海上半潜式浮式风机平台系泊系统对比研究

选取5MW-OC4深水半潜式浮式风机平台为参考模型,利用AQWA软件建立半潜式浮式风机平台模型,在频域范围内计算浮式风机平台运动响应,得到平台幅频响应曲线,以验证数值分析的可靠性。选取3种浮式风机平台系泊系统,对比研究系泊系统改变对浮式风机平台运动响应的影响规律,同时分析极端环境条件下单缆失效对浮式平台运动响应及系泊缆张力的影响。计算结果对浮式风机平台系泊系统的优化设计有一定的参考意义。     

新型半潜式浮式风机在不同流速下的动力响应特性研究

本文提出一种适用于50～120 m水深的新型半潜式浮式风机，用频域法研究浮式平台的水动力特性，通过建立风机-塔筒-浮式平台-系泊系统全耦合分析模型，考虑二阶差频波浪力作用，对其开展风、浪、流联合作用下的时域分析，重点分析不同流速条件下新型半潜式浮式风机耦合动力响应特性。分析结果表明：新型半潜式浮式风机结构设计合理，其固有周期能较好地避开波浪能量密集的周期范围，有效避免了共振发生；风浪条件一定的情况下，流速增大将使新型半潜式浮式风机的最大纵荡响应和锚链拉力显著增大，但对纵摇和艏摇响应有一定程度的抑制作用。流速变化对基础垂荡运动和发电功率影响较小。     

深水半潜式平台系泊系统设计研究

随着海洋平台逐步向更深水域的发展,系泊系统设计成了深海平台开发的关键问题之一.该文主要采用时域计算方法对系泊系统进行动力响应分析,给出了深水半潜式平台系泊系统的基本设计方法,并对2 000m水深的半潜式平台系泊缆索进行了8根与12根锚链线的系泊方案的对比分析,结果表明系泊方式不同,锚泊线的张力,系统的运动响应都受到了一定程度的影响.     

10 MW级半潜漂浮式风机的动力响应

选取新型钢筋混凝土结构OO-Star半潜浮式风机平台展开研究,采用ANSYS/AQWA建立半潜浮式基础的水动力数值模型,研究该平台的水动力性能.同时建立水动力-锚泊系统耦合数值模型,开展10MW级大型海上漂浮式风机在风浪作用下的动力响应研究.结果 表明,OO-Star半潜浮式风机平台水动力性能优异,且在不同风浪荷载环境作用下,运动响应以及锚泊系统的张力响应较为合理,未来必将在大型海上漂浮式风机的开发领域占有一席之地.     

Spar型海上浮式风机系泊系统的动力学分析

以美国某可再生能源所的海上5MW风机为模型,综合风机塔柱的特点,利用Orca Flex建立了一种Spar型海上风机简化模型。通过对风机平台的不同风速工况环境载荷的计算,实现了对该风机系泊系统的水动力学分析,对比并分析了不同工况下风机锚泊系统系泊张力的变化。结合改变锚链上不同导缆孔的位置和布置形式,为海上风机浮式基础系泊系统的设计及优化提供依据。     

新型干树半潜平台系泊系统的时域耦合分析

我国海洋油气开发正逐步从近海浅水区域不断往远海深水区域发展。随着水深的增加,传统的以锚链为材料,以自重为回复力的悬链线式系泊系统已经不再适用。世界上超深水浮式生产平台基本上都采用张紧式系泊系统,并且中间段采用超轻的聚酯缆材料以降低其施加在平台上的荷载。基于1500米超深水的中国南海环境,开发了一种运动性能良好的新型干树半潜平台。新型平台的系泊系统采用张紧式锚链-聚酯缆-锚链形式。根据平台尺度和环境条件,对系泊系统进行了布置和设计。通过时域耦合方法对系泊系统进行了数值分析,分析结果表明系泊系统强度满足规范和设计要求。     

Spar基础浮式风机系泊系统全耦合分析

本文以OC3 Hywind Spar基础浮式风机为研究对象,采用先进的空气动力-水动力耦合时域分析方法,针对其在中国南海某海域风浪流共同作用下,系泊系统、浮式基础运动以及风机与塔桶载荷响应进行分析。对比了定常风与湍流风模型对浮式风机系泊系统、整体运动响应以及风机载荷的影响。计算结果表明：相比于湍流风,采用定常风进行浮式风机系泊系统分析将得到偏于危险的结果,同时浮式风机运动响应与风机载荷结果偏小。本文建议在系泊系统初始设计阶段采用定常风方法进行设计,在系泊分析阶段采用湍流风进行分析,以保证浮式风机长期服役安全。     

