮啮合动力学模型。在计算过程中,采用刚柔耦合动力学计算方法对齿轮啮合动力学响应进行计算。将齿轮啮合动力学响应与噪声分析模型相结合,可有效得出齿轮啮合过程中的声振特性,为船舶结构设计提供参考。     

三维复杂弹性耦合冲击隔离系统建模研究

针对带弹性筏体和弹性基础的三维复杂弹性耦合冲击隔离系统,综合运用多体动力学理论、结构动力学理论、子结构方法、有限元方法,考虑系统刚体运动与弹性振动的耦合,建立了三维复杂弹性耦合冲击隔离系统的动力学模型;编写计算程序计算系统的固有频率,并与用ANSYS软件建模计算的固有频率和实验值进行比较,结果吻合得较好,通过试验工况下计算的机组加速度响应与实测结果的比较,验证了模型的正确性;最后计算分析系统在三向冲击激励下的动力学响应,为分析浮筏系统的冲击响应控制和参数优化奠定理论基础。     

舰用大功率二级斜齿轮传动的振动分析

采用计算机模拟方法对舰用大功率二级斜齿轮传动的振动进行分析研究.在研究单级斜齿轮传动振动中,建立了齿面坐标系,引入了局部啮合刚度的概念,给出了在齿轮啮合过程中单齿啮合刚度和总啮合刚度的一般计算公式.对加工、安装误差引起的激振力,则采用刚度加权法进行处理.在单级斜齿轮传动振动模型的基础上,建立了两级十二自由度的斜齿轮传动振动模型.在模型中进行了线性化处理,用RungeKutta法进行方程的求解,并比较了计算结果与实验结果.     

传动齿轮箱体的振动模态分析

齿轮传动装置是舰船的主要振动和噪声源之一,本文在建立传动齿轮箱体模态试验的理论模型和试验模型后,采用移动锤击法采集各点的冲击数据和响应数据.用最小二乘复指数法识别出箱体的模态参数,并与有限元计算结果进行了对比分析,证明本文所采用的研究齿轮传动箱振动模态的方法是行之有效的.     

功率双分支齿轮系统动力学特性研究

文章介绍了功率双分支二级齿轮系统弯扭耦合动力学模型的建立过程,模型考虑了时变啮合刚度、滑动轴承油膜刚度、阻尼、随机轮齿误差和安装偏心误差等因素。通过研究系统固有频率和振型特点,发现系统的振动模式可分为扭转振动模式和横向振动模式两种形式。用傅里叶级数法对系统动力学方程进行了求解,得到了两级齿轮副的动态啮合力历程。考虑随机轮齿误差后,齿轮副在各啮合周期的动载荷会有所差异,更符合齿轮的实际制造情况。齿轮轴的安装偏心误差和两级间连接轴的刚度对系统的振动和均载性能都有较大影响。     

采用非概率方法对不同环境条件下的漂浮式风力机进行系泊损伤识别（英文）

This paper discusses the damage identification in the mooring line system of a floating wind turbine(FWT) exposed to various environmental loads. The proposed method incorporates a non-probabilistic method into artificial neural networks(ANNs). The non-probabilistic method is used to overcome the problem of uncertainties. For this purpose, the interval analysis method is used to calculate the lower and upper bounds of ANNs input data. This data contains some of the natural frequencies utilized to train two different ANNs and predict the output data which is the interval bounds of mooring line stiffness. Additionally, in order to reduce computational time and more importantly, identify damage in various conditions, the proposed method is trained using constant loads(CL) case(deterministic loads, including constant wind speed and airy wave model) and is tested using random loads(RL) case(including Kaimal wind model and JONSWAP wave theory). The superiority of this method is assessed by applying the deterministic method for damage identification. The results demonstrate that the proposed non-probabilistic method identifies the location and severity of damage more accurately compared to a deterministic one. This superiority is getting more remarkable as the difference in uncertainty levels between training and testing data is increasing.     

半潜型浮式风机运动特征及系泊系统的研究

近年来海上浮式风机的研究备受关注,安全可靠的系泊系统将保证风机在风、浪、流等复杂环境荷载作用下稳定运行,准确合理地描述风机运动将为评估风机发电效率提供支持。以半潜型浮式风机的系泊系统为研究对象,基于经典悬链线理论,采用准静态分析法提出一套系泊系统的设计方法。通过坐标变换,得到风轮真实的俯仰运动用于计算风机的动力效应及评定其发电效率。采用动力法分析了系泊系统锚链的导缆孔位置、预张力大小、锚链间夹角等参数对风机系统发电效率、浮式平台运动性能和系泊锚链张力的影响,得到了浮式平台迎风面俯仰倾角、水平偏移及锚链张力随参数的变化规律,为半潜型浮式风机系泊系统的设计提供了参考。     

Analytical and experimental study of free vibration of beams carrying multiple masses and springs

The structures in engineering can be simplified intoelastic beams with concentrated masses and elastic spring supports.Studying the law of vibration of the beams can be a help in guidingits design and avoiding resonance. Based on the Laplace transformmethod, the mode shape functions and the frequency equations ofthe beams in the typical boundary conditions are derived. Acantilever beam with a lumped mass and a spring is selected toobtain its natural frequencies and mode shape functions. Anexperiment was conducted in order to get the modal parameters ofthe beam based on the NExT-ERA method. By comparing theanalytical and experimental results, the effects of the locations ofthe mass and spring on the modal parameter are discussed. Thevariation of the natural frequencies was obtained with the changingstiffness coefficient and mass coefficient, respectively. The findingsprovide a reference for the vibration analysis methods and thelumped parameters layout design of elastic beams used inengineering.     

