建设服务型港口

<正>当前,我国港口经济建设发展正进入一个新的阶段,其一个主要的发展趋势是,基于港口与腹地经济的良性互动,从以建设港口基础设施为主的发展轨道,转向以提供港口综合服务为主的发展轨道——即建设服务型港口。     

港口金融为港口经济“点睛”

港口经济是港口发展的真实反应,港口的规模、发展状况决定了港口经济对金融服务的需求。从最基础的港口建设到港口物流,再到相关产业的发展都需要大量资金的支撑。港口金融的作用是明显的,基础设施建设、船舶建设、人员的投入等等,都可以寻求港口金融的扶持。而且港口金融对港口建设的各个环节都有影响,港口经济离不开金融的支持。     

理性对待上海港货物吞吐量的国际排名

为推动上海市港口经济的持续发展以及国际航运中心建设工作的顺利进行,从港口经济基本内涵及其动态发展规律出发,提出货物吞吐量是港口基本功能子系统发展状况的体现,在港口发展初期可以反映港口经济的发展状况,而在中后期不能全面反映港口经济的发展的观点,并得出结论：理性对待上海港货物吞吐量的国际排名,有利于明确上海港和上海国际航运中心建设的重点内容。     

我国绿色生态港口建设现状及对策

港口作为世界经济增长的重要推动力量,在其快速发展的同时也带来了严重的环境问题。绿色生态港口是新一代港口的主要模式,也是建设第五代港口的重要指标。分析绿色生态港口的内涵、绿色生态港口建设所要达到的目标、我国绿色生态港口建设现状及面临的挑战,在借鉴欧美等国际先进港口环境保护、绿色生态港口建设经验及研究进展的基础上,提出当前形势下我国绿色生态港口的建设思路与发展对策。     

武汉长江中游航运中心扩散域内主要港口优先发展领域分析

从内河港口发展与区域经济的关系出发,运用增长极理论分析得出武汉长江中游航运中心扩散域内5个主要内河港口经济腹地的增长极,提出内河港口发展应从区域经济发展的功能定位出发,确定内河港口自身发展的优先领域,使内河港口建设与区域经济协调发展。     

基于SWOT模型的广州港口经济发展分析

港口经济是区域经济发展的重要增长极。广州常务副市长邬毅敏认为"先进城市发展港口经济,建设得像星级酒店,但广州发展的港口经济看上去就像大排档"。如何加快广州港口发展,从"大"港转变为"强"港,实现广州港的发展带动广州中心城市的集聚辐射能力和综合竞争力的提升。本文从广州港口经济现状出发,运用SWOT模型分析广州港口经济的优劣势、面临的机遇与挑战,并提出一些建议。     

比利时港口产业集群建设及启示

概述了比利时主要港口的情况。详细介绍了比利时港口产业集群的现状。分析了港口产业集群对区域经济和港口发展的促进作用。同时对我国港口的发展规划和产业集群的建设提出了建议,对我国港口产业集群建设有一定的借鉴。     

必须加快整合温台港口资源

充分发挥港口资源的比较优势,大力发展港口经济,促进区域经济协调发展,已成为港口城市新一轮发展的基础平台。加快港口资源整合,促进港口和区域经济的共同发展,已成为建设节约型社会的内在要求和重要手段。交通部提出了沿海港口要加快资源整合,突破行政区划界限,充分发挥港口群     

论海洋经济的发展与辽宁海域港口布局

近年来，辽宁省的海洋经济取得了长足的发展，这为辽宁海域港口的合理布局奠定了良好的基础，但同时各港口间的竞争也日趋激烈，阻碍了辽宁省海洋经济的发展和港口的建设。因此，有效地协调辽宁海域各港口间的矛盾，促进辽宁海域港口的合理布局是今后加快发展辽宁海洋经济的关键。     

充分发挥港口在城市经济发展中的作用

结合马鞍山港口实际情况,从港口规划、港口建设、港口管理等方面分析如何充分发挥港口作用,促进港口所在城市经济的发展。     

Container terminals in South Korea: problems and panaceas

Korea has achieved remarkable economic growth over the last three decades. This has largely been due to the adoption of export-oriented economic policies. This economic development has resulted in a rapid increase in export and import cargos. Since the foreign trade of Korea is carried predominantly by sea transport (approximately 99.8% in terms of volume), ports play a crucial role in this process. Although recent port developments are aimed at keeping pace with ever-growing seaborne cargoes, problems persist, especially insufficient port capacity and inefficient management and operations. As a consequence, the ports of Korea suffer from serious port congestion. This problem is particularly acute in Pusan, the fifth largest container port in the world. In the past, all ports in Korea were controlled and administered by the Korea Maritime and Port Administration which was a public port authority. In August 1996, the Korean government established a new government organization, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF), with a remit to control and manage its seaports and other related activities and to improve management efficiency in the maritime area. As a way of solving problems related to port congestion and other sources of inefficiency, the new MMAF has launched several new port development schemes. In this context, this paper will discuss (1) the extent of congestion in Korean ports, especially Pusan, the major seaport of the country; and (2) governmental and commercial reaction to solving the problems, including measures such as new port development schemes aimed at attracting private and foreign finance. From this analysis, a strategy for port development in developing countries may be inferred.     