Spar基础浮式风机系泊系统全耦合分析

以OC3 Hywind Spar基础浮式风机为研究对象,采用先进的空气动力-水动力耦合时域分析方法,对其在中国南海某海域风浪流共同作用下的系泊系统、浮式基础运动以及风机和塔架载荷响应进行分析,对比定常风与湍流风模型对浮式风机系泊系统、整体运动响应以及风机载荷的影响。计算结果表明:相比于湍流风,采用定常风进行浮式风机系泊系统分析将得到偏于危险的结果,并且,浮式风机运动响应与风机载荷结果偏小。因此,建议在系泊系统初始设计阶段采用定常风方法进行设计,在系泊分析阶段采用湍流风进行分析,以保证浮式风机的长期服役安全。     

Spar风机非稳态动力响应分析

文章采用多体动力学仿真器FAST,研究5MW OC3 Hywind Spar浮式风机平台非稳态动力响应,计算工况为JONSWAP海浪谱,有义波高6.8 m,谱峰周期10.2 s,流速0.642 m/s,波浪、流和风方向均为0°。研究结果表明在气动载荷影响下,风机运行相比于风机停机时,浮式平台垂荡运动幅值减小,而平台纵荡和纵摇的运动幅度增加到2.1和1.5倍,其他自由度的运动幅度增加到1.2～1.8倍,平台系泊张力响应幅度最大增加到4倍。此外发现相对于风机正常运行情况,风机启动过程中平台的纵荡运动幅值增加19.3%,引起平台大幅度漂移运动,导缆孔张力增加10%。气动载荷主要影响平台6个自由度运动的最值和均值,而对平台系泊张力主要影响其标准差,建议研究浮式风机基础的运动响应及系泊张力应考虑风机运行的气动载荷。     

浅水浮式平台多点系泊系统适用性研究

为研究浅水海域船型浮式平台多点系泊系统的适用性,以某船型浮式平台为例,设计了2套多点系泊系统。利用AQWA水动力软件,基于三维势流理论,计入风、浪、流的联合作用,分别对悬链式和张紧式多点系泊系统进行时域耦合分析,得到了浮体的六自由度运动和各系泊缆的张力。计算结果表明,张紧式系泊系统浮体平动位移小,横摇幅值较大,各系泊缆张力较大,系泊缆张力不满足规范要求;悬链式多点系泊系统浮体平动位移相对较大,各系泊缆张力较小,浮体的水平偏移和系泊缆张力都满足规范要求。悬链式系泊系统性能较优,不过水平位移仍然需要重点关注。本文研究成果对浅水船型浮式平台多点系泊系统的设计有一定的参考价值。     

浮式海上风力机运动性能和锚泊系统(英文)

The development of offshore wind farms was originally carried out in shallow water areas with fixed(seabed mounted) structures.However,countries with limited shallow water areas require innovative floating platforms to deploy wind turbines offshore in order to harness wind energy to generate electricity in deep seas.The performances of motion and mooring system dynamics are vital to designing a cost effective and durable floating platform.This paper describes a numerical model to simulate dynamic behavior of a new semi-submersible type floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT) system.The wind turbine was modeled as a wind block with a certain thrust coefficient,and the hydrodynamics and mooring system dynamics of the platform were calculated by SESAM software.The effect of change in environmental conditions on the dynamic response of the system under wave and wind loading was examined.The results indicate that the semi-submersible concept has excellent performance and SESAM could be an effective tool for floating wind turbine design and analysis.     