Experimental study of the state-of-the-art offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage

An innovative offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage (FOWT-SFFC) has recently been developed by the two leading authors for offshore wind and aquaculture industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic responses of FOWT-SFFC subjected to simultaneous wind and wave actions in the harsh South China Sea environment by a series of model tests. The tests are conducted at the Tsinghua Ocean Engineering Basin with Froude scale of 1:30. In this paper, the similarity law and setup of model tests are given first. Then a series of calibration tests and identification tests are carried out to validate the capacity of wind generator and wave maker, and to identify the vibration frequencies of tower, the stiffness of mooring system, natural periods and system damping, motion response amplitude operators (RAOs) of FOWT-SFFC, and thrust-speed performance of the turbine in wave basin. After that, seakeeping tests are implemented for random waves, followed by a sequence of load cases including normal operating and extreme conditions. Constant wind speeds and random wind speeds are respectively considered in load combinations. The experimental results affirm the excellent seakeeping and dynamic performance of FOWT-SFFC. Existence of metal fish nets increases the damping of foundation's 6 degree-of-freedoms motions. Generally, the influence of nets on the dynamic responses is insignificant in wind sea states.     

张力腿式浮式风机平台的水动力和空气动力耦合响应分析

文章采用了空气动力、水动力、控制与弹性完全耦合的时域模拟方法研究了张力腿式浮式风机平台的动力响应.水动力载荷的计算采用了三维势流理论与Morison公式.空气动力载荷的计算采用了叶素动量理论和广义动态尾流理论.利用FAST软件得到了张力腿式浮式风机平台响应的时域结果,并分析了其动力响应特性.建立了描述平台纵荡运动的非线性微分方程,并采用了摄动方法求得其近似解,解释了纵荡运动中由非线性粘性效应引起的高频响应.对数值模拟结果的分析表明高频的响应分量对平台的动力性能有显著的影响.     

燃气轮机转子支承刚度计算研究

综合归纳燃气轮机转子的各种支承结构形式、特点,剖析结构参数对支承刚度的影响。针对燃气轮机转子在高转速下支承刚度获取难的问题,运用理论分析和经验公式相结合的方法,对某型燃气轮机转子支承进行刚度计算与误差分析。结果表明,对于弹性阻尼支承系统,刚度值在一定精度范围内的初步计算可不考虑油膜刚度的影响。     

Model test investigation of a spar floating wind turbine

Several floating wind turbine designs whose hull designs reflect those used in offshore petroleum industry have emerged as leading candidates for the future development of offshore wind farms. This article presents the research findings from a model basin test program that investigated the dynamic response of a 1:50 scale model OC3 spar floating wind turbine concept designed for a water depth of 200 m. In this study the rotor was allowed to rotate freely with the wind speed and this approach eliminated some of the undesirable effects of controlling wind turbine rotational speed that were observed in earlier studies. The quality of the wind field developed by an array of fans was investigated as to its uniformity and turbulence intensity. Additional calibration tests were performed to characterize various components that included establishing the baseline wind turbine tower frequencies, stiffness of the delta type mooring system and free decay response behaviour. The assembled system was then studied under a sequence of wind and irregular wave scenarios to reveal the nature of the coupled response behaviour. The wind loads were found to have an obvious influence on the surge, heave and pitch behaviour of the spar wind turbine system. It was observed from the experimental measurements that bending moment at the top of the support tower is dominated by the 1P oscillation component and somewhat influenced by the incoming wave. Further it was determined that the axial rotor thrust and tower-top shear force have similar dynamic characteristics both dominated by tower’s first mode of vibration under wind-only condition while dominated by the incident wave field when experiencing wind-wave loading. The tensions measured in the mooring lines resulting from either wave or wind-wave excitations were influenced by the surge/pitch and heave couplings and the wind loads were found to have a clear influence on the dynamic responses of the mooring system.     

立式自然循环蒸汽发生器机理建模与仿真研究

针对立式自然循环蒸汽发生器,采用模块化机理建模的方法建立了蒸汽发生器非线性数学模型.该模型包括16个控制体,对每个控制体采用集总参数法建立数学模型并进行推导,得到了拥有12个状态变量的数学模型.采用龙格库塔法对模型进行解算.对该模型进行仿真试验,验证了该模型的动态特性.利用该模型可以分析蒸汽发生器的动态特性,设计蒸汽发生器控制器,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

FPSO外输系统动力响应及风险分析

采用水动力分析软件AQWA对由软钢臂式单点系泊FPSO和油轮组成的串靠外输系统的动力响应和安全性进行研究。基于多体方法,建立串靠外输系统的有限元模型,计算4种拖轮拉力和24种作业海况下外输系统的连接大缆张力、两浮体相对艏向角及间距的时间历程,并分析波高、流速、风速、风浪流夹角、连接大缆长度等因素对系统动力响应的影响及动力响应特性。此外,还开展了串靠外输系统的风险分析,计算不同海况下连接大缆失效、船体碰撞和过分相对艏向运动的发生概率。研究结果对串靠外输系统的设计和外输作业具有一定的指导意义。