大型集装箱港口近港集疏运道路服务水平提升

公路集疏运是港口集疏运的主要方式之一。针对大型集装箱港口吞吐量较大造成的近港主要集疏运道路拥堵问题,进行现状情况的分析研究,总结近港道路的交通特征和拥堵原因。在此基础上,采用节流和开源的方法,从降低小时流量和提高通行能力的角度出发,提出设置港外堆场的方式平衡公路流量和引入无人驾驶降低平均车头时距两个方面的措施。并以上海洋山深水港区为例,应用本文提出的改善措施,详述港外中转堆场规模、选址和在无人集卡运输要求下集疏运道路断面调整方案,计算得出"改善后集疏运道路服务水平显著提升"的结果,印证了本文提出措施的可行性,为港口集疏运规划决策提供思路。     

Vertical integration and its implications to port expansion

ABSTRACT

Over the years many shipping lines have established terminal operation companies, with some set up as independent firms. However, port authorities and local governments have not always welcomed external investment and control with open arms. The economic implications and each stakeholder’s best strategies remain unclear. This study develops an analytical model in order to study the effects of vertical integration, with a focus on shipping lines’ investment in ports’ capacity. Modelling results suggest that vertical integration between terminal operator and a shipping line leads to higher port capacity, port charge, market output and consumer surplus. It also reduces delay costs. All these results suggest that vertical integration can be an important source of synergy for the maritime industry. Although vertical integration increases the participating carrier’s output at the expenses of non-integrating rival shipping firms, our numerical analysis suggests that the overall social welfare is likely to increase. Preliminary empirical tests confirm that vertically integrated ports handle more traffic volumes and are associated with better infrastructure and equipment. Therefore, port authorities and government regulators should carefully review the market competition status as well as port expansion plans.     

充分利用黄金水道大力发展长江港口

概述长江港口发展的基本情况,总结其发展的基本思路,分析在港政管理体制、港口企业法人治理结构、岸线规划使用、港口通过能力、航道建设整治、港口建设投资、港口法制化建设、软环境建设等诸多方面存在的问题,提出了充分利用长江黄金水道,大力发展长江港口的建议.     

A game-theoretic analysis of competition among container port hubs: the case of Busan and Shanghai 1

Countries throughout the world, and especially within Asia, are investing heavily in container port infrastructure in the hopes of capturing a larger share of global shipping activity for their economies. Many existing ports are emphasizing developing the capacity to serve as a hub port, building deepwater berths with large terminals to facilitate transfer of containers from feeder ships to mother ships for intercontinental transport. We develop a game-theoretic best response framework for understanding how competitor ports will respond to development at a focus port, and whether the focus port will be able to capture or defend market share by building additional capacity. We apply this model to investment and competition currently occurring between the ports of Busan and Shanghai.     

沿海集装箱港区港内锚地面积确定方法

设置港内锚地,是沿海集装箱港区缓解航道拥堵,提高港口服务水平的有效途径之一。为完善港内锚地面积确定方法的理论研究,基于计算机仿真技术,建立设置港内锚地的沿海集装箱港区船舶航行作业系统仿真模型,研究计算期内可能同时占用港内锚地的船舶数量及船型组合;计算不同锚泊方式下所需的港内锚地最大面积。仿真结果与分析结论为沿海集装箱港区港内锚地的规划建设及改造扩建提供参考。     

基于模拟减少集装箱船待港时间的实用方法(英文)

The main challenge for container ports is the planning required for berthing container ships while docked in port.Growth of containerization is creating problems for ports and container terminals as they reach their capacity limits of various resources which increasingly leads to traffic and port congestion.Good planning and management of container terminal operations reduces waiting time for liner ships.Reducing the waiting time improves the terminal’s productivity and decreases the port difficulties.Two important keys to reducing waiting time with berth allocation are determining suitable access channel depths and increasing the number of berths which in this paper are studied and analyzed as practical solutions.Simulation based analysis is the only way to understand how various resources interact with each other and how they are affected in the berthing time of ships.We used the Enterprise Dynamics software to produce simulation models due to the complexity and nature of the problems.We further present case study for berth allocation simulation of the biggest container terminal in Iran and the optimum access channel depth and the number of berths are obtained from simulation results.The results show a significant reduction in the waiting time for container ships and can be useful for major functions in operations and development of container ship terminals.     

Which terminals should expand investment: a perspective of internal non-cooperative competition in a port?

ABSTRACT

With the increasing container cargo throughput and the arising of port congestion, container ports start to choose the investment expansion strategy to increase the port efficiency and then to figure out the problem of port congestion. To analyze this strategy, we formulate a non-cooperative game model for a two-terminals-one-port system, and derive the optimal equilibrium outcomes of the investment expansion strategy and investment constant strategy. In the game, we find that when the investment parameter of expansion strategy and impact of handling efficiency on demand changes, both pure-strategy Nash equilibrium and mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium exist, and two terminals are more likely to choose the investment expansion strategy in most cases. Numerical simulation is applied to explore the equilibrium strategy under different circumstance.     

基于AHP-RS的沿海都市带主要港口评价实证分析

区域港口群资源整合已成为当前航运业发展热点之一,文章从港口规模角度,研究区域范围意义下的主要港口评价问题。以改进后的港口吞吐量和集装箱吞吐量指标为基础,构建区域范围意义下的主要港口评价指标体系,以国内外沿海都市带为例,运用AHP-RS法对都市带内主要港口进行相关评价分析。为客观认识和评价港口自身相对规模水平提供参考,也为沿海都市带框架下的区域港口群有序规划发展提供了依据和思路。通过实例验证了AHP-RS综合评价法在港口评价应用中的科学有效性,值得进一步推广。     

生态港口的建设与发展对策

生态港口,是指既能满足环境要求又能获得良好经济效益的可持续发展港口。讨论了生态港口的内涵,分析总结了国际先进港口的生态保护措施及生态港口建设经验。对我国生态港口现状进行分析。从港口发展模式的改变、生态港口的规划与建设、港口生态环境保护措施的制定和实施等方面探讨了生态港口的建设思路与发展对策。