Non-linear dynamic analysis of the response of moored floating structures

The complexity of the dynamic response of offshore marine structures requires advanced simulations tools for the accurate assessment of the seakeeping behaviour of these devices. The aim of this work is to present a new time-domain model for solving the dynamics of moored floating marine devices, specifically offshore wind turbines, subjected to non-linear environmental loads. The paper first introduces the formulation of the second-order wave radiation-diffraction solver, designed for calculating the wave-floater interaction. Then, the solver of the mooring dynamics, based on a non-linear Finite Element Method (FEM) approach, is presented. Next, the procedure developed for coupling the floater dynamics model with the mooring model is described. Some validation examples of the developed models, and comparisons among different mooring approaches, are presented. Finally, a study of the OC3 floating wind turbine concept is performed to analyze the influence of the mooring model in the dynamics of the platform and the tension in the mooring lines. The work comes to the conclusion that the coupling of a dynamic mooring model along with a second-order wave radiation-diffraction solver can offer realistic predictions of the floating wind turbine performance.     

Dynamic analysis of a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with shared moorings in extreme environmental conditions

The concept of a shared mooring system was proposed to reduce mooring and anchoring costs. Shared moorings also add complexity to the floating offshore wind farm system and pose design challenges. To understand the system dynamics, this paper presents a dynamic analysis for a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with a shared mooring system in extreme environmental conditions. First, a numerical model of the floating offshore wind farm was established in a commercial simulation tool. Then, time-domain simulations were performed for the parked wind farm under extreme wind and wave conditions. A sensitivity study was carried out to investigate the influence of loading directions and shared line mooring properties. To highlight the influence of the shared line, the results were compared to those of a single spar floating wind turbine, and larger platform motions and higher tension loads in single lines are observed for the wind farm with shared moorings. The loading direction affects the platform motions and mooring response of the floating offshore wind farm. Comparing the investigated loading directions to the 0-deg loading direction, the variation of mean mooring tension at the fairlead is up to 84% for single lines and 16% for the shared line. The influence of the shared line properties in the platform motions and the structural responses is limited. These findings improve understanding of the dynamic characteristics of floating offshore wind farms with a shared mooring system.     

深水SPAR风机系统全耦合动力响应分析研究

文章采用联合开发的计算程序对深水SPAR风机的浮体、锚泊和风机各子系统进行了水—气动力的全耦合数值分析,研究了深水浮式风机系统的动力响应特点。浮体水动力计算采用基于二阶精度的混合波浪模型(Hybrid Wave Model)的MORISON公式,锚泊系统采用细长杆理论通过非线性有限元方法实现,风机系统的空气动力分析采用基于多体气动弹性理论的FAST模块。以浮体控制方程为主体,通过模块间的载荷与位移传递在每个时间步上迭代求解,形成完全耦合的时域分析方法。通过对NREL的5MW SPAR风机系统在随机海况下的水动力响应分析,验证了该方法的有效性,并分析了浮式风机子系统间的混合动力作用。     

Model test investigation of a spar floating wind turbine

Several floating wind turbine designs whose hull designs reflect those used in offshore petroleum industry have emerged as leading candidates for the future development of offshore wind farms. This article presents the research findings from a model basin test program that investigated the dynamic response of a 1:50 scale model OC3 spar floating wind turbine concept designed for a water depth of 200 m. In this study the rotor was allowed to rotate freely with the wind speed and this approach eliminated some of the undesirable effects of controlling wind turbine rotational speed that were observed in earlier studies. The quality of the wind field developed by an array of fans was investigated as to its uniformity and turbulence intensity. Additional calibration tests were performed to characterize various components that included establishing the baseline wind turbine tower frequencies, stiffness of the delta type mooring system and free decay response behaviour. The assembled system was then studied under a sequence of wind and irregular wave scenarios to reveal the nature of the coupled response behaviour. The wind loads were found to have an obvious influence on the surge, heave and pitch behaviour of the spar wind turbine system. It was observed from the experimental measurements that bending moment at the top of the support tower is dominated by the 1P oscillation component and somewhat influenced by the incoming wave. Further it was determined that the axial rotor thrust and tower-top shear force have similar dynamic characteristics both dominated by tower’s first mode of vibration under wind-only condition while dominated by the incident wave field when experiencing wind-wave loading. The tensions measured in the mooring lines resulting from either wave or wind-wave excitations were influenced by the surge/pitch and heave couplings and the wind loads were found to have a clear influence on the dynamic responses of the mooring system.     

Design,modelling, and analysis of a large floating dock for spar floating wind turbine installation

Installation of floating wind turbines at the offshore site is a challenging task. A significant part of the time efficiency and costs are related to the installation methods which are sensitive to weather conditions. This study investigates a large floating dock concept, which can be used to shield a floating wind turbine during installation of tower, nacelle, and rotor onto a spar foundation. In this paper, the concept is described in detail, and a design optimisation is carried out using simple design constraints. Hydrodynamic analysis and dynamic response analysis of the coupled system of the optimum dock and spar are conducted. Two spars of different sizes are considered, and the motion responses of the spars with and without the dock in irregular waves are compared. Through analysis of the motion spectra and response statistics, dynamic characteristics of the coupled system is revealed. The present design of the dock reduces the platform-pitch responses of the spars and potentially facilitates blade mating, but may deteriorate the heave velocity of the spars in swell conditions. Finally, future design aspects of the floating dock are discussed.     

海上风力发电平台概念设计及系泊系统特性研究

为实现海上风力发电平台工作状态的准确预报,本文采用有限元软件建立浮式风力发电平台三维模型,完全时域耦合分析在不规则波作用下,浮式风力发电平台动力响应特性.通过时域结果对比分析可知,在风浪流同向作用下,浮式风力发电平台的运动响应幅值及系泊缆索顶端张力最大.通过运动响应时间历程曲线可知,横荡运动和横摇运动表现为低频特性,垂荡运动表现为波频特性,以上研究成果可为浮式风力发电机的优化设计提供一定的指导,并可为将来的相关试验提供一定参考.     

浮式风机气动-水动耦合特性数值模拟（英文）

The exploration for renewable and clean energies has become crucial due to environmental issues such as global warming and the energy crisis. In recent years,floating offshore wind turbines(FOWTs) have attracted a considerable amount of attention as a means to exploit steady and strong wind sources available in deep-sea areas. In this study, the coupled aero-hydrodynamic characteristics of a spar-type 5-MW wind turbine are analyzed. An unsteady actuator line model(UALM) coupled with a twophase computational fluid dynamics solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU is applied to solve three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes equations. Simulations with different complexities are performed. First, the wind turbine is parked. Second, the impact of the wind turbine is simplified into equivalent forces and moments. Third, fully coupled dynamic analysis with wind and wave excitation is conducted by utilizing the UALM. From the simulation, aerodynamic forces, including the unsteady aerodynamic power and thrust, can be obtained, and hydrodynamic responses such as the six-degrees-of-freedom motions of the floating platform and the mooring tensions are also available. The coupled responses of the FOWT for cases of different complexities are analyzed based on the simulation results. Findings indicate that the coupling effects between the aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform are obvious. The aerodynamic loads have a significant effect on the dynamic responses of the floating platform, and the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine has highly unsteady characteristics due to the motions of the floating platform. A spar-type FOWT consisting of NREL-5-MW baseline wind turbine and OC3-Hywind platform system is investigated. The aerodynamic forces can be obtained by the UALM. The 6 DoF motions and mooring tensions are predicted by the naoe-FOAM-SJTU. To research the coupling effects between the aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform, simulations with different complexities are performed. Fully coupled aero-hydrodynamic characteristics of FOWTs, including aerodynamic loads, wake vortex, motion responses, and mooring tensions, are compared and analyzed.     

Development of interlink wear estimation method for mooring chain of floating structures: Validation and new approach using three-dimensional contact response

Long-term operation of mooring systems is one of the challenging issues of floating structures such as floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). For integrity assessment, fatigue and its affecting factors have generated considerable recent research interest as the occurrence of a large number of mooring chain failures at a high rate has been reported. By contrast, only few studies on the effect of nonuniform volume loss of mooring chain links due to wear can be found because of difficulties to estimate wear amounts quantitatively. Considering this issue, in this paper, validation of the quantitative interlink wear estimation method is investigated by applying to a spar-type floating structure. Firstly, the method is presented which consists of the material test, derivation of an interlink wear estimation formula with FE analysis, and calculation of mooring chain response with coupled dynamic analysis using a mass-spring model. To improve insufficient accuracy due to the mass-spring model around a clump weight and the touchdown point, the method is further modified by using a 3-D rigid-body link model. The estimation results and comparison show that the modified method distinguishing between rolling and sliding can calculate the interlink wear amount closer to the chain diameter measurements and more reasonable than the method using the conventional mass-spring